Repositório RCAAP

This article aims to present some historical aspects of the city of São Sebastião do Cai, located in the region of the Valley of Cai River, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Our intent is to demonstrate the city’s relationship with its river. We seek within a perspective of urban and environmental cultural history, understand the river as an allocator of senses and meanings to the city space, as well as an enabler of change and socio-political and cultural changes in the local scene. The methodology used was the bibliographical, documentary research, through photographs and newspaper articles, and oral history. The results show that the memory of the residents is linked to environmental problems, especially the floods that occur in the municipality.

The objective of the present investigation was to analyze José Martí’s concern with the transmission of knowledge, doings and values that should be part of women’s education. The article analyzes the writing directed to the “children of America” in La edad de Oro (1889) and seeks to identify in the Martian project of formation of the “new man” the distinction between an education for boys and girls. But it will be in the collection formed by the set of personal letters addressed to Maria Mantilla and in the advice directed to the daughter that shows Martí as a father concerned with the proper social and educational formation of middle class or elite women and the role that it should play in nineteenth century society.

This article deals with the history of science and the conservation of jaguars in Brazilian biomes. It shows the direct relation between the scientific research and the strategies for the conservation of the species. The sources researched were books, scientific articles, master’s theses and doctoral dissertations, websites of governmental and non-governmental organizations, and conservation project reports. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of science and conservation projects in the production of knowledge and to promote a more harmonious coexistence between human populations and populations of jaguars.

The purpose of this text is to provide a long-term record of occurrences of the species Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. in the Brazilian territory, in order to (i) determine if its introduction occurred before the earliest official record, (ii) identify points of occurrence in Brazil, and (iii) assess its status as a useful although invasive plant. The text is partly based on research done on the confirmed presence of this plant in the Brasília National Park, located in Brazil’s Federal District. Three databases available on the Internet containing information from several herbariums were accessed to obtain the location and the dates of the relevant records of the plant in Brazilian territory. We found that the species was rather widely present in the Brazilian territory before the official record of its earliest introduction. In addition, we found that the plant’s current geographic distribution indicates that it continues to have a strong invasive potential in Brazil, especially because there are social and technical incentives to cultivate it in rural properties.

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This article analyzes the flood and mass landslides in the Tubarão River Basin in 1974. The objective is to evaluate the measures taken by the Brazilian government in order to avoid the dismantling of the city. In this context, the condition “affected by the disaster” was reported by national and regional newspapers as a victim or villain, which varied according to the interests of ruling classes in the work of affected people. Disaster is understood in this work as a totalizing event, which expresses the logics of domination imposed on the environment and to the individuals. Thus, it was realized that at the Tubarão River Basin, poverty is the most significant condition to the production of vulnerability to social and environmental disasters.

Differently from the more cultural aspects that underlay German-Brazilian rural colonization in the 19th and 20th centuries, agrarian and silvan themes remain strictly placed in the social and environmental realities of southern Brazil. This discourse is still up to date and it reinforces the assumption that agricultural- silvan practices and knowledge carried by German-Brazilian rural society had their origins solely on the impositions of the south American side of the migration. Thus, the idea of rupture regarding agrarian systems and forest use imposed itself without further countercharges. In this paper, we aim at rethinking these assumptions through the concept of transfer, embedded into an environmental history approach and under a perspective of the history of knowledge, or better said, migrant knowledge. We claim that the birth of the German-Brazilian igneous and forest agriculture had been associated to the previous knowledge and practices of the German peasantry. Three vectors of transfers will be then analyzed: firstly, the management of extensive agriculture deprived from enough inputs of husbandry; second, the use of fire as a tool for land clearance and manuring; finally, the adoption of native crops by German-Brazilian rural society. These specific flows allow to argue the mobility and connections of knowledge and agricultural-silvan practices between Germany and Brazil. Therefore, before being an exclusively south American development, German-Brazilian agriculture was distinguished by hybridism, marked by transfer phenomena.

This article aims to present the environmental history of the Cerrado (the Brazilian tropical savannah) as a biogeographic system and the environmental consequences of the agricultural frontier expansion in central Brazil. The research based on a diverse set of documentary and bibliographic sources that highlight the Cerrado landscapes, its biodiversity, with emphasis on the historical processes of agricultural frontier expansion. This is a theoretical-methodological assumption of environmental history study to understand the relationship between society and the Cerrado ecosystem. The results show the understanding of the Cerrado as biogeographic system is complex and the different historical processes of perception, description and occupation of this ecosystem happens in a varied way, considering the landscapes diversity and the natural elements that compose it. In addition, the governmental efforts in scientific development to make the Cerrado an agricultural frontier as well as the agricultural expansion of the last 50 years have significantly changed its landscapes, generating impacts and irreversible environmental damage to this unique ecosystem in the central plateaus of South America South.

