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In this paper we propose to discuss the configuration of alliances between the civil and military sectors that sparked coups and established dictatorial regimes in Brazil and Argentina. We aim to characterize their initial establishment as well as the dynamics within those administrations, determining particular nuances, since they focused both on implemented policies and on the sectors that could go against them.

This article analyzes the way in which the Argentinian Clarin newspaper reported/represented the 1964 civil-military coup in Brazil as news/event, seeking to emphasize how the journalistic discourse, by mobilizing images and recurring interpretations, possibly served as an important component of an ideology of the authoritarian solution across the political and institutional crisis that grew in the region since at least the 1950s.

The Special Investigation Committee established at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) in May 1964 resulted in the purge of twelve Professors from that institution. It was one of several actions from the so-called "Cleaning Operation", a large coercive process carried out in Brazil in the first months after the 1964 coup.

Until the late twentieth century, military intervention and coups in Latin American politics had been constant. But over the last decades the region has undergone a process of unprecedented democratic consolidation. In this paper, we examine the discrepancies between the historic progress of democracy in Latin America and the conditions that prevailing literature identified as necessary to achieve it one or two decades ago. Democracy as a political system has been consolidated in the region without having fulfilled the conditions regarding civil-military relations. The authoritarian threat has not diminished by a drastic change of behavior within the armed forces - the key element of the theory of democratic consolidation-. It was the drastic reduction in power and influence of civil political right elites and the authoritarian tendencies what allows the consolidation achieved.

The present article is a reflexion about the priest João Pedro Gay, that worked in Alegrete and Uruguaiana from 1848 to 1891, as a secular clergyman. The documentacion used is part of yours personal records, found at the filing department of the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. Your activities were diversifies. We detach your performed with homeopathy in the interior of the Rio Grande do Sul.

The article examines processes of intrusion of peasants caboclos in the official settlements a north of Rio Grande do Sul; it demonstrates the political philosophy of colonization of the sphere public in the first decades of the twentieth century, which excluded most small farmers already present in the region; it reveals strategies struggles of small farmers by obtaining title to land.

This article studies the development of the theme of power and privanza in the bilogy Próspera y Adversa fortuna de Duarte Pacheco (1621) by Jacinto Cordeiro, dramatist that belongs to the group of lusitan authors that write in Spanish during the Dual Monarchy period (1580-1640). It analyzes both comedies with special attention to the relationship between Duarte Pacheco and the figures that hold status of monarchist authority. The work also takes into consideration the dramatic development of the protagonist as a tragic character.

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This paper aims to summarize the passage of the North American geographer Alexander Hamilton Rice Jr. (1875-1956) in the Rio Branco region, which is currently known as the state of Roraima. This expedition carried out between 1924-25 generated a significant material for studying the region, as well as an insightful report generated and an important photo and video record of the places and people of the region, then known as Brazilian Guyana. We analyze the work published in Portuguese which presents part of the report, entitled "Exploração na Guiana Brasileira", published in 1978 as part of the "Reconquista do Brasil" collection.

Italian Giovanni Battista Agostino Codazzi (1793-1859), known in Latin America as Agustin Codazzi, an Italian military, scientist, geographer and cartographer, found himself among the first explorers who, in the first half of the 19th century, saw South America with a scientific eye, particularly the territory in the middle of Venezuela, Colombia and Equator, removing the mythological aura surrounding it at the time. One of the most tangible results of these observations was the definition of the borders around the three countries, in addition to the charting the area, which was viewed positively by European scientists and helped create the foundations of modern geography in view of its multidisciplinary approach

Johann Jakob von Tschudi, born in Glarus, Switzerland, visited South America for the first time between 1838 to 1843, when he stayed in Peru. His first visit to Brazil was between 1857 and 1859, to where he would later return in 1860 as the Ambassador of the Swiss Confederation. He stayed in Brazil until 1868. These stays resulted several works, among which we can highlight the five volumes of his Reisen durch Südamerika (Travels in South America), a work published in Leipzig by Brockhaus between the years 1866 and 1869, lavishly illustrated with dip pens. Tasked by the Swiss Confederation to verify the situation of Swiss emigrants after the crisis caused by the uprising of Fazenda Ibicaba (as documented by Thomas Davatz), Tschudi not only left us the memory of this immigration, but also that of other European groups, focusing on their clashes with Indigenous peoples and their readings of the African population. In addition to descriptions of urban and rural life in South America, this work is an important source of European views on the continent. We seek to present the work, highlighting aspects that deserve to be researched even further.

