Repositório RCAAP

Este trabalho trata do emprego do método de titulação biológica na detecção de toxinas PSP (paralytic shellfish poisopning) em moluscos bivalves ocorrentes no Estado do Ceará (Brasil). Foram preparados extratos musculares de quatro espécies de moluscos: itã= Iphigenia brasiliana; unha-de-velho= Tagellus plebeus; picholeta (fam. unionidae); e sururu= Mytella guyanesis. Os extratos foram inoculados por via intraperitoneal em ratos de laboratório (Musmusculus). As cobaias apresentaram elevadas taxas de sobrevivência.

A morfologia do sistema reprodutivo, o desenvolvimento larval, o período de reprodução e a ooteca de Neritina virginea (Linnaeus, 1758) foram estudadas a partir de material coletado no estuário do Rio Cocó, Estado do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil. O sistema reprodutor da fêmea de N. virginea tem dois gonóporos; o poro vaginal e o poro para a saída da ooteca. A ooteca tem em média 45 ovos, formato circular e geralmente é coberta com grãos de areia. N. virginea tem desenvolvimento intracapsular que leva em média 288 horas. A atividade reprodutiva ocorre durante os meses de julho a dezembro, que corresponde ao período de estiagem na região. Dados de campo e de laboratório são comparados.

The objective of this study is to analyze the main determinants of reservation wages and unemployment duration using as empirical evidence the PPV - Pesquisa de Padrão de Vida from IBGE (1996-1997). For this purpose, two econometric methodologies are used. For reservation wages, we estimate a traditional wage regression model whose main determinant used was unemployment duration. In order to attenuate simultaneity bias, two-stage regressions are used. The results show that unemployment duration negatively affects the workers’ reservation wages. This corroborates international evidence. Regarding the analysis of duration, we estimate proportional hazards models, with and without unobserved heterogeneity. The estimated parameters have the usual signals, except for the dummy for sex. The risk of leaving unemployment raises initially, and then, after including unobserved heterogeneity, shows a non-monotonic profile. These results offer a new perspective to try to understand the changes that have occurred in the Brazilian labor market during the 90’s.

This paper deals with the estimation of conditional quantiles of linear truncated regression models with known truncation point. The truncated quantile model is shown to posses an important property related to or 2 (0, 1), a set of quantiles of the original latent model: truncation-invariance. Truncation-invariance means that there is a one-to-one function F : or ! tr, tr 2 (0, 1) and where tr is a set of quantiles of the truncated variable. That property turns out to be fundamental to identification of the model, as well as estimation and inference. In fact, simplicity is a major appeal of our semi-parametric approach compared to alternatives estimator of truncated models, as it does not require any modification of available software.

XAVIER, Elódia. Clarice Lispector: a família no banco dos réus. Revista de Letras, Fortaleza, v. 1-2, n.29, p. 51-55, 2008.

This work describes the development and study of environmental friendly epoxies anticorrosives paints, which were formulated using zinc phosphate (ZP), zinc molybdate (ZM), zinc and calcium molybdate (ZCM), zinc phosphomolybdate (ZMP) and zinc and calcium phosphomolybdate (MZAP), as safe alternative to more traditional anticorrosive pigments (lead, chromium and other heavy metals). Additionally, environmental considerations are limiting the use of solvent-borne paints because it contibutes to atmospheric pollution and empairs health problems. Thus, hydrosoluble epoxy resin was used in the formulation of the water-borne paints. The aim od this research is to employ molybdate-based pigments in order to check their efficiency in water borne paints. Inhibitive properties of the pigments were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curves, open ciricuit potential (Eoc) and mass loss monitoring during 30 days in immersion test of SAE 1010 steel in aqueous saturated pigment solutions with 10-2 mol dm-3 NaCl. The physical chemical characterization of the corrosion products was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction techniques. All the tests showed that the phosphomolybdate pigments presented the better corrosion inhibiting properties. All the paints were formulated with 16% (v/v) epoxy resin, 7.5 % (v/v) anticorrosive pigment, and additives and fillers in order to maintain the PVC/CPVC ration equal to 0.8. the dry thickness of the painted samples was approximately 120 μm. The paint performance was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) during immersion tests, of the atmospheric exposition and accelerated ensay of salt spray. The thermal stability of the paintings was also studied by thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The impedance diagrams of all painted samples showed only one capacitive loop, with impedance values higher than 109 Ωcm2. Capacitance values varied between 10-6 and 10-10 Fcm-2. The results suggest that the combination of the molybdate and phosphate gives the best inhibitive properties. About the thermal analyses were observed that the molybdates and phosphomolybdates pigments showed the better performances thus in the thermal stability of epoxy resin, because theses pigments showed higher interaction between pigment-resin; just as in the relation the energy involved in the cure process of polymeric film, because these pigments contribued to reduce the heat involved in the cure process