atin America is a place based on the denial of Old-World architecture. Its conception offers the possibility of constructing a physical reality, different from that prevailing in the European continent, given its varied geographical and spatial perspective. According to Ángel Rama, the city thus becomes the sign representing the new order and opens as the space that can embrace all the dreams of this new spatial understanding, since it is configured to be modern and ideologically opposed to its place of origin. This article presents the relation between the notion of environmental history and the identity project in Latin America, a geographical region that was established through the ideological search for its own characteristics. The constitutional reality of Latin America was through its physical space, an American dream, as said by Ángel Rama. In order to do so the text is composed by a brief introduction, stating the thematic perspective of the study, and three approaches: the first presents a discussion about the term “environmental history”, based on the critical thinking of Enrique Leff, and how this term is structured in the construction of Latin America; the second focuses on the case of José Mármol, an Argentinean exiled in Brazil in the first half of the 19th century, who wrote articles on the local environment for the Ostensor Brasileiro, a Rio de Janeiro newspaper, and how it interfered with the social identity formation of the natives; the third brings the eight texts of the Argentinean writer, published in the newspaper. As conclusion, a short reflection on the role that Latin American literature plays in the process of environmentalization of physical spaces, and how it becomes an effective instrument of interpretation and constitution of environmental history, as proposed by Enrique Lef.

The present article aims to understand the arrival and growth of the rubber tree (Hevea spp.) in the western plateau of the São Paulo state, Brazil. To understand how the rubber tree experienced a boom in this region from the end of the 1980’s it will be necessary to go back few decades and recover the history of this important plant species in the most industrialized state of the country. This will be done with an approach defined as techno-environmental, that is, that puts in dialogue the environmental history with the anthropological and historical studies of the techniques.

The article presents aspects related to the creation and consolidation of the newspaper O Conciliador do Maranhão (1821-1823), one of the most regular and long-lived of the Portuguese-Brazilian world. Then, identifies, from letters, extracts from other newspapers and sessions of the Portuguese Court, the spaces that deserved special attention of the newspaper, highlighting Pernambuco and the region of the Prata, that allowed the newspaper to articulate the political dynamics of the captaincy / province of Maranhão to diverse political experiences, almost always taken as a counterpoint to the defense of the Portuguese constitutional monarchy and of the groups that made possible the existence of the newspaper. In order to explore such articulations, it prioritizes the end of the year 1821 and the beginning of 1822, time of regulation and election of the Government Councils in the Province of Maranhão; and the first months of 1823, a moment of political and military advance of the project of independence conceived from Rio de Janeiro, and that had as one of the unfoldings the incorporation of the province of Maranhão to the Empire of Brazil in July, 1823.

The present work aims to present the discourses produced on the natives in Santa Catarina through the press, especially in the press of Blumenau/ SC, in the context of the creation of SPILTN (Service of Protection to the Indian and Location of National Workers), which was inaugurated in 1910 by the federal government. The newspaper was the Der Urwaldsbote in the time cut from 1910 to 1914. Newspapers are to be apprehended as historical sources, not as an “expression of the truth” of an age or as impartial conductors in the “transmission of information”, but as one of the instruments by which society interprets and re-elaborates their perceptions, therefore produces speeches. The article analyzes how indigenous people were perceived in the press at the threshold of the elaboration and implementation of a national policy for the indigenous issue, concomitantly with the progress that was under way in the country and the issue of immigration and colonization.

The present article proposes the reflection not only on the office of the historian, but of his activity as a political agent. Starting from a brief rescue of the etymology of the words history and politics, in this research we discuss the role played in the writing of history and the force of the political decisions of those who produce it. The activity of the historian occurs from the delimitation of several prisms, such as the choice of objects, methodologies and theoretical contributions, which contributes to the identification of the position of the professional, in the same way as the political character of the historian’s activity. This paper tries to present some answers to questions about the activity of the historian as a political gesture and the writing of historiographical texts, as well as the impossibility of being considered exempt or neutral.

The sport, during the 19th century, was one of the main cultural manifestations worldwide spread by the British. As an important custom, it was usual to create clubs where they settled. The practice also spread out by the ships of his mighty navy (merchant and war). Faced as a sign of civilization and progress, in various cities the habit was emulated, since own readings that considered the material limits and cultural peculiarities. In this study, we are interested in the apprehensions about what happened in other countries by those who were involved with the conformation of the sporting field in Brazil, especially those positions that were spread by the press of Rio de Janeiro. We consider that, in 19th century, newspapers and magazines became important public arenas, forums for publicity, discussion and formation of opinions. Thus, the purpose of this article is to discuss, in the sporting periodicals published in Rio de Janeiro in that century, the circulation of ideas about sport from England, France and Argentina, nations in which the field was better structured. Because of its profile, special attention was given to Semana Sportiva magazine. In these research efforts, we try to take a look at our process of adherence to the ideals and imaginary of modernity.

The Caio Prado Júnior´s speech for the Juca Pato prize, read in the auditorium of the Folha de S.Paulo, during the night of march 28, 1967, is, in this article, an opportunity of incursion into the intellectual history of a period marked by the transition from a democratic public sphere to an authoritarian public sphere. The award came from the repercussion reached by the book A revolução brasileira, the first major reflection on the errors committed by the progressive sectors, in the final conjuncture of the Republic of 1946. In your speech, the historian dealt with the responsibility of the intellectual to face the closing of horizons and future perspectives of a country that still lived an unfinished modernity. The expectation as to the future of Brazil, in a moment of crisis of institutions of democratic representation, leads to a reflection on historical time in social thought.

