Repositório RCAAP

Realizou-se um estudo detalhado e comparado da morfologia externa do tórax e apêndices de duas espécies de Charaxinae, Zaretis itys itylus (Westwood, 1850) e Agrias claudina annetta (Gray, 1832). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com outros já publicados e relacionados com morfologia externa de outros Nymphalidae (Brassolinae, Morphinae, Danainae e Ithomiinae), Lycaenidae, Saturniidae e Sphingidae.

Drosophila speciosa sp. nov. from: Belém, Pará, Brazil, is described and morphologically compared to a closely related species, D. aguape Val & Marques, 1996. Adult specimens of D. speciosa sp. nov. were collected while visiting T. speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. flowers in EMBRAPA's Theobroma Linnaeus germoplasm collections (113 individuals) in Belém and in Caxiuanã Scientific Station, in Melgaço, Pará, Brazil (four individuals). Emergent were obtained from T. speciosum flowers in both localities being four adults in Caxiuanã and 532 in EMBRAPA. Other eight emergencies were registered from Passiflora edulis Sims flowers in Curuçá, Pará, Brazil.

Macrostomus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1805), the type-species of Macrostomus Wiedemann, 1817 and Porphyrochroa palliata (Coquillett, 1902), the type-species of Porphyrochroa Melander, 1927 are redescribed and figured from the types. Both Neotropical genera are considered sistergroups and their synapomorphies are presented. The species belonging to both genera, and those Neotropical species remaining in the heterogeneous group Rhamphomyia Meigen, 1822 are listed. A key to genera is provided, 25 species are transferred to Porphyrochroa: P. abdominalis (Bezzi, 1905) comb. nov., P. argyrina (Bezzi, 1909) comb. nov., P. barueri (Smith, 1962) comb. nov., P. carrerai (Smith, 1962) comb. nov., P. catarinae (Smith, 1962) comb. nov., P. cyanogaster (Wheeler & Melander, 1901) comb. nov., P. digitata (Smith, 1962) comb. nov., P. distinctipennis (Smith, 1962) comb. nov., P. divisa (Smith, 1962) comb. nov., P. dolichocera (Bezzi, 1905) comb. nov., P. fasciventris (Curran, 1931), P. furcifer (Wheeler & Melander, 1901) comb. nov., P. galactodes (Bezzi, 1909) comb. nov., P. juri (Smith, 1962) comb. nov., P. micrargyra (Bezzi, 1909) comb. nov., P. monstrosa (Bezzi, 1909) comb. nov., P. mundurucu (Smith, 1962) comb. nov., P. mura (Smith, 1962) comb. nov., P. orthoneura (Bezzi, 1905) comb. nov., P. palliata (Coquillett, 1902), P. penicillata (Bezzi, 1909) comb. nov., P. perpulchra (Bezzi, 1909) comb. nov., P. pulchriventris (Bezzi, 1905) comb. nov., P. rotundipennis (Bezzi, 1905) comb. nov., P. seticauda (Smith, 1963) comb. nov., P. variseta (Smith, 1962) comb. nov. and P. wiedemanni (Smith, 1962) comb. nov. A lectotype is designated for P. palliata (Coquillett, 1902).

O girino de Lysapsus laevis (Parker, 1935) é descrito e figurado, com base em exemplares coletados na Vila Surumu, Estado de Roraima, Brasil. No estágio 37, o girino possui 61,4 mm de comprimento total; corpo triangular em vista lateral, ovóide em vistas dorsal e ventral, correspondendo a 28% do comprimento total; olhos laterais, parcialmente visíveis em vistas dorsal e ventral; disco oral ânteroventral, pequeno; fórmula dentária, 2(2)/3(1); espiráculo curto, sinistro; tubo anal longo, largo, direito, mediano; em vida, dorso do corpo verde, ventre branco iridescente; musculatura caudal e nadadeiras verdes; terço anterior da nadadeira caudal e tubo anal com manchas irregulares iridescentes; metade distal da cauda cinza a cinza escuro; íris bronze. Notas sobre o ambiente, hábitos e desenvolvimento são apresentadas.

