Repositório RCAAP

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The present study aimed to analyse the Itupararanga reservoir zooplankton community in relation to diel and seasonal variation and vertical migration of the organisms in the water column and verify if there are patterns of variation. For this two samples were performed in the reservoir in 2011: in February, rainy period and in july, dry period. The collections were performed in diel cycle (every four hours), in three different layers of the water column (surface, middle and bottom) and in two environments of the reservoir (dam and central body). Stratification in the water column was observed for both environments and both periods. 25 species of the mesozooplankton were identified. Chaoborus larvae were more abundant in February in relation to july and the opposite was observed for cladocerans and copepods. Among the copepods, dominance of juvenile stages (nauplii and copepodites) was observed in both environments and periods. Among the adults of copepods the specie more abundant was Notodiaptomus deitersi (1.298 org.m3) and among the cladocerans was Bosmina freyi (32.282 org.m3). The peak of the total density of the zooplankton community occurred during the dry period in the dam environment with 81.211 org.m3. Chaoborus exercised predation pressure on microcrustaceans during the rainy period. During the dry period, in the absence of Chaoborus in the water column, cladocerans and copepods were more ecologically successful. For all of the groups was observed the usual pattern of vertical migration; reverse migration was not observed. Despite predation pressure, the microcrustaceans not altered their vertical distribution for decrease special overlap with Chaoborus. For all of the groups the migration pattern adopted seems a result of escape from predators and search for good food resources.

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Fragmentation, degradation of habitats, overexploitaton of species and introduction of exotic species are some of the main threats to biodiversity, as a consequence of the human consumption and expansion needs. The local preservation or preservation in situ , through the establishment of legally protected areas is one way to mitigate the expansion of these activities. Piedade municipality presents a set of favorable conditions to establish protected areas: the urbanization is relatively low, native forest remnants occupy approximately 25% of the municipal area, and there are two relevant protected areas with portions within its boundaries: the Environmental Protection Area of Itupararanga, in the northeastern part, and, the State Park of Jurupará, in the southeastern portion. The protected areas in general occupy extensive areas, with different patches, forming a landscape mosaic, and can be studied by Geospatial Technologies, specially through one of its main techniques, the Geographic Information System (GIS), which allows the aggregation of factors through different approaches. Multicriteria evaluation (MCE) is one of those approaches, which transforms and combines different factors, considering their relevance and their respective levels of influence on the production of solutions / alternatives for decision making. In this context, the purpose of this study was to define priority areas for protection, in the Piedade municipality, through the Multicriteria evaluation (MCE). The specific objective was to identify the importance and influence of the selected factors on the decision support process and to evaluate which methods of MCE is appropriated to this study: Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) or Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA). We defined the criteria and theirs weights using the Participatory Technique. The result was one map of priority areas through WLC and two maps through OWA, with similar degrees of tradeoffs and different degrees of risk to the decision support. The methods (WLC and OWA) enable the definition of priority areas for protection, although the WLC proposes a less detailed solution, which can result in uncertainties in landscape planning. The OWA offers different solutions, considering the risk-taking and factors tradeoffs, providing a greater number of possible answers to the question of interest. The map with low risk-taking was the more appropriated to define priority areas for protection in the Piedade municipality, SP.