MARTINS, Gilberto Figueiredo. De profundis- experiências do litoral (presença do espaço arquétipo no romance Perto do coração selvagem, de Clarice Lispector). Revista de Letras, Fortaleza, v. 1-2, n. 29, p. 67-78, 2007-2008.

In the present work, a new route was developed for preparing the compound trans-[Fe(cyclam)(NO+)Cl]Cl2, where the nitric oxide is bonding of the iron in the form linear (NO+) with a bond angle Fe-NO at 177,40. The complex was characterized by uv-visible, infrared and electronic paramagnetic resonances spectroscopies, electrochemical techniques and crystal structure determination were undertaken. The study of the photochemical behavior this nitrosyl complex showed the nitric oxide release and appearance of trans-[Fe(cyclam)(H2O)2]3+ species where the compound is irradiated in the λirr=330 nm in aqueous solution pH=3,4. However, when the compound was irradiated in aqueous solution pH=7,04, was observed the reaction of photoreduction and the production of specie trans-[Fe(cyclam)(NO0)Cl]+ (φ=0,4±0,05 mol/einstein). The study of the photochemical behavior of the trans-[Ru(NH3)4L(NO)]Cl3 complexes, where L=ImK2, BzImK2, Caf and Teo showed the nitric oxide production and appearance of trans-[Ru(NH3)4L(Cl)]2+ species, as product of the photolysis in KCl aqueous solution, in the 330-440 nm region when L= ImK2, Caf and Teo and in the λirr=330 nm when L=BzImK2 . The quantum yields (φNO) for this reaction is sensitive to the nature of L, λirr and pH. The lowest quantum yields are found for L=BzImK2 (φNO=0,005±0,0005 mol/einstein) and the higher was observed for the L=Teo (0,68±0,05 mol/einstein). The absence of observable photochemical reaction when these complexes were irradiated on 410-440nm is explained on basis of the changes in character of the lowest energy MLCT band on function of the ligand L. The incorporation of NO in the composition of many molecules is of interest to study the chemical and enzymatic mechanisms of NO release and the pharmacological aspects and biomedical applications of these compounds. Assuming that the N-nitroso compounds belong to a class of NO donors by transferring nitrosyl homolytically or heterolytically to another species, we have performed the nitrosilation reaction of the cyclam species aiming to study the reactivity of a new N-nitrosamine system toward the release of nitric oxide species. The infrared spectrum of [cyclam(NO)4] displays two characteristic bands at 1454 and 1139 cm-1 assigned to the νNO and νNN modes, respectively. The peaks of νN-H observed in the range 3400-3190 cm-1 in the spectrum of thecyclam starting material disappear in the spectrum of [cyclam(NO)4]. Upon white light photolysis of the compound dispersed in KBr, is observed the decrease of the νNO and νNN and of the appearance of a new band at 2228 cm-1, assigned to the νNO+ stretching mode. This indicates that the [cyclam(NO)4] compound under this photolysis conditions behaves as a nitrosyl donor through an heterolytic cleavage of N-NO bond.