No presente trabalho foi estudada a utilização do pólen de Mabea fistulifera Mart. como alimento para Euseius citrifolius Denmark &amp; Muma, 1970. O experimento foi conduzido em BOD a 25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 10% UR e 12 h de fotofase. Pólen de Typha angustifolia L. e Ricinus communis L. foram utilizados para comparação, por serem considerados alimentos favoráveis para manutenção dessa espécie. Cada alimento foi avaliado em três períodos de estocagem a 10ºC: recém coletados a 11 dias (Pólen I); de 15 a 26 dias (Pólen II) e de 30 a 41 dias (Pólen III). A eficiência de cada alimento foi baseada na taxa média de oviposição de 11 dias consecutivos. Para cada tratamento foram utilizadas cinco fêmeas sobre uma arena feita com folha de limoeiro, sendo replicado 10 vezes. As taxas média de oviposição de cada tratamento foram comparadas através da ANOVA, complementada com o teste de Bonferroni. O índice de correlação de Pearson foi utilizado para relacionar a taxa de oviposição com o período de estocagem. Houve diferenças significativas entre alguns tratamentos (F = 4,78, df = 89, p < 0,0001): fêmeas alimentadas com pólen III de M. fistulifera apresentaram maiores taxas de oviposição do que aquelas alimentadas com seu pólen I e III de R. communis. Ácaros alimentados com pólen II de T. angustifolia apresentaram maiores taxas de oviposição do que os alimentados com pólen III de R. communis. Fêmeas alimentadas apenas com pólen de R. communis apresentaram correlação negativa entre a taxa de oviposição e período de estocagem do pólen. Os resultados mostraram que fêmeas de E. citrifolius utilizaram pólen de M. fistulifera como alimento, sendo seu valor nutritivo comparável com o de T. angustifolia. Além disso, apresentou grande durabilidade quando armazenado a 10°C.

Apesar dos 561,4 km e de aproximadamente 300 praias e vários estuários ao longo da costa catarinense, informações sobre as aves associadas aos ambientes de influência marítima são escassos. Durante o período de abril/2002 a maio/2003 foram realizados censos trimestrais na avifauna com o objetivo de determinar a composição e abundância dos agrupamentos, diversidade, equitabilidade e similaridade ao longo do litoral de Santa Catarina. Foram realizados 28 censos, sendo efetuados quatro por sítio e registradas a ocorrência de 62 espécies em bandos mistos, onde as aves marinhas costeiras e algumas limícolas foram as mais freqüentes e abundantes.

Objetivando-se caracterizar a densidade, abundância relativa, freqüência de ocorrência, diversidade específica e associação de espécies do macrozooplâncton oceânico da "Zona Econômica Exclusiva" foi realizado o presente estudo. A região prospectada encontra-se localizada entre os paralelos 7º28'56"S - 34º32'45"W, referente a segunda expedição oceanográfica do Programa REVIZEE/NE, realizada pelo Noc. Antares da DHN/Marinha do Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas com rede de plâncton tipo bongo com malha de 300 e 500µm, no período de 31/01 a 07/02/97 em 21 estações, totalizando 42 amostras. Foram identificados 78 taxa. A densidade total dos organismos (exceto Copepoda) variou de 2,31 a 6,06 org.m-3 (estações 55 e 56) e, para os Copepoda de 0,99 a 4,75 org.m-3 (estações 48 e 57). Em termos de freqüência de ocorrência Crustacea e Chaetognatha foram muito freqüentes; Cnidaria e Teleostei (ovos e larvas) freqüentes; Mollusca, Annelida e Chordata pouco freqüentes e Protozoa raros. A diversidade específica variou de 0,648 a 4,037 ind.bits-1. A equitabilidade variou de 0,279 a 1,0. Os baixos valores de diversidade e equitabilidade ocorreram devido à dominância de Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849) e Calanopia americana F. Dahl, 1894. A análise cofenética revelou um r < 0,8, demonstrando não haver grupos diferentes de Copepoda na região. A espécie de Copepoda dominante foi Undinula vulgaris, ocorrendo em todas as estações independente da malha coletora. O holoplâncton foi mais representativo, e o meroplâncton esteve representado por larvas de Decapoda e Teleostei (ovos e larvas).

Nests of Centris tarsata Smith, 1874 were obtained from trap-nests in areas of dry semi-deciduous forest (Baixa Grande) and caatinga (Ipirá), in the State of Bahia. Nesting occurred in bamboo canes and in tubes of black cardboard with 5.8 cm (= small tube) and 10.5 cm (= large tube) in length and 0.6 and 0.8 cm in diameter, respectively. In both areas C. tarsata nested during the wet season producing four generations in Baixa Grande and three generations in Ipirá. The immatures of one generation underwent diapause at both sites. The bees constructed their nests with a mixture of sand and oil. In general, the cells were elongated and arranged in linear series with its opening pointing towards the nest entrance. Completed nests had two to three cells in small tubes, one to seven cells in large tubes, and two to 13 cells in bamboo canes. The nest plug resembled an uncompleted cell and was externally covered with oil. The cells were provisioned with pollen, oil, and nectar. Nests were parasitized by Mesocheira bicolor (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and other not identify bee species.

