Repositório RCAAP

The third issue of the International Interdisciplinary Journal INTERthesis covers a round-table about the Contemporary Brazil, explanation and discussion of Canadian and Brazilian University students' papers, accomplished at the Canadian Congress of Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), in the city of Guelph (Ontario, Canada), on October 30, 2004. The president was Prof. W.E. (Ted) Hewitt (University of Western Ontario), and the coordinator was Prof. Edgar Dosman (York University), having Prof. Judith Hellman (York) as mediator. The round-table was organized and presented to honor Betinho (Herbert de Souza, creator of IBASE in Brazil), who was exiled in Canada between 1974 and 1978, becoming at that time highly acknowledged at the academic environment, for his capacity of leadership, organization and initiative towards the fight for social justice, for the intellectual innovation, and the practical sympathy with the Latin American peoples. Such qualities have been reconsidered today by several Brazilian and Canadian University professors and students, as necessary to rebuild and broaden the exchange, the convergence and the reflection in common, between Brazil and Canada. The reasons for this search for the mutual acknowledgement and cooperation between Brazil and Canada are many. Brazil is today very little known and studied in Canada and the same happens in Brazil concerning Canada. Whenever we hear something involving these two countries, it has to do with occasional incidents and conflicts of interests. Recently we have seen successive complaints from both countries to the World Trade Organization (WTO), mutually denouncing the state subsidies to the plane industries - Embraer, in Brazil, and Bombardier in Canada, for violation to the rules of free formation and price competition in the international market. Whatever the practical results of these arbitrages for interest might be, the Brazilian and Canadian public opinion just receives very partial information regarding the existence of competition and occasional contradictions between these two countries. However there are convergent characteristics and long-term contributions, even complementary, of both - Brazil and Canada - that have never reached the media. Among these characteristics which challenge the comparative study and the bilateral cooperation, we can highlight, in the internal aspect: the Canadian multiculturalism and the Brazilian ethnic pluralism; the importance of the civil society and of the social mobilizations in the magnification of the public sphere in both countries; the gradual integration of the migratory groups in the national society and the native peoples' rights to the defense of their cultural patrimony; the existence of vast inhabited areas and the challenges they mean to Nature preservation and the national integration. Beyond any doubt, the Parliament in Canada and the Presidentship in Brazil (among other inheritances and historical differences) conditions the development of these common characteristics and challenges in each country. Therefore, this divergent institutional-juridical inheritance must also be the object of a comparative study, that enlightens its relative efficacy in the environmental, social and cultural diversity approach. But besides the convergent national challenges, there are also important Brazilian and Canadian experiences in the international scope, which are unknown to public opinion as well. Let us mention just three examples that present great similarities: 1) The contributions that both Brazil and Canada have been efficiently and constantly giving to the special forces of the UN for the maintenance and reestablishment of peace in areas of conflict all over the world; 2) Regarding the Americas, both countries, in their peculiar ways, have tried to oppose to the ambitions of the United States unilateral hegemony. In North America, Canada has been showing the virtues of the so called North Model accepted at a state of minimum welfare, contrasting with the individualization of the social problems predominant in the United States. Yet Brazil, even having pragmatically accepted the alliance with Bush's government, attempts, through Mercosur and new diplomatic cooperation, establish a constructive presence among its neighbors in South America and other emergent countries around the world; 3) There is also an influential presence of Canada in the British Community of the Nations, as well as of Brazil among the Portuguese speaking countries - in both cases, concerning the preservation and development of their political - cultural traditions. There is no doubt that there are many other national and international similar experiences worth mentioning, showing that both countries have played a most important role, having a moderating and multilateral influence in the construction of a more peaceful and pluralist world. Unfortunately, the international news does not highlight these common objectives practiced by Brazil and Canada, and by several other countries, in favor of the peace and the cooperation among the peoples of the world. This round-table about the contemporary Brazil at the CALACS Conference lines up, therefore, with a greater effort of cooperation, aiming at promoting a mutual study and knowledge of their national realities. The papers selected for presentation at CALACS, have chosen, for discussion among the Canadian University public, a few central themes of studies of the current Brazilian reality. Ted Hewitt begins presenting a report of recent studies about Brazil, performed by intellectual Canadians. The results of the studies have verified significant growth and pending challenges in the area. All the papers presented can be found in this issue of our journal; in the language they have been written and presented, followed by their abstracts. It is important to mention the importance of each study: Sérgio Costa, for instance, approaches the current changes in the ethnic mobilization in Brazil (mainly of those with Afro background), pointing out the contributions of the international studies on the theme, as well as the links that this mobilization establishes abroad. Paulo Krischke discusses the characteristics of the government social politics, emphasizing that they are not only redistributing, but they also turn to the acknowledgement of the social and cultural diversity and the political tolerance as well - hence its impact in the popular approval of the government, in spite of the pending social-economical problems. Leandro Vergara-Camus analyzes the objectives and principles that guide the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - MST (Landless Rural Workers' Movement), and pictures the existing tension between their objectives and the policies of the current government. Finally, Tullo Vigevani and Marcelo Fernandes de Oliveira show the attempts to change the Brazilian international politics in the last decade, concerning a more autonomous and deliberate participation, facing imminent difficulties, such as the ones occurring along the ALCA negotiations. In short, all the presentations reveal the current Brazilian reality, as a historical process in progress, dedicated to the accomplishment and development of democracy, and, as such, teeming with ambiguities, challenges and problems of difficult solutions. The examples of Canada and other democracies more fully consolidated than ours might provide profitable comparative studies and promote the strengthening of democracy in Brazil. Last, but not least, it is necessary to thank the multilateral support that allowed this round-table at CALACS to be held: the CNPq, which paid for the trip of some of the Brazilians who participated the Congress; their Universities, which released them from their classes and allowed them to travel during that week; CALACS, which paid for their stay and internal trips in Canada; The Study Center on Security and International Relations of the University of York, which provided opportunities of lodging, research and exchange with other colleagues of that University in Toronto and also sponsored all the trip of one of the Brazilian participants; all the Canadians at CALACS - participants, organizers, workers - who welcomed us, Brazilians, so warmly and cordially. We will surely never forget such hospitality and we hope we can soon meet again, this time in Brazil, so that we can also offer them a warm and cordial reception.