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

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This study aims to describe the pattern of moulting and reproduction, evaluating their temporal overlap in an assembly of birds in the Atlantic Forest. These events tend to have little or no overlap due to high energy costs involved, but some authors argue that in tropical regions, they may present a significant overlap, since the period of resource abundance would be longer in this region. We also noticed the amount of fat deposition, because this phenomenon is important in thermo-isolation, energy reserves and development of egg-yolk. It is possible that environmental variables act directly on the breeding period of birds, which in turn influences the moult, it is expected that this starts right after the breeding season, when the young leave their nests. There taking into account that ecological groups, such as trophic guilds, may show different patterns for the periods, since the supply of food resources varies temporally in a different way for each group. It were determined five areas in Carlos Botelho State Park , state of São Paulo ( 24 ° 06 ' 55'' , 24 º 14' 41'' S , 47 º 47 ' 18'' and 48 º 07' 17'' W), which were sampled from June 2012 to May 2013, once a month, during the daytime, using lines with ten mist nets (3x12m , mesh 36mm ). Each bird was received a numbered metal band provided by CEMAVE. With a total of 4650 mistnet-hours were held 700 catches and 130 were recaptures, totaling 54 species, all residents. The period of moult of flight concentrated from November to April, with its peak in February. Incubation began in August, with the highest percentage of individuals presenting brood patch occurred in the months of November and December, declining from February, when the percentage of young individuals in the assemblage began to increase. The highest percentage of individuals with fat deposition occurred in the months comprising the coldest period of the year. The incubation period began at the end of the dry season, increasing with the photoperiod, reaching its peak in November. Thus, the young individuals leave their nests in the beginning of the hot season, when the supply of food resources would be higher, which would support the new individuals in the community as well as the start of moult period. There was little difference in the incubation period and fat deposition between trophic guilds and no difference in their moult period. The overlap between the events found in this study was 7 %, which confirms the tendency to avoid the overlap of these cycles, even in tropical regions, such as the Atlantic Forest, due to high energy costs involved.

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The proposal of this action research was to contribute for the sustainable rural development on the water resources subject in practical and scientific way. From a short diagnostic of a rural community, where MST acts, was defined, in with the farmers, the building of rainwater catchment system, built participatively and promoted through some kind of workshop. Then, were evaluated the quality of the system´s water, the farmers´s perceptions in relation to the technology and the economic profits generated. The water´s quality presented numbers adapted for the use destined by the community, which is mainly washing of agricultural´s equipments, and other possible uses like irrigations and for animal´s criation. The farmers´s perceptions represent that the technology was empowered by the producers. The system is highly beneficial financially, offering return of investment in period of a year in different price of interests considered. The results indicated that the rainwater catchment system built are viable and sustainable to the studied community.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

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The physiology of mango is little known in relation to other fruit trees. There are gaps about estimation of mango leaf area using no destructive methods or concern photosynthetic responses under temperatures above 10oC, carbon assimilation, leaf and bud productions inr shade. The aims of present work were to shed light on these gaps determining on mango cultivars Tommy Atkins and Haden a) Indexes and equations for fast and no-destructive estimate leaf area (AF) just using length (C), maximum width (L), or both; b) Photosynthetic capacity, leaf and bud production growing under 0, 65 and 85% of shade and, c) The photosynthetic responses (photochemical and photosynthetic capacities) under temperatures between 17-32o C. The leaf area (AF) could be estimated multiplying length x width x 0,74 (for Tommy cultivar) or 0,78 (for Haden) as well using equations: AF = 4,96349 C - 33,429 (R2=0,86); AF = 17,02964 L - 18,88065 (R2=0,85) and AF = 0,73499 (CxL) + 0,59459 (R2=0,92) for Tommy or AF = 5,35282C - 33,17061(R2=0,88); AF = 19,09951L - 24,61777(R2=0,89) and AF = 0,76015(CxL) + 0,43257(R2=0,99) for Haden. In shade the cultivars presented same values of maximum net photosynthesis (Amax) obtained under full solar irradiance, decreasing the light compensation point and/or increasing the chlorophyll content. Besides, until 65% of shade, both cultivars maintained the same leaf and bud production in relation to full solar irradiance treatment, enabling them for plantation under high densities until middle shade intensities (around 65%). The optimum temperature range for Amax was 23-29oC in Tommy and 23-26oC in Haden. Both cultivars presented an unbalance between photochemical and biochemical phases of the photosynthesis in between 17-32o C, especially Haden. Under regular atmospheric concentration of CO2 the net photosynthesis of Haden, in general, was smaller than Tommy, while under CO2 saturation the opposite happened, possibly because Haden used its largest capacity of electron transport to increase the carbon assimilation, and, at the same time, decreasing its susceptibility to oxidative stress. Both cultivars presented high temperature adaptation maintaining almost constant the intensities of dark respiration (Rd) in Tommy and the photorespiration (Pr) in Haden. In Tommy Pr induced increases in light saturation (LS) and compensation (LCP) points, and reductions in apparent quantum yield (α). In Haden increases in Rd, LS stability and α reductions with temperature did not keep relationship with Pr nor with RE probably because the rupture of the cellular homeostasis caused by high electron excess.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais