Repositório RCAAP

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the self-service restaurant sector, as well as other types of food services, are facing an unprecedented crisis needing to adapt their service to avoid closing their doors. With varied and quick meals, the self-service buffet is one of the most important types of outside services. However, the type of service where the clients follow a line on the buffet and serve their meals has impaired traditional restaurant operation during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and, perhaps, after it. In this sense, this study presents an overview of the self-service buffet restaurant operational system in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Public health emergencies are a test of resilience for health systems, which depend on health workforces that are well managed and cared for. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the weakness of many health systems in preparing their health workforces. The crisis also exacerbated the unequal conditions between different professions, an issue that is still understudied in the workforce literature. This paper analyzes the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for different health professionals, considering the ways in which Brazil's the health system does or does not protect them. We also analyse the role of pre-existing inequalities between different professions and social groups within the workforce in shaping their different experiences of the pandemic. We present data comparing the perceptions of different health professionals facing the pandemic in Brazil: physicians, nurses, and community health workers. Data were collected in an online survey in Brazil with 1630 health care workers between June 15th and July 1st. Findings suggest that none of the professions felt well prepared to work under emergencies. However, differences relating to professional background were exacerbated during the pandemic, creating unequal conditions for different health workers. These inequalities may pose new challenges for the post-pandemic scenario.

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a articulação dos governos do Nordeste para formular e implementar políticas de saúde no contexto da epidemia de Covid-19. Partindo da discussão teórica sobre federalismos e relações governamentais, tratou-se de abordar as políticas de saúde a partir do arranjo federativo brasileiro e os resultados da cooperação entre os estados que compõem o Consórcio do Nordeste. Para tanto, realizou-se análise de documentos internos do Consórcio editados entre março de 2019 e abril de 2020. Observa-se, portanto, que as ações do Consórcio em políticas de saúde têm sido fundamentais para que esses estados atravessem a referida crise.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2009.

Phishing is a type of fraud attempt in which the attacker, usually by e-mail, pretends to be a trusted person or entity in order to obtain sensitive information from a target. Most recent phishing detection researches have focused on obtaining highly distinctive features from the metadata and text of these e-mails. The obtained attributes are then used to feed classification algorithms in order to determine whether they are phishing or legitimate messages. In this paper, it is proposed an approach based on machine learning to detect phishing e-mail attacks. The methods that compose this approach are performed through a feature engineering process based on natural language processing, lemmatization, topics modeling, improved learning techniques for resampling and cross-validation, and hyperparameters configuration. The first proposed method uses all the features obtained from the Document-Term Matrix (DTM) in the classification algorithms. The second one uses Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) as a operation to deal with the problems of the “curse of dimensionality”, the sparsity, and the text context portion included in the obtained representation. The proposed approach reached marks with an F1-measure of 99.95% success rate using the XGBoost algorithm. It outperforms state-of-the-art phishing detection researches for an accredited data set, in applications based only on the body of the e-mails, without using other e-mail features such as its header, IP information or number of links in the text.

Interspecific hybridization of oil palms (E. guineensis × E. oleifera) was initially exploited to provide disease resistance and, consequently, increased oleic acid content. Besides the growing importance of this cultivar to the market, there is little information about this oil’s properties. In this context, this study aimed to determine a comprehensive physicochemical and thermal characterization of hybrid palm oil (HOPO) compared with the better-known African palm oil (APO). Differences in the distribution of fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocols were observed. Minor differences in density and viscosity were found between the oils, with no relevance for the materials’ processing design. Nevertheless, HOPO showed unique crystallization behavior, which potentially can affect industrial operations, such as fractionation. HOPO did not present the two thermal characteristic regions of APO, attributed to olein and stearin fractions. The HOPO demonstrated a decrease in the melting point of more than 3 °C in relation to APO, and a reduction in the crystallization point of more than 6 °C. Furthermore, besides the higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, HOPO was more stable than APO due to a higher antioxidant content. These results could be useful to establish operation conditions for processes using palm oil from hybrid oil palm.

Dado o papel chave que a Embratur – Agência Brasileira de Promoção Internacional do Turismo tem no turismo nacional, sendo o órgão mais antigo do tipo em atividade, o presente trabalho propôs-se a estudar, de maneira qualitativa e exploratória, a construção de políticas públicas desde sua criação até os dias atuais, analisando as estratégias de promoção do Brasil no exterior. Para isso, realizou-se a análise documental da legislação, planos, programas e ações do órgão de 1966 a 2019. Os resultados foram analisados a partir das perspectivas de pesquisa avaliativa e análise de conteúdo, apontando para questões-chave a serem abordadas a partir de sua mudança de natureza jurídica ocorrida em 2020. As questões-chave são: a marca país; o regime de contratações; o acesso à recursos financeiros e tecnologias para melhor aproveitar os bens turísticos nacionais; a compreensão de sua própria história, a fim de evitar cometer novamente os erros do passado, como a não observação às tendências mundiais em promoção, utilização de linguagem de promoção com conotação sexual (desde as revistas dos anos 70 até o slogan “Brazil, visit and love us” e a falta de política norteadora clara para execução de suas ações.

É crescente a presença de plataformas e serviços de empresas privadas de software no ensino público. Isso traz à tona preocupações que incluem a autonomia tecnológica de redes e instituições, o tratamento de dados estratégicos e sensíveis e a privacidade de alunos, professores, gestores e responsáveis. No entanto, ainda pouco sabemos sobre a extensão dessas parcerias e o teor desses acordos. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise das parcerias estabelecidas entre instituições públicas de ensino superior e redes de ensino com duas empresas associadas ao chamado ‘capitalismo de vigilância’. O trabalho partiu de solicitações realizadas via Lei de Acesso à Informação às secretarias de educação de estados e instituições públicas de ensino superior no Brasil. Os resultados indicam adesão massiva a esses serviços e pouca clareza quanto ao teor das parcerias. Por fim, os dados permitiram a validação e aprimoramento de um script que faz a coleta automática de dados e permite uma visualização atualizada do capitalismo de vigilância na educação brasileira.

Background Checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized advanced melanoma care; however, their cutaneous side effects have not been definitively elucidated. Objective To identify the prevalence of cutaneous toxicity in patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy and/or in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Materials and methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, which encompassed both clinical trials and observational studies describing the dermatological toxicities in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review under the number CRD42018091915. The searches were performed using the CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data Results A total of 9,802 articles were identified in the databases. The final sample comprised 39 studies. The evaluated drugs were ipilimumab, tremelimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab. The results suggest that the most prevalent side effect was grade 1 and 2 pruritus (24%), followed by grade 1 and 2 rash (21%) and grade 1 and 2 vitiligo (10%). Conclusion The most prevalent side effects in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors are pruritus, rash, and vitiligo, and they are rated mostly as grades 1 and 2 adverse events. Remarkably, vitiligo is most commonly found in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors.

Dissertação (mestrado) — Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade de Brasília, 2021.

Background: Evidence has revealed an association between familial hypercholesterolemia and cognitive impairment. In this regard, a connection between cognitive deficits and hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown was found in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice (LDLr–/–), a mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia. Objective: Herein we investigated the impact of a hypercholesterolemic diet on cognition and BBB function in C57BL/6 wild-type and LDLr–/– mice. Methods: Animals were fed with normal or high cholesterol diets for 30 days. Thus, wild-type and LDLr–/– mice were submitted to memory paradigms. Additionally, BBB integrity was evaluated in the mice’s prefrontal cortices and hippocampi. Results: A tenfold elevation in plasma cholesterol levels of LDLr–/– mice was observed after a hypercholesterolemic diet, while in wild-type mice, the hypercholesterolemic diet exposure increased plasma cholesterol levels only moderately and did not induce cognitive impairment. LDLr–/– mice presented memory impairment regardless of the diet. We observed BBB disruption as an increased permeability to sodium fluorescein in the prefrontal cortices and hippocampi and a decrease on hippocampal claudin-5 and occludin mRNA levels in both wild-type and LDLr–/– mice treated with a hypercholesterolemic diet. The LDLr–/– mice fed with a regular diet already presented BBB dysfunction. The BBB-increased leakage in the hippocampi of LDLr–/– mice was related to high microvessel content and intense astrogliosis, which did not occur in the control mice. Conclusion: Therefore, LDLr–/– mice seem to be more susceptible to cognitive impairments and BBB damage induced by exposure to a high cholesterol diet. Finally, BBB disruption appears to be a relevant event in hypercholesterolemia-induced brain alterations.