The –ING construction has a number of uses in the English language and teaching it to speakers of other languages poses some challenges, as learners tend to interpret the construction as a verbal one, in the progressive aspect, which is only one part of the picture. Bearing this in mind, we have developed a corpus-based research into the form-meaning/function pairing (Goldberg, 1995, 2006) of the construction, relying on Construction Grammar (Fillmore; Kay, 1999; Goldberg, 1995, 2006) and Cognitive Grammar (Langacker, 1987, 1990, 1991, 2008), apart from a semantic approach to the –ING construction (Wierzbicka, 1988), essential for describing the –ING construction from a conceptual perspective within the wide-ranging scope of Cognitive Linguistics (Geeraerts, 2006), which also included Prototype Theory (Rosch, 1973) and Radial Categories (Brugman, 1981; Lakoff, 1987). In regard to methodology, we have taken both a quantitative and qualitative approach to data (Cook; Reichardt, 1979; Richardson, 1985; Creswell, 2010) compiled from an English/Spanish parallel corpus of 1199 verbal –ING occurrences. Our main hypothesis is that the –ING construction, in its verbal function, is more central or prototypical (Rosch, 1973; Brugman, 1981; Lakoff, 1987; Langacker, 2008) in respect to its conceptual network and its other functions, namely nominal, adjectival and adverbial. These functions, in turn, exhibit a more peripheral role and are linked to the verbal function through metaphorical extension relationships (Goldberg, 1995, 2006). By performing a corpus-based analysis of the data (Berber-Sardinha, 2002, 2004) we finally argue that there is a radial organisation (Brugman, 1981; Lakoff,  1987) for the –ING construction, which goes from a more concrete level, being this more situated or grounded and thus more objectified (as a “here and now process”), until it gets to a more abstract level, therefore, less situated and more subjectified (taken as a “thing”).

