RCAAP Repository

Over the last decade, Airbnb has emerged as the most important actor in the short-term rental business worldwide. The spatial distribution of Airbnb accommodations in a city is highly sensitive to the location of different spatial, socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural factors, and therefore has the potential to increase existing and create spatial inequalities in host cities. Drawing from the data from the Inside Airbnb website, the 2011 census of population and housing, the municipal registers, and Open Street Maps, this article first measures and analyses the degree of penetration and spatial clustering (with LISA statistics) of Airbnb listings in Barcelona and Lisbon. Then, it explores the spatial, socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural determinants of the spatial clustering of accommodations offered on Airbnb in both cities. Finally, it examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spread of Airbnb in both cities. Results show that Airbnb has penetrated deeply into the central residential areas and around major tourist attractions, and it is deepening spatial inequalities by benefitting mainly the upper income group of homeowners in these neighbourhoods. Lastly, the recent COVID-19 pandemics has curtailed the spread and changed the typology of accommodation offered on Airbnb.

In Southern Europe, the exceptionally high rates of young adults living with their parents might indicate that co-residence is more frequent even among those more likely to live independently. In this study we analyse living in the parental home as a decision of young working adults in four southern European countries in comparison with France, Germany and the United Kingdom. We use the 2012 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions microdata to estimate the probability of living in the parental home for young working adults aged 18-34. Our core finding is that living with parents is a common decision in southern European countries, whereas in France, Germany and the United Kingdom young working adults opt essentially between ownership and tenancy. The results challenge us to rethink young adults’ paths to independent living and the role of public policies in their endeavours.

This dissertation evaluates the effects of selected gels and emulsions, namely agar, gellan gum, xanthan and Pemulen® TR-2, in the cleaning of acrylic emulsion paints. The selected materials represent alternatives to methodologies traditionally used in the cleaning of paintings and seek to overcome current specific problems in the cleaning of acrylic paintings. Cleaning is one of the most common activities within conservation and restoration treatments, and still, one of the processes that offers great risk to the integrity of the artwork because it is intrinsically irreversible. The search for cleaning systems that reduce the amount of solvent/water used in treatments, and at the same time the sensitivity of acrylic emulsion paints to certain cleaning systems encourages the research for alternative methodologies, which are effective in their purpose and offer less risk to the health of professionals and to pictorial surfaces, with a lower environmental impact. Gellified systems offer greater control over the cleaning action and may represent good alternatives for the cleaning of acrylic paintings. The aim of this work is to comparatively analyse the effectiveness of action of the selected materials and their influence on the original pictorial layer. Tests were performed on mock-ups and results were analysed to perceive cleaning efficiency, presence of residues, paint sensitivity and colour alterations of the pictorial layer. These parameters were evaluated with the aid of digital microscopy, photography, FORS, spectrophotometry, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Tests showed that xanthan gum and Pemulen® gels had better dirt removal efficiency and better adaptability to surface irregularities. Resulting colours after cleaning were more similar to the ones in the control samples. However, these gels resulted in greater pigment removal. Agar and gellan gum rigid gels presented greater control in water diffusion and appear to be more suitable for water-sensitive surfaces. Application time and rinsing variables also influenced results obtained with each material.

This dissertation aims to map the historical dynamics that involve at once the genesis of museums, the structuring of the educational sectors within them and the development of the different aspects of the social function of these institutions. Our intention is to examine those that have been the preferences in museum environment regarding educational actions, in trying to understand their characteristics, the reasons and modes of their constitution and the socio-economic and political-cultural contexts in which they emerged. Besides, we also discuss the different practices associated with social work carried out with and from museums, questioning some of the current challenges in this area. We are concerned with understanding which concepts and techniques have been developed by museums over the long term to meet societal demands, a key factor in situating the role of these institutions as social agents. Following these lines of thinking, we try to associate the two vectors – educational and social –, as well as to understand the modes of action that both mobilize to achieve their goals, without losing sight of the fact that this mobilization does not occur without impasses and contradictions. To reinforce this connection, we analyse two illustrative cases: one from the Tropenmuseum and the other from the Gulbenkian Museum. Finally, one of the main goals of the developed research is to theoretically frame an educational project: the Museokupa, conceived for the first time in 2019 and held at the Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology (MAAT). Museokupa consisted in an experience of materialization, in its most practical form, of theoretical debates, namely to perspective and reflect about the limits and the future of the symbiosis between education in museums and the social work practiced by them.