A Commentary on Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Piece in the Puzzle of COVID-19 Treatment By Saldanha-Araujo F, Melgaço Garcez E, Silva-Carvalho AE and Carvalho JL (2020). Front. Immunol. 11:1563. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01563.

Dissertação (mestrado) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2020.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2009.

Este artigo teve como objetivo verificar se as ferramentas tecnológicas utilizadas no desenvolvimento do ensino remoto pelos/as professores/as que ensinam matemática têm se mostrado adequadas frente às necessidades atuais e quais as dificuldades em relação à tecnologia despendida no processo de ensino. A pesquisa qualitativa de cunho exploratório teve como participantes 42 professores/as de escolas públicas do Distrito Federal que responderam a um questionário contendo quatro perguntas. Os resultados nos mostram que os/as docentes apontam dificuldades de ordem técnica, pedagógica e social, mas reconhecem as possibilidades do uso de tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação em suas aulas e a necessidade da formação continuada.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioética, 2021.

Diante da importância do trabalho de Enfermagem no combate a epidemias e dos desafios impostos pela covid-19 ao exercício da profissão, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar as condições de trabalho e as percepções das profissionais de Enfermagem sobre sua atuação no contexto da pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, a partir de um questionário online, aplicado entre 15 de junho e 1º de julho de 2020, respondido por 445 profissionais. Realizamos análise qualitativa, fundamentada na análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin e Saldaña. No campo das sensações, os relatos das profissionais evidenciam medo, aumento da irritabilidade, sobrecarga de trabalho, tristeza e solidão. A pandemia da covid-19 alterou os processos de trabalho e a organização dos serviços, influenciando no dimensionamento do quantitativo de profissionais, na jornada de trabalho e na modalidade de execução, além de demandar maior vigilância quanto às medidas de prevenção e contágio. As mudanças impactaram no tempo disponibilizado para atendimento, na interação entre profissionais e usuários, e prejudicou a comunicação. A relevância do trabalho de Enfermagem junto às equipes de saúde no enfrentamento à covid-19 no Brasil reforça a necessidade de adoção de medidas eficazes de proteção e preservação da saúde física e mental dessas profissionais.

Países como o Brasil que possuem a Atenção Primária à Saúde como porta de entrada de um sistema de saúde universal têm o potencial de enfrentar a pandemia da COVID-19 de forma transversal e centrada na demanda da comunidade. A experiência do município de Nova Lima apresenta uma reorganização da APS diante da crise sanitária, apoiada nos vínculos estabelecidos no território e na continuidade do cuidado. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de descrever essa experiência municipal em ações baseada na garantia do direito à saúde para os usuários.

To improve the oral absorption of fish oil and test its anti-inflammatory effect, a fish oil nanoemulsion was developed using cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic fatty acid as a biomarker for oral administration. The colloidal stability tests of the fish oil nanoemulsion showed an average size of 155.44 nm ± 6.46 (4 °C); 163.04 nm ± 9.97 (25 °C) and polydispersity index 0.22 ± 0.02 (4 °C), 0.21 ± 0.02 (25 °C), indicating systems with low polydispersity and stable droplets. The fish oil nanoemulsion did not alter the cell viability of the RAW 264.7 macrophages and, at a concentration of 0.024 mg/mL, was kinetically incorporated into the cells after 18 h of contact. The nanoemulsion was maintained in the gastrointestinal region for a significantly shorter period of time (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the intake of fish oil in free form. Inflammatory tests demonstrated that nanoemulsion and fish oil showed less (p ≤ 0.05) neutrophil infiltration after 24h of sepsis induction and there was a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in the volume of paw edema in female adult Balb/c mice who received the nanoemulsion diet compared to the other experimental groups (control, formalin, fish oil and sunflower oil). These results indicate that the fish oil nanoemulsion was significantly effective in the dietary conditions tested here, presenting satisfactory responses in the modulation of inflammatory disorders, demonstrating interesting and beneficial nutraceutical effects.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2009.