The early 2000s have witnessed significant changes in medical education in Brazil, especially because of the creation of the More Doctors (Mais Médicos) program in 2013 and the publication of the resolution that establishes the National Curricular Guidelines for Medicine undergraduate courses in 2014. The latter focuses on a human, critical and socially responsible education, which comprehends the development of the proficiency in a foreign language, preferably a lingua franca. The objective of this paper is to map the inclusion of foreign languages, particularly English, in Political Pedagogical Projects (PPPs) from public medical schools between the years 2013-2019. Online bibliographical research was carried out and data were collected from the e-MEC system and the PPPs. Descriptive statistics have shown that 65.1% of Medicine undergraduate courses (n=28) include the proficiency of a foreign language in their PPPs, being that language English in 35.7% and any other language in 64.3%; 34.9% of the institutions do not incorporate any foreign language at all. Although the majority of medical schools seem to be conforming with the National Curricular Guidelines, there might be still a gap between targeted English language practices and their association to health education and the promotion of healthcare actions. 

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of familiarity with Brazilian-accented English (L2) in the intelligibility of speech samples when judged by native English listeners. Speech samples were collected from five native Brazilian Portuguese individuals from Southern Brazil, with a pre-intermediate level of proficiency in English. Following a Complex Dynamic Systems account (De Bot et al., 2007), this is a longitudinal study in which a group of four British listeners participated in weekly intelligibility transcription tasks, applied over the course of five weeks. This group was comprised of individuals who had recently arrived in Brazil. Results suggest that familiarity with a speaker’s L1 and accented-L2 has an effect on the intelligibility of what is heard. From the perspective of Complex Dynamic Systems, we argue that there is an alteration of a listener’s perception of his/her own language system due to exposure to it as an L2.

This article analyzes the project and discourse of institutionalization of the career of technical civil servants, proposed by the Administrative Department of the Public Service (DASP), between 1938 and 1945. DASP sought to create a body of highly qualified administrative employees and opened public competitions in Brazilian civil service. Therefore, we seek to understand how the discourse of merit, expertise and efficiency shaped the new civil service and servant’s qualification in the New State’s regime. This article also seeks to understand how DASP has positioned itself in the Second World War period, being part of a government project of alignment with the United States during the conflict.

The International Working Men's Association appears late in Portugal. It is only in 1871 that the International contacts occurs with the Portuguese socialists, therefore, at a time when internal differences within the International were intense. The political struggles felt within the First International will be constantly present in the building of the International in Portugal. This article proposes to make clear how a peripheral country, like Portugal, played an important role in the internal battles of the First International, and explore the contacts made by the Alliance of Socialist Democracy of Mikhail Bakunin, as well as by the General Council of the International through Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. These sensitivities were intended to win the control of Portuguese socialism and, in fact, the Portuguese Socialists will be receptible to the two political fields of internationalism. 

The conjuncture of the end of World War II and the process of democratization in Brazil reshaped the perspectives of political and social participation of the working class, after the impact of the repressive escalation that fell on their leaders and organizations during most of the Estado Novo. It was also a context of rapprochement between workers, discourse and labor legal and administrative bodies, especially the Regional Labor Precincts (DRTs), the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), the Labor Justice and the corporative union structure. In this context, communists, labor and other trade unions both acted jointly and disputed positions in the workers' organization and claims. This article analyzes the ways in which the trade union leaders and sectors of the Bahian working class welcomed the discourses of the “war effort”, of the labor / laborism and of the “National Union”, trying to apprehend the demands, expectations and forms of mobilization of unionists and portions of Bahian working class in the struggle for rights, in the context of democratization.

DUARTE, Adriano Luiz. O direito à cidade: trabalhadores e cidadãos em São Paulo(1942-1953). São Paulo: Alameda, 2018.