Este estudo foi realizado no Parque Nacional de Superagüi (PNS) e na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural de Volta Velha (RPPN), ambas áreas de Mata Atlântica, nos Estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina, no sul do Brasil. Morcegos foram capturados em redes de neblina e amostras fecais foram coletadas para análise da dieta. As sementes encontradas em cada amostra foram identificadas em laboratório por meio de lupa. Cento e trinta e sete exemplares de Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) foram capturados (n = 47 no PNS, n = 90 na RPPN), e 25 e 32 amostras fecais foram coletadas para cada área, respectivamente. A dieta frugívora de A. lituratus computou de 81 a 88% do total dos itens alimentares, mostrando a importância dos frutos para esta espécie.

As comunidades de Sphingidae da área de brejo e área de caatinga foram estudadas com armadilhas luminosas, durante 12 meses (março/2000 a fevereiro/2001), com o objetivo de conhecer a diversidade e estabelecer alguns parâmetros para o monitoramento dessas áreas. Dezenove espécies foram coletadas, sendo 15 na área de brejo e 14 na área de caatinga. Dez espécies foram comuns às áreas, 15 foram coletadas apenas no brejo e quatro na caatinga. Callionima grisescens elegans (Gehlen, 1935) foi a espécie mais abundante nas duas áreas. A distribuição da abundância de espécies no brejo segue o modelo log normal truncado. Na caatinga o padrão de distribuição de abundância de espécies não foi discriminado pelo teste chi2, embora evidências indiretas indicam uma tendência para o modelo série log. Os parâmetros estruturais das assembléias foram estimados a partir de índices de diversidade. No brejo, enquanto a equitatividade foi maior, os índices de Shannon e Brillouin superam àqueles da caatinga. Nessa localidade, os índices de Simpson e Berger-Parker são muito maior devido a uma maior dominância. A flutuação populacional para ambas as assembléias, mostraram que suas populações são afetadas pela distribuição de chuvas durante o ano, ou mais precisamente, pelo período de reposição de água no solo, como demonstrado pelo balanço hídrico.

O presente estudo foi realizado no Vale do Taquari, região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Entre dezembro de 2001 e dezembro de 2002 foi realizado um estudo sobre a predação de Cichlidae por Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) através de análise das escamas encontradas nas fezes de lontra. Foi identificada a predação sobre Gimnogeophagus labiatus (Hensel, 1870) e Crenicichla punctata Hensel, 1870, e a ocorrência destas espécies de peixe na dieta é mais elevada do que sua disponibilidade relativa no ambiente. Foi encontrada uma correlação positiva entre o tamanho do peixe e das escamas, permitindo a construção de uma curva de regressão para estimar o tamanho dos peixes predados baseado no tamanho das escamas encontradas nas fezes de lontra. Neste estudo, os ciclídeos mais frequentemente predados variaram no comprimento entre 100 e 150 mm e no peso entre 22 e 37 g.

The beetle superfamily Curculionoidea includes 43 species associated with Araucaria angustifolia trees in South Brazil. These weevil species belong to the families Nemonychidae (Brarus Kuschel, 1997, Rhynchitoplesius Voss, 1952), Brentidae (Taphroderes Schönherr, 1826) and Curculionidae, the latter including the subfamilies Curculioninae (Heilipodus Kuschel, 1955, Spermologus Schönherr, 1843), Cossoninae (Araucarius Kuschel, 1966, Eurycorynophorus Voss, 1964), Scolytinae (Ambrosiodmus Hopkins, 1915, Araptus Eichhoff, 1871, Cnesinus LeConte, 1868, Corthylus Erichson, 1836, Cryptocarenus Eggers, 1936, Hypothenemus Westwood, 1834, Monarthrum Kirsch, 1866, Pagiocerus Eichhoff, 1868, Phloeotribus Latreille, 1896, Pityophthorus Eichhoff, 1864, Xylechinosomus Schedl, 1963, Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864, Xyleborinus Reitter, 1913) and Platypodinae (Cenocephalus Chapuis, 1865, Platypus Herbst, 1893, Tesserocerus Saunders, 1836). A checklist of all species including remarks on their life histories and taxonomic notes are presented. In addition, a key for the identification of adult Curculionoidea associated with Araucaria angustifolia to genus or species level is provided.