This project discusses the conceptual derivations that occur from the investigative path of painting, as a means of establishing a theoretical bias that takes into account the procedural nuances included in the space between the artist's intention and the conception of the work. During the master's degree in painting, the atelier of the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Lisbon served as a laboratory for immersion in an experimental process; resulted in a group of works produced under the light of interests that will be developed based on the opposition of concepts, which permeate areas of knowledge that are decisive for the identification of problems related to the subject of painting, in the contemporary art scene. Based on reflections on the location of an object in an ontological context, what are the conditions that favor the recognition of the symbolic force projected by the subject on the object of desire? How can the artist take advantage of the displacement of the object from its conventional function in order to induce the manifestation of a feeling of sinister character in the viewer? How can the interpretation of signs favor the understanding of a logical behavior, allowing the assimilation of similar aspects in different areas of production? What are the practical resources that account for suggestive effects, which attest to the maintenance of a state of uncertainty along a proposed narrative path? The circumstances surrounding the art scene undergo transformations that imply the need for a constant renewal of the perspectives of exploration of the object in the pictorial space. How do the relations between the artist and the place he occupies in space-time take place, with regard to the recognition of motives that drive experimentation? What were the means found to circumvent expectations and what is the importance of sustaining a posture of surveillance? How can the unpredictable consequences of the process become a determining part of the content in the decoding of a plastic message?

Este estudo teve como principal objectivo compreender a variação das dimensões do estilo de vinculação (Evitação e Preocupação), tendo em conta a globalidade dos modelos internos de trabalho do indivíduo e a especificidade das suas relações. Foi, ainda, analisada a relação entre os estilos de vinculação, global e específico, e o mal-estar emocional. Estas variáveis foram avaliadas através de questionários aplicados em dois momentos: o questionário Attachment Network Questionnaire (ANQ), o Questionário de Experiências em Relações Próximas (QERP), global e específico para as relações, e o Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). A amostra era composta por 125 participantes, com uma média de idades de 31 anos. Os resultados obtidos, através de modelos hierárquicos lineares (programa HLM), indicaram do que a dimensão Evitação varia mais entre as relações que entre os indivíduos, o que é coerente com a asserção teórica de que esta dimensão está mais relacionada com as representações que fazemos dos parceiros relacionais. O contrário acontece para a dimensão Preocupação, que varia mais entre os indivíduos do que entre as diversas relações. Verificámos ainda que o estilo de vinculação, quando avaliado no global, prediz moderadamente o estilo de vinculação em cada relação. Essa predição é mais forte na dimensão da Preocupação do que na Evitação. Por fim, as dimensões Evitação e Preocupação, ao nível global, são melhores preditores para o mal-estar emocional, que as mesmas dimensões, ao nível específico. Estas conclusões sugerem que, embora os estilos de vinculação específicos sejam importantes para a compreensão do funcionamento das relações, a obtenção de ganhos psicoterapêuticos relevantes deve implicar mudanças nas representações globais da vinculação. As relações que não são de vinculação também parecem ter influência em alguns domínios do mal-estar emocional.

The present investigation – “Visual journalism and artistic journalism: relational approaches between design and journalism” – is based on the role of design and its contribution to a qualified journalism into the communication and dissemination of facts. In the contemporary context, and in times marked by post-truth, journalism faces challenging times. We start by identifying the main factors that contribute to the journalism crisis, and propose, based on the bibliographic review, two current approaches to design, considering the differences of their contribution in the relationship they establish with the communication of facts: visual journalism and artistic journalism. Both start from the need to translate facts through artefacts with visual attributes, in a wide variety of formats, such as video, photography, maps or infographics. They are distinguished by the way in which design is positioned on the “production line” of news or information, and how it draws limits to its practice, in a direct relationship with the ethics of journalistic practice. The practical component of this investigation - the Facts Archive project - starts with theoretical research and aims to compile and categorize projects and bibliographic references around the two identified approaches. As an archive, Facts Archive aims to contribute to the debate around the definition and characterization of these approaches, which we consider to be sufficiently demonstrative of the possibility of telling a version of the facts using visual expression. The evolution of communication design practices in the journalistic context or due to the necessity of translating the facts (demonstrated in initiatives or events, postgraduate training courses and commissioned or self-proposed projects, as well as a growing specialized bibliography, which attest to the relevance of the problem) became evident throughout this investigation. These practices open the field of study of design to journalism, and place design at the centre of discussion of the status quo, social problems, and the reproduction of facts in the world of new media.

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No contexto do Mediterrâneo Atlântico, os arqui- pélagos da Madeira e dos Açores desenvolveram estreitas relações com o Magrebe no âmbito da pre- sença portuguesa em Marrocos. Para além das gentes da Madeira e dos Açores que participaram de forma activa, desde finais do século XV e ao longo de toda a primeira metade da centúria seguinte, com um epílogo no final do reinado de D. Sebastião, nas acções de conquista e ocupação e, depois, de defesa dos territórios norte-africanos, as ilhas desempe- nharam igualmente um importante papel no aprovi- sionamento das praças, com destaque para o arqui- pélago açoriano. Nesta exposição apresentaremos alguns dados relativos às relações sociais e econó- micas que se teceram entre os Açores e Marrocos no período que se estende de finais do século XV a meados do século XVIII.