In this study we explore the concept of critical (visual) literacy through the analysis of an English as an additional language textbook approved by the Brazilian National Textbook Program (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático). Based on an analytical framework that combines systemic functional grammar (HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014), critical discourse analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 1992b, 2003) and the notion of types of reasoning and of practices (ROJO, 2004; 2009; TRIVISIOL, 2017), we analyzed 132 reading and writing activities. We elaborated a continuum of types of reasoning and of practices that range from decodification to critical literacy and found that a significant amount of activities in the textbook explore critical literacy (51 – 38,6%). We evaluate this result positively, but suggest that the activities need to explore a wider range of reasonings and of practices to promote critical literacy for active citizenship.

This study aims to investigate, in dubbed and subtitled versions of the films Madagascar (2005) and Ice Age (2002), how fixed expressions (Moon, 1998) are translated in dubbing and subtitling methods and to examine how employing domestication and foreignisation (Venuti, 1995) can undermine or reinforce the asymmetrical relations, here defined by globalisation as discussed by Venuti (1998) and Cronin (2003, 2009). The analysis is carried out through reference and parallel corpus (Baker, 1995). Final results show that subtitling, rather than dubbing, is more prone to adopt foreignising strategies with regard to the translation of fixed expressions. Additionally, there have been identified, in the subtitled versions of the corpus, translation instances that deliberately move away from target language fixed expressions.

On October 31, 2018, the President Jair Bolsonaro announced of the extinction of the Ministry of Sport, leading to the emergence of different opinions and manifestations in cyberspace between October 2018 and June 2019. In this article we aim to identify the Social Representations about the extinction of the Ministry of Sports for Twitter users. For this purpose, we use the theoretical-methodological procedures of the Theory of Social Representations allied to discussions about cyberculture and netnography and for the data analysis we used the Iramuteq software. Therefore, we identified the term Bolsonaro as the central nucleus of the Social Representation. Among the social representations we realized that, for the Twitter users, there is a phenomenon of  blaming of Bolsonaro and its supporters, as some of the high-performance athletes, mainly from Volleyball, besides a concern with the possible consequences of the Bolsonaro management to Brazilian sport.

This article aims to present the general lines of a theoretical model capable of conducting an economic approach of the Late Middle Ages from a global perspective. So to, we will start by analyzing the difficulties inherent to this project. In the first section, we review different strategies adopted by the best historiography considering the challenge of conducting an investigation using Macro Scale as a geographic unit of observation. In the second section, we will briefly present some proposals from the Global History, presenting a historiographical situation rooted in the opposition of two embarrassing models for the researcher in Medieval History: a theory that sees the beginning of global relations in the 16th century, and a theory that identifies global relations in the Neolithic Revolution, granting small importance, when not an unfavorable judgment, for the medieval period. In the third section, from the analysis of the existing trade flows between the Black Sea, Italy and northwest Europe, during the 14th century, we will have the opportunity to clarify some features of the transcontinental trade in the period. Finally, we will end with a brief reflection about the possibility of building a theoretical model capable of investigating the long-distance economic connections that existed in an essentially fragmented world, avoiding abstract general theorems in favor of the observation of local singularities.

In this study, we present a discussion about the participation of women in a sports practice of the gaúcha culture, called masculine, the lace shooting. To obtain the data from this research we conducted an ethnographic study, in which we participated during a period of rodeos that took place on the North Coast of Rio Grande do Sul and also meetings of a traditionalist entity, in order to approach and accompany women who participated in this particular practice. Throughout the fieldwork we noticed that women are increasingly gaining space within this practice, arousing interest of spectators and making the organization of these events come to value the modality of gifts by offering larger prizes to attract the attention of these competitors.

Informação Editorial

The article discusses the comparative-integrative method as a tool of analysis of scholars – such as Kenneth Pomeranz, André Gunder Frank, Jack Goldstone and John M. Hobson – linked to the Great Divergence perspective. These historians, called revisionists, criticize notions that repute Eurocentric about global economic growth between the years 1400 and 1800 approximately. With the comparison and integration, the revisionists scrutinized the holistic factors that favored the development of historical capitalism, pointing out a perspective that allows a glimpse into a global history with wide integration in the Afro-Euro-Asian world before the globalizing capitalism of the 19th and 21st centuries. Concluding, we understand that the development of historical capitalism since the long sixteenth century integrated multiple spaces of the Afro-Euro-Asian world that conditioned each other, in an ever increasing process of globalization of economic relations and development of broad commercial networks.

This article looks at some aspects of Ibn Fadlan’s journey to the steppe during the 10th Century to ostensibly establish friendly relations between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Volga Bulgars. He left a detailed account of his trip, which includes remarks on the mythical people of Gog and Magog, traditionally considered the eschatological enemies of the civilized world. Ibn Fadlan was somewhat incongruent regarding his portraits and opinions of the Slavic or Turkic people he found in the steppe. The main contribution of this article relates to Gog/Magog and modern conceptions of the “Silk Roads”, especially concerning their extension in the North paths and their permanence in the longue durée. In this respect, some modern theses regarding these issues must be tackled, most remarkably, that of Peter Frankopan and Barry Cunliffe. Other Arabic travels to the North are also examined in order to discuss cultural continuities and breaks between the steppe and the Mediterranean world. The main objective of this article is to show that Ibn Fadlan, in spite of his alleged accuracy, also shared, even if en passant, some of the literary topoi of his time and subsequent historians and geographers added to the mythical apocalyptic theme nearly forgotten currently, namely the boundaries of civilized world and Gog/Magog. This article concludes that Ibn Fadlan was probably the first Arabic historian to believe and thrive on the study of these people, whereas his successors overstated information about them, from the 13th Century on. 

This article is the result of a theoretical research on categories such as State and Law.It aims to discuss, in summary form, some definitions about such categories in the current context, particularizing the debate between liberalism and Marxism in the social relations of capitalist production.. Our understanding is that these categories appear as substrates of an abstract formal character and not as an element of concrete, real life.

The objective of this study was to identify how the curricula of undergraduate courses in Physical Education are organized regarding the formation of teachers for acting in early childhood education, by means of a documental qualitative research. The documents analyzed were the curriculum of three Federal Universities in the capitals of southern estates of Brazil. The data reveal two main conceptions of childhood: one more frequent and aligned with a biologic perspective and another based on social and cultural aspects. It is noteworthy that the educational project of Physical Education for Early Childhood Education appears directly influenced by such conceptions. The results indicate the need for an adaptation of curricula to reflect upon the conceptions of children and childhood that permeate the formation of teachers in Physical Education, approaching the specificities of the organization of pedagogical work in early childhood education.

Dentre as possibilidades atuais para difundir o conhecimento, os Massive Open On-line Courses (MOOC) permitem que muitas pessoas aprendam conteúdos específicos por meio da internet, em locais e horários acessíveis. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as tendências, desafios e potencialidades dos MOOC de Astronomia presentes em plataformas internacionais. Os 32 MOOC selecionados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo através das categorias: Idioma, Carga horária, País, Instituição, Conteúdos e Aspectos da Teoria Conectivista. Dentre as tendências, estão o uso do idioma inglês, vídeos e fóruns e os principais conteúdos se referem à cosmologia e astrobiologia. Sobre os desafios, observa-se a ausência do Conectivismo; necessidade de maior diversidade de conteúdos de Astronomia básica; uso de atividades práticas, por meio de simulações, por exemplo, e participação de demais países. As principais potencialidades são a crescente demanda por esses cursos e maior diversidade de recursos tecnológicos e de instituições produtoras de MOOC.

The Society for Charity Funds of the War Arsenal of Bahia was founded on 8 May 1872 as a mutual aid association exclusive to the War Arsenal workers. After some struggle it gradually became accessible for workers of any occupation, gender and nationality. This research traces the trajectory of this association since its foundation in 1872 until 1930, trying to understand what this mutual aid association represented for its own members during this period. This article presents the social composition of the association and the network of relations between its members and the many other mutual aid organizations members, especially the significant participation of its members