The Petroleum Asphaltic Cement characterized as CAP 50/60, produced at the state of Espírito Santo (Fazenda Alegre), was modified by addition of copolymers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and EVA from the footwear’s industry residue (EVAR). The original and modified CAPS were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN). Thermal analysis,as thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), was used to evaluate the thermal stability of the samples. The characterization was also performed with empirical tests such as penetration, softening point, elastic recovery and viscosity. The main results indicated that polymer modified CAPS presented larger thermal stability in oxidative atmosphere than in inert atmosphere. The analysis of DSC curves revealed that modified CAPS, when submitted to lower temperatures, were more resistant to the thermal cracks than conventional CAP. Also modified CAPS showed to be more resistant to the thermal oxidative decomposition, when submitted to a simulated aging process. The viscosity of the polymer modified binder was increased in relation to the original binder. Polymer modified CAP EVAR presented non-Newtonian behavior, whereas Newtonian behavior was observed for unmodified CAP. It was observed that modifying the asphalt binder with a copolymer EVAR leads to an improvement in the physical properties in relation to the penetration, softening point, thermal susceptibility and elastic recovery

Two clays of the smectites type, a montmorillonite from the region of Campina Grande (Pb) and the stevensite of Marrocos were used in the process of intercalation and pillarization. Through the results of spectrophotometry of atomic absorption ICP-AES the chemical composition of the montmorillonite was determined as(Na0,43K0,22Ca0,09)(Al1,48,Mg0,18,Fe0,34)2Si4O10(OH)2. By the same process, the composition of the stevensite was determined as (Li0.09Na0.04K0.03Ca0,05)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Fe,Al)4O10(OH)2. The values of the specific areas were 29 m2.g-1 and 228 m2.g-1, before the intercalation and 106 m2.g-1 and 219 m2.g-1, after the pillarization, for the montmorillonite and stevensite, respectively. The clays were submitted to a treatment for removal of the organic matter and then transformed in the homoionic type with NaCl, and inserted with aluminium complex and pillarization at 500 oC. Through thermogravimetric analysis and X-Ray diffractometry, it was evaluated the influence of the organic matter in the intercalation of the clays. The results showed that the more stable samples were those submitted to treatment with hypochlorate. The stevensite presented catalytic activity of about 15% above the capacity of the montmorillonite, whose maximum was 50% at 315 oC. Its percentage of isomerization however, in the order of 82%, was about 13% more than for stevensite. The production of isomers of the Mono and Di type were similar for the two clays, being of 84% and 16% respectively. The predominant isomers for both clays were 3-methylheptane and 2-4-dimethylhexane. Despite the catalytic activities of the pillared clays having not reached the same levels for zeolites as ZSM-22, the isomerization relative percentages exceeded the figures reported for this zeolite, at the temperature where the activities of these clays are maximum.

This research work describes the synthesis, characterization, reactivity and properties of new complexes of ruthenium with the ligands o-phenylenediamine, oaminophenol, catechol, naphtalenediol, dopamine and adrenaline and the mer-[RuIIICl3(dppb)(H2O)] complex. Also, it describes a new metal-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of the interaction o-phenylenediamine ligand and the mer- [RuIIICl3(dppb)(H2O)] complex. The mer-[RuIIICl3(dppb)(H2O)] complex has shown to be a versatile compound as starting material. The reaction of this compound with the o-phenylenediamine ligand produced a mixture of compounds with the bqdi and opda forms of the o-phenylene ligand, the trans-[RuIICl2(dppb)(bqdi)] and trans-[RuIICl2(dppb)(opda)] complexes, that it was confirmed for the observation of two singlet signals at d 47 and d 26 in the 31P{1H} NMR spectrum. One very first assignment suggests that the opda ligand is oxidized to bqdi form during the reaction, according to mechanism proposed in this work. However, the product of the reaction between the o-phenylenediamine ligand and the mer-[RuIIICl3(dppb)H2O] complex by the slow addition of the ligand showed only one signal at d 26 in the 31P{1H} NMR spectrum, indicating that the trans-[RuIICl2(dppb)(bqdi)] complex is preferentially produced. This complex was characterized by the elemental analysis, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques and its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Aiming to reinforce the proposed mechanism, we conducted the reaction of the o-phenylenediamine ligand with the [RuIICl2(dppb)(PPh3)] complex. Since the ruthenium metal center is already in the reduced state, it will not promote any redox change in the ligand. Thus, the complex produced showed only one signal at d 26 in the 31P{1H} NMR spectrum, indicating the formation of the trans-[RuIICl2(dppb)(opda)] complex that it was characterized by the elemental analysis, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques and its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds isolated of type trans-[RuIICl2(dppb)(X)], X = quinone, dopamine and adrenaline and cis-[RuIICl2(dppb)(L)], L = o-aminophenol in the quinonoide form and bqdi, were characterized by the spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques.

Lung cancer is configured with as a great public health problem in the world. From a rare disease in the past, its incidence has changed in several countries in recent years, which was observed mainly in females. Thus, the research aimed to survey the research developed on the theme, especially the change in the distribution of histological types of lung cancer. A bibliographic study, developed from original articles, review articles, theses and dissertations, journals indexed in Medline, Lilacs, NCBI, Capes, Scielo, BIREME and Pub Med data basis, written in English and Portuguese as well as books written about lung neoplasia, a total of 49 sources surveyed. The results showed that the rates of new cases and mortality are higher in developed countries, especially in the United States of America (USA) and Europe. Although controversial, it is likely that women are more susceptible to lung cancer than men. These gender differences are largely related to smoking. However, both in men and women, the prevention, in other words, the anti-smoking combat, major risk factor of this neoplasia, is a measure of public health priority.

BARBOSA, Vânia Maria Castelo; MORAES, Vera Lucia Albuquerque de. A linguagem de Clarice Lispector como desautomatização da vida. Revista de Letras, Fortaleza, v.1-2, n. 29, p.81-84, 2007-2008.

According to the World Health Organization 42 millions of people aged over 3 years old have some kind of audio loss. In Brazil, there are no data in population level about the importance of hearing loss, but estimates show that 1,5% of the Brazilian population is a bearer of any hearing problem. Hearing alterations are considered by WHO, problems of public health and can, in many cases, be minimized and even be avoided through a primary attention in audiology with the insertion of audio health programs, reducing costs with specialized attendance. About this aspect, the objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge of professionals working at Family Health Care Program of UBASF Cesar Cals about hearing health. Thus, 19 interviews with FHCP (Family Health Care Program) professionals were made in order to define analytical categories to posterior discussion. It’s important to reinforce that the results evidenced lack of knowledge and sensibility of professionals concerning audio loss as one of the main reasons to the non-fulfillment of hearing health promotion. This way, the lack of training or orientation about the issue has also contributed to the non-recognition of hearing loss as a health problem in the area and the non- practicality of its prevention.Thus, we conclude that there is a necessity that the prevention measures of hearing health problems could be adopted, having as a starting point the sensitivity and the training of the FHCP staff.

O acidente do trabalho, ocorrência freqüente na vida do trabalhador, é, desde os primórdios dos tempos, uma preocupação para aqueles que lutam para sobreviver. A presente pesquisa dedicou-se ao estudo dos acidentes do trabalho fatais ocorridos com eletricitários ligados direta ou indiretamente à concessionária de energia elétrica do Estado do Ceará no período de 1998 a 2004. Os dados foram obtidos de 3 fontes. Dispostos em tabelas e analisados obtendo-se como resultado que 33 trabalhadores do setor elétrico, todos do sexo masculino, foram vítimas de acidentes do trabalho fatais; sendo que destes somente 13 haviam sido notificados com tal, a média de idade foi de 33anos; 60% eram casados; 76% tinham filhos; 70% das vítimas fatais eram eletricistas; 48% das vítimas tinham menos de 1 ano de serviço; 15% eram sindicalizados; 82% eram trabalhadores de empresas terceirizadas; 66% das vítimas morreu em decorrência de choque elétrico, sendo a média tensão a mais freqüente; os MMSS e as queimaduras foram os locais e as lesões mais encontradas; o ano de 1999 registrou o maior número de acidentes fatais e 68% aconteceram no horário comercial; 91% dos acidentes aconteceram no Interior do Estado; 83% aconteceram em vias públicas. Encontrou-se 21% de concordância entre as 3 fontes pesquisadas e 52% entre 2 fontes. Concluiu-se a ocorrência de um aumento acentuado do número de acidentes do trabalho fatais no setor elétrico no período de 1998 a 2002, o qual corresponde ao início da privatização da concessionária de energia elétrica do Ceará.

SILVA , Odalice de Castro. Para ouvir uma poética. Revista de Letras, Fortaleza, v. 1-2, n. 29, p. 115-121, 2007-2008.

The directions considered in the Statute for Protection of the Child and the Adolescent with respect to guarantee of the rights and integral protection to infancy and youth place the school and the establishments of health as protagonists in the identification of children and adolescents in situation of risk for domestic violence and attribute to the educator and to the professional of health the task to recognize and to communicate to the protection agencies infancy and youth, as form of preventing the damages the development human being in this stage of the life. Where it almost weighs the advances reached in twenty years of validity of the Statute for Protection of the Child and the Adolescent, still it prevails, in the current days, a resistance on the part of these professionals in assuming its parcel of responsibility in the confrontation of the domestic violence. Under this optics, the research was carried through that had as objective to identify the attitude of the educators of the municipal net of education of Fortaleza-CE, how much to the notification of identified cases suspicious or of the Child and Adolescent domestic violence in its daily one of work. The action methodology constituted in the distribution of daily pay-structuralized questionnaires the educators of 40 institutions of education of the six Regional Executive Secretariats of Fortaleza, Together with the questionings they had been you deliver the informed consent form free and clarified, that make possible to the educator the decision freedom how much the participation. The gotten results, from 454 answered questionnaires (80.5%), had been inserted in a data base, and later systemize in tables and graphs for analyses. The quarrel was carried through collating the results gotten with theoretical recitals of researchers of the area of the domestic violence. It was observed that referring to a bigger perception of the violence associated with the partner-demographic data of the educators, they had been evidenced as favorable aspects, the prevalence of the feminine sex (p=0,002), in the band of the 2 5 wages of reference (p=0,015), considering only its familiar income, beyond the double hours of working with pupils in different age group (p<0,001). Considering the distribution it enters the six Regional Executive Secretariats of Fortaleza, demonstrated a strong diversity how much to the perception of the occurrences. The “externalização” on the part of the child or vitimizado adolescent, it was the main manifestation perceived for the educators in the identification of bad-treatments (71,2%). Still in regards to the perception, the recklessness was the form that more excited recognition (34,7%), followed of the physical (30,0%), psychological violence (24,6%) and finally, the sexual violence (10,7%). How much to the procedure of interruption of the vitimização, the sexual violence was the one that received greater intervention and communication. It was still evidenced, practical of the attempt of “solution the caretaker” in the resolution of the cases evidenced in the schools/searched day-care centers, with story of the same ones to the fellow workers, the direction of the school or the proper family of the victim, without the had provocation to the competent agencies. The attitude of the educators ahead of the bad-treatments certainly elapses of a complexity of sociological factors and cultural values that they efficiently need to be worked. Stand out-section in this aspect, the fact of few professionals to have participated of qualification on the subject of the domestic violence, the spite of the unanimous story of interest in the update on the subject. Thus the carried through reflections, stand out that it is of basic importance that if it reflects on knowing them and practical of the involved professionals in the basic and basic educational orientation, in the direction to promote and to make possible the enrollment of this professional in the development and integral protection of the child and adolescent, being thus fulfilled the social paper, pedagogical politician and.