The typographers, by the very nature of their activity, which presupposed the mastery of reading, writing and of the process of production of printed matters, were among the most active professional in the launching of publications, whether as managers or collaborators. Their periodicals were designed to deal with specific issues of their occupation, but there were also those that extrapolated the problems related to the graphic workshops and discussed the conditions of workers in general. Thus, in different latitudes, these typographers were among the first ones to organize themselves into associations and to articulated their demands and criticize social order. In this article, we focus on Revista Tipográfica, which circulated in Rio de Janeiro between 1888 and 1890. We will analyse the publication from a historical perspective, when providing an overview of its organizers, characteristics and trajectory. It is important to highlight the perception that the typographers had towards their profession, their own representation and the current standard of typographic art in Brazil. During the period that the magazine circulated, the more sophisticated publications, with regard to the physical quality such as A Ilustração (Paris, 1884-1892), had to be produced beyond national borders.

This article argues that during the first half of the twentieth century, alongside the effort to construct a “scientific and modern” narrative of Brazilian history, it was also produced a historical narrative that could be taught to a large audience. It mobilized many intellectuals – historians, writers, editors, plastic artists, etc. – creating a matrix that became part of the political culture and republican historical culture of the country. Here we analyze a paradigmatic example of this type of narrative: the historical novel A Marquesa de Santos, written by Paulo Setúbal and published in 1925. 

La decisión del caricaturista portugues Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro de trabajar en Brasil en 1875 presentó desafíos y experiencias importantes para la carrera del artista. En su colaboración en el periódico ilustrado y satírico O Mosquito (1869-1877) fue necesario conquistar al público de un país que, aunque culturalmente cercano a Portugal, tenía sus peculiaridades. Convivió con otros caricaturistas, compartió vivencias y experimentó un medio periodístico competitivo, a veces hostil a su condición de “extranjero”. A partir del concepto de “transferencia cultural” el cual propone analizar las relaciones entre América Latina y Europa desde una perspectiva no jerárquica, pero como “intercambios multilaterales” (COMPAGNON, 2005), la propuesta del artículo es analizar algunas de las estrategias de Bordalo en sus momentos iniciales en Brasil, así como sus diálogos con otros artistas y periódicos ilustrados.

In this article, we will evaluate the importance of the Anhanguera newspaper as the main media vehicle for the dissemination of the ideology of the Flag Movement in the middle of 1937. To this end, we will discuss the ideological bases of this movement, its members and the way of disseminating its ideas, at the same time, we will point out how this newspaper was received between military and civilians. A final highlight of this article will be the way the editors of the newspaper Anhanguera criticized the figure of Getúlio Vargas and defended the candidacy of Armando de Salles to the Presidency of the Republic. In order to develop this study, we will count on the contributions of Norbert Elias, Roger Chartier and Tania Regina de Luca, so that these authors will help us to understand the articulation of a “society of individuals” through the Anhanguera newspaper, which has as social habitus the appropriation of the literary representations of the bandeirante paulista stuffed by political representations.In this article, we will evaluate the importance of the Anhanguera newspaper as the main media vehicle for the dissemination of the ideology of the Flag Movement in the middle of 1937. To this end, we will discuss the ideological bases of this movement, its members and the way of disseminating its ideas, at the same time, we will point out how this newspaper was received between military and civilians. A final highlight of this article will be the way the editors of the newspaper Anhanguera criticized the figure of Getúlio Vargas and defended the candidacy of Armando de Salles to the Presidency of the Republic. In order to develop this study, we will count on the contributions of Norbert Elias, Roger Chartier and Tania Regina de Luca, so that these authors will help us to understand the articulation of a “society of individuals” through the Anhanguera newspaper, which has as social habitus the appropriation of the literary representations of the bandeirante paulista stuffed by political representations.

This is a study of cultural history that intends to analyse the importance of the international gatherings for the history of the press and journalism. The congresses and their theoretical work provided an important contribution to the exposure and the deepening of those issues that, in the Lisbon Congress, led to the approval of a directive by which each national association should promote journalism within higher education. Centred in this event demonstrates how, without losing completely the sense of mission, journalism became a regulated profession and the journalist a professional with rights and duties inherent in that condition. In connection, the beginnings of the press as mega-industry and the position of the journalist as an employee in the cultural and political global context, with all the class associations, the alliances and social cleavages that this growth caused along the 20th century were patent in the debate occurred in Lisbon, substantiating it in a particularly decisive period of the evolution of democratic society. As a symptom of growth and adaptation, the debate during the Congress crisscrossed several important positions regarding the evolution of journalism, both as an idea and a concept, and as a profession. In addition tobeing a contribution to the research of the history of the press and its main actors in a little-studied chapter the international relations of the press, the relevance of this study lies in the fact of opening for current debates and reflection helping to understand the failures and achievements of contemporaneity.