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L’accélération du développement technico-scientifique de ces dernières décennies a décuplé les risques des effets négatifs de ce processus, d’où ce concept de « société du risque » proposé par Ulrich Beck (2001). La multiplication des risques a été associée à l’abandon des certitudes du passé et à l’augmentation constante des doutes et des incertitudes dans pratiquement toutes les sphères de la vie humaine. Il y a un accord généralisé pour qualifier l’époque actuelle d’ère de l’incertitude. Selon Bauman (2007), nous vivons dans une société en changement permanent dans laquelle les individus ont des difficultés d’adaptation, une société dont les institutions et les normes n’ont pas le temps de se consolider et que Bauman a par conséquent nommée la « modernité liquide ». L’insécurité résidentielle est une bonne illustration de l’incertitude croissante dans les sociétés occidentales actuelles, particulièrement depuis la dernière grande crise économique. Selon Campbell et al., (2013), l’insécurité résidentielle surgit quand on ne peut pas anticiper ni planifier les événements vitaux parce que la relation avec le logement est menacée par des facteurs financiers, un régime d’occupation du logement instable ou bien parce que le logement n’est pas conforme aux normes conventionnelles ou culturelles. L’approche de cet auteur, qui décrit l’insécurité résidentielle au-delà des indicateurs structuraux ou conjecturaux de revenus, permet d’analyser le risque de perdre son logement ou bien les difficultés des ménages pour réaliser leurs projets de vie (Chan et al., 2015). De ce point de vue, il est important de saisir la perception subjective de l’insécurité car c’est elle qui influence l’insécurité vitale (Clair et al., 2019).

O presente estudo tem como objectivo identificar as necessidades dos professores perante os desafios apresentados por alunos sobredotados, em contexto de sala de aula. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas semi-directivas a nove professores de um colégio internacional da região de Lisboa, dos quais quatro leccionam crianças dos seis aos dez anos de idade, quatro leccionam alunos dos catorze aos dezoito e um dos professores lecciona alunos dos três aos dezoito. A entrevista, de natureza exploratória, procurou saber qual a percepção dos professores sobre a definição de sobredotação, as características dos alunos sobredotados e identificar os principais desafios dos professores em lidar com estes alunos, e as necessidades para melhor responder aos mesmos. De uma forma geral, os resultados relativos à definição de sobredotação e à identificação das características dos alunos vão ao encontro da literatura, apesar de cada professor ter uma visão e experiência diferentes. Os principais desafios são relativos à diferenciação curricular e em manter os alunos desafiados e estimulados. Em termos de necessidades, oito pediram mais informação, materiais/recursos adaptados a estes alunos e seis mostraram-se interessados em ter formação na área.

Chronic illness in childhood affects the family dynamics, namely the life and well-being of siblings. Children may exercise caregiving roles and assume a series of responsibilities when their brother or sister is chronically ill. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of sociological studies on the roles undertaken by children on behalf of their ill sibling. The type of care provided by siblings has been under researched. It is fundamental to gain knowledge on the siblings' experiences of undertaking caring tasks for their chronically ill brother or sister as this will help to improve the life of children as well as of their family members. Indeed, this specific knowledge can influence the caring practices of healthcare professionals and further develop healthcare policies that safeguard the needs of healthy siblings.

Based on the high prevalence of bruxism in the sample, there was an urgent need for the implementation of treatment options for this pathology in people with CP, in order to try to prevent its harmful consequences on the stomatognathic system. In this study active wear facets were observed in the majority of the sample. Through alogistic regression it was found that the risk of having MB and GB is greater in individuals who have shiny wear facets. More studies are needed with standardized diagnostic protocols and representative samples to evaluate the factors that influence the presence of bruxism in this population and to establish an appropriate treatment planning.

This chapter puts the European and Euro-Atlantic integration of the Balkans into the spotlight and further analyzes the reactions from Russia. This integrative process is a relevant intention, especially after the revolutionary changes of the 1990s and the collapse of the communist bloc. Literature is scarce, lacks an integrated approach, and barely addresses the topic from a comparative perspective. This research seeks to fill this gap through an empirical, systematic, and comparative analysis of the integration and disintegration processes across the region. The argument is that the integration is asymmetric, both between the two international organizations and between the two sub-regions, and that Russian investment decreases as integration goes forward. Findings highlight the complex interactions and interdependencies of the three mutually exclusive processes: the integration into the EU and NATO, the internal fragmentation of the region, and a transformation in the relationship with Russia when chasing the enlargement into these structures.