Brasilochondria riograndensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Copepoda, Chondracanthidae) a parasite of the flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1839), is described. The new genus has a spherical head a post-mandibular "neck" and two pairs of modified biramous legs. In these respects, it resembles Argentinochondria patagonensis Etchegoin, Timi &amp; Sardella, 2003. In the Argentine genus, however, the bulbous head has a medial constriction and the posterior of the female lacks the lateral extensions that are present in the new genus. Pseudolernentoma brasiliensis Luque &amp; Alves, 2003, also resembles the new genus but it lacks the lateral extensions of the trunk and the latter is cylindrical rather than flat. The second leg of the new genus is small and the endopod is shorter than the exopod. The other two genera have large second legs with subequal rami.

This article proposes to estimate the growth elasticity of poverty and inequality of poverty and decompose the change in the poverty of its main determinants: growth and poverty. So, we followed a similar methodology in Besley, Burgess and Volart (2005). We used the information from PNAD's for the years 1995 to 2007, except 2000, for measures of poverty P0, P1 and P2, with data in the panel for 27 units of the federation in Brazil. Specification tests point to an estimation with elasticities varying between states. The results indicate a large inter-state disparities in growth elasticities of poverty, where the units of the federation are also the less wealthy who have lower growth elasticity of poverty. The decomposition of poverty variation indicates only the units of the federation AP, RJ, RR, RS and SP showed elasticity effect of growth above the national average, together with further growth of national income on average (for P0). Furthermore, BA, CE, MA, MS, MT, PB, PI, RN, SE and TO show elasticity growth below the national average in conjunction with lower growth in income on the national average (for P0). Very similar result is found for P1 and P2.

This article proposes to estimate the growth elasticity of poverty and inequality of poverty and decompose the change in the poverty of its main determinants: growth and poverty. So, we followed a similar methodology in Besley, Burgess and Volart (2005). We used the information from PNAD's for the years 1995 to 2007, except 2000, for measures of poverty FGT(0), FGT(1) and FGT(2), with data in the panel for 27 units of the federation in Brazil. Specification tests point to an estimation with elasticities varying between states. The results indicate a large inter-state disparities in growth elasticities of poverty, where the units of the federation are also the less wealthy who have lower growth elasticity of poverty. The decomposition of poverty variation indicates only the units of the federation AP, RJ, RR, RS and SP showed elasticity effect of growth above the national average, together with further growth of national income on average (for FGT(0)). Furthermore, BA, CE, MA, MS, MT, PB, PI, RN, SE and TO show elasticity growth below the national average in conjunction with lower growth in income on the national average (for FGT(0)). Very similar result is found for FGT(1) and FGT(2).

Using information on US domestic financial data only, we build a stochastic discount factor—SDF— and check whether it accounts for foreign markets stylized facts that escape consumption based models. By interpreting our SDF as the projection of a pricing kernel from a fully specified model in the space of returns, our results indicate that a model that accounts for the behavior of domestic assets goes a long way toward accounting for the behavior of foreign assets prices. We address predictability issues associated with the forward premium puzzle by: i) using instruments that are known to forecast excess returns in the moments restrictions associated with Euler equations, and; ii) by pricing Lustig and Verdelhan (2007)’s foreign currency portfolios. Our results indicate that the relevant state variables that explain foreign-currency market asset prices are also the driving forces behind U.S. domestic assets behavior. Keywords: Equity Premium Puzzle, Forward Premium Puzzle, Return-Based Pricing Kernel.

The chemical composition of eight commercially available of gutta-percha cones brands was determined and the results correlated with the apical seal ability. These brands were: (AnalyticÔ, DentsplyÔ, DiadentÔ, MetaÔ, ObturaÔ, OdusÔ, TanariÔ and UltimateÔ). The gutta-percha cones components (ZnO, BaSO4, gutta-percha, wax and resins) were initially obtained by Frideman et al 38 method. The composition of cones was obtained by gravimetric analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. The gutta-percha polymer was characterized by thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), intrinsic viscosity, gel permeation chromatography, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance. The method described by Friedman et al 38 was appropriated to quantify gutta-percha and resin/wax components of cones, but led to overestimation of barium sulphate and zinc oxide. An average increase in the amount of barium sulfate of 3.5% in relation to the corrected BaSO4 mass value and of 43.6% in relation to cone mass was observed. Gutta-percha content range from 14.5 to 20.4% and zinc oxide from 62.8 to 84.3%. Barium sulphate was not detected in three of these brands (DentsplyÔ, OdusÔ and TanariÔ). TGA analysis shows that the inorganic residue obtained in this technique is similar of the inorganic residues observed in the gravimetric analysis. Crystal phases of gutta-percha polymer were identified by DSC. AnalyticÔ, DiadentÔ, MetaÔ, ObturaÔ, OdusÔ and TanariÔ brands presents endothermic peak characteristic of b-guttapercha. In the other two brands the polymer is present in the a-phase. Molar mass determination by viscometric analysis shows similar values of seven brands in the average of 1.0 x 105 to 1.6 x 105 g/mol, however the polymer present in the TanariÔ brand has lower molar mass (5.6 x 104 g/mol). Similar results were obtained by GPC. 11 The polymer present in the eight brands were analysed by IV and NMR, transpolyisoprene was identified as the main polymer component in the gutta-percha cones. The infiltration results of five brands (DentsplyÔ, TanariÔ, ObturaÔ, OdusÔ and AnalyticÔ ) indicates that the small amount of gutta percha and also the presence of the a-phase in the DentsplyÔ brand may be responsible for the high infiltration observed. A poor sealing ability was observed for brands with gutta-percha content lower than 16%.