After being rediscovered in recent years by literary criticism for its vast production of travel literature, Edmondo De Amicis remains an understudied writer, remembered first and foremost as the writer of "the languid", as defined Carducci. However, the De Amicis sentimentality has not only constituted a commercial strategy for book sales, but was also an idealized design of civic pedagogy and needs, aiming to create a "countrywide cultural unity, in a newly unified country that still has a lot to do in terms of Italian identity. In 1884, De Amicis wrote "Sull'Oceano", a novel that chronicles the imaginary journey on the "North America" ship, leading Argentina to a series of conferences. The theme of travel is not new to De Amicis, who had written several travel journals in the 70s, including travels to Spain, the Netherlands, Morocco and Constantinople. The focus on the ocean shows that, as the title suggests, the "emphasis here is not the point of arrival, the host country, but the journey itself, the time of transition, the expected transition, giving voice to the experience of Italian immigrants as well as to all the Italians who lived during the post-unification period. This study presents a new analysis of "Sull'Oceano" in light of the Italian identity issues during the post-unification period and of discussions with other intellectuals of the time, such as Paolo Mantegazza, who also traveled to South America.

The young Ercole Luigi Morselli (1882-1921), a promising author and playwright to-be, goes on a one-year trip between the Summer of 1903 and the Autumn of 1904. The trip is motivated by a series of needs, including an outward intolerance of traditional rules and teachings by a free and rebellious spirit, animated by great artistic pretension. The desire for "another place" arises from the need to distance himself provisionally from "Madre", a term that should be understood in two ways: as the homeland - the land of letters and culture in which he dreams to assert himself in the future as a writer - and as the progenitor, that is, his mother, Anna Celli, to finally emancipate himself and "grow" as a man and as an artist, while maintaining, through letter, a strong connection to both. Morselli is one of the very few artists of his generation who traveled like this. This fundamental experience makes it possible to trace a kind of artistic and personal itinerary through the correspondence sent to his mother, in which the first clear signs of his ambition as an artist start to appear.

In the late 1920s, French aviators began performing experimental flights connecting Paris to Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires. The Latecoere airline received its license to operate in Brazil in 1925 and in 1927 began to use the weekly Recife-Pelotas route, with stops in Maceio, Salvador, Caravelas, Vitoria, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Paranagua, Florianopolis and Porto Alegre. That same year, the company's name was changed to Aeropostale and was the first to build the so-called "aeroplaces", landing fields along the Brazilian coast. The company's pilots have become myths for crossing deserts and oceans carrying mail without delay. Heroic pilots Mermoz and Saint-Exupery have also achieved fame in literature. They both became unforgettable aviators and poets, losing their lives while flying. This presentation seeks description of unknown territory in their literary travel journals because, as "knights of modern times", they were admired and welcomed as friends everywhere they landed their planes. We seek to highlight the view of these travelers as examples of the "other", the European of the first half of the century.

La obra de Friedrich Gerstäcker, autor alemán del siglo XIX, viajero que pasó dos veces por Brasil, sigue siendo prácticamente desconocida para el público brasileño. El autor fue trabajado en una tesis de doctorado que resultó en el libro "Brasilien ist nicht weit von hier! Die Thematik der deutschen Auswanderung nach Brasilien in der deutschen Literatur im 19. Jahrhundert (1800-1871)". Por el público alemán, Friedrich Gerstäcker es generalmente considerado como el autor de la literatura de aventura. En el caso de la literatura publicada en Brasil, sin embargo, se cree que no se puede hablar de una literatura de este tipo. En este sentido, pretendemos presentar aquí la obra del mencionado autor relacionada con Brasil y hacer que su producción sea más conocida.

French journalist and traveler Max Leclerc was sent to Brazil in December 1889 to write about the newly installed Republic for the "Journal des Débats" of Paris, one of the most influential journals of France. The collection of articles was published in 1942 by Editora Nacional, in book form, translated by Sergio Milliet, entitled "Cartas do Brasil". Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the writings of Max Leclerc about the crisis of the Empire and the establishment of Republic in Brazil. The analysis also includes his views on the Brazilian society and "national character".

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