BEZERRA, Carlos Eduardo; SILVA, Telma Maciel da. Minhas queridas. Revista de Letras, Fortaleza, v. 1-2, n. 29, p. 125-126, 2007-2008.

Histoplasmosis is an infection disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum that can affect humans and several other animal. This fungus can be found in nature, mainly in places rich in bat and bird droppings: dirty and abandoned chicken coops, cave environments, old constructions, building domes and hollow trees. The infection in humans occurs through the upper airways. Since the HIV outbreak in the 1980s, it is noticed an increasing detection of disseminated histoplasmosis among aids patients assisted in reference clinics of Fortaleza, suggesting the Brazilian State of Ceará as an area with high endemicity related to this fungus. The purpose of this study is to identify histoplasmosis infection prevalence among HIV/aids-infected patients, who live in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. It is a transverse, descriptive and analytic study, with a sample of 161 patients observed at the HIV/aids ambulatory from José de Alencar Center of Medical Specialties, and when invited, agreed to participate. For this, they filled in a form, took an intradermal test with histoplasmin (mycelial phase, provided by Fiocruz – RJ), and had their blood collected to serology via immunodiffusion (commercial antigens and antibodies from Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides immitis were provided by Immy Immunodiagnostics laboratory). The general characterization of patients revealed that, on average, most participants were 35,11 years old, men (76,40%; n=123), single (67,70%, n=109), with a maximum family income of three minimum salaries (81,99%; n=132), and having more than 10 years of education (44,10%; n=71). Their previous employment situation had a variable distribution, although the majority of the group is currently unemployed. A number of 137 patients (85,10%) live in houses, and Messejana was the most informed quarter by the participants (8,7%; n=14). The year of 2008 had the most frequent HIV diagnoses among patients, with 66,46% (n=107). The prevalence of histoplasmosis infection among HIV/aids-infected patients, who live in the city of Fortaleza, was 12,42%. Some variables, such as the presence of chicken coops in the patient’s current neighborhood (p=0,031), the presence of mango trees in the current residence (p=0,023), dealing with soil in the past (p=0,021) and visiting small farms in the past (p=0,009) proved to be significant to the Histoplasma infection. However, the use of antiretroviral medication and having or not AIDS did not influence the reactivity to histoplasmin (both p=1,000). It can be concluded that Fortaleza constitutes an area with significant prevalence of histoplasmosis infection, considering that the analyzed population referred to people with suppression of the immune response. This result points out the necessity of identifying patients at risk for histoplasmosis, and also of implementing prophylactic measures on those susceptible to the severe forms of this disease.

A infecção hospitalar é atualmente a mais freqüente e importante causa de óbito de pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Para conhecer a dimensão desse problema em um Hospital Pediátrico que possui um atendimento terciário localizado no Ceará, foi realizado um estudo de coorte prospectivo de todas as crianças internadas na UTIP no período de 01 de agosto de 2007 a 31 de janeiro de 2008. Uma coorte de 66 pacientes foi seguida da internação a alta ou óbito. Ao todo 18 variáveis do paciente e hospitalares foram pesquisadas em cada membro da coorte. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram: Mann-Whitney e o teste exato de FISCHER’S, o cálculo do risco relativo com os respectivos intervalos de confiança. Em seguida procedeu-se a análise multivariada com transformação para regressão logística dos fatores mais significativos (p<0,05). Ao final, um fator foi selecionado como preditor independente da infecção hospitalar: intubação orotraqueal (OR=2,29, IC95%=1,38 a 3,82). A incidência de infecção hospitalar foi de 54,6% (35IH/64pacientes). As bactérias mais prevalentes dos casos confirmados foram os bacilos gram-negativos (73,3%). A internação dos pacientes com infecção hospitalar foi de 2,9 vezes superior a internação dos pacientes não acometido. A probabilidade de óbito global esperado foi de 13% e a observada foi de 43,9%. Este estudo poderá ser útil para futuras estratégias com vistas a diminuir a morbimortalidade por infecção hospitalar.