This paper explores the link between environmental policy and economic growth by employing an extension of the AK Growth Model. We include a state equation for renewable natural resources. We assume that the change in environmental regulations induces costs and that economic agents also derive some utility from capital stock accumulation vis-`a-vis the environment. Using the Hopf bifurcation theorem, we show that cyclical environmental policy strategies are optimal, providing theoretical support for the Environmental Kuznets Curve.

The development of alloys that are resistant to corrosion and good wear resistance led to several studies on the electrodeposition field. With the intention of carry out alloys with good mechanic properties, associated to a high corrosion resistance, Zn-Mn alloys have been frequently studied in the last years, once they offer better anticorrosive characteristics when compared to metallic zinc films, usually used in the conventional industry. This work aimed obtain and characterize Zn-Mn alloy electrodeposited on platinum electrode and metallic cooper from solutions composed by sulfate salts from the metals previously mentioned. Zn-Mn alloys were studied by using of cyclic and linear voltammetry, and also chronoamperommetry, in which all samples were obtained in bath without agitation, room temperature, 25º C, on different current densities. The physical and morphological structure of the alloys that have been obtained were analyzed by using technique such as scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive energy (XDE), varying parameters such as: current density applied, pH, deposition temperature and reagents concentration in the bath. In order to analyze the chemical structure of the species formed on the alloy mentioned, a x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used with the samples obtained in cooper electrode. From the results obtained through voltammetric analyses, it is possible to determine the potential of reduction and oxidation of Zn-Mn alloy, which occurred separately to zinc and manganese. It was possible to observe that the manganese in the alloy appears as the oxide and the zinc as an isolated metal. Through XRD analysis, it was possible to determine the phases in which the Zn-Mn species appears in the alloy, and also isolated zinc and manganese. The best results were obtained when was applied 10mA.cm-2 current density; pH 6,0; room temperature and 1:1 proportion of zinc and manganese in the electrolytic bath.

The scientific and technological advances and changes that occur in society impose the need for a comprehensive initial training, as well as a constant improvement of those that are directly linked to the teaching-learning process. Thus, the technical and scientific knowledge related to chemistry and life sciences and the field of knowledge and teaching strategies, is to add features and discussions related to specific students. It is argued in this paper, the need to expand teacher training focused on the theme of education for children, youth and adults with disabilities - specifically the education of the deaf. It is known that the teacher acts in the neurobiological changes that produce learning, but the vast majority know how the brain works, what the specific needs and activities should be planned to enable the success of the process, even in deaf students, that have specific characteristics, especially language. This study was conducted in four public schools in the state of Fortaleza. Interviews were conducted with 10 teachers and 10 interpreters, and the application of two neuropsychological tests (Rey and NEUPSILIN) to 60 students (40 deaf and 20 listeners). As a result, there was the unpreparedness of teachers to work with this audience, noticeable by the absence of specific methodologies and the difficulty of interaction, since the teachers do not master the language, in addition to sign language for lack of terms specific to the disciplines of biology and chemistry. As for the interpreters were able to identify a specific area related to the unpreparedness of the subjects of Biology and Chemistry, and an exhaustive workload. This result revealed the gap between these professionals. With regard to students, the tests indicated that the perception and memory of deaf students are subtly than the standards specified in the tests. While students in the audience, the tests indicated a small gap of perception and memory. It is believed that this knowledge provides the teacher input into the development of strategies to facilitate the learning of deaf students, respecting their characteristics, in addition to direct a constant reflection of the practice, which may lead to effecting the necessary changes, thus providing improvement in the training of professionals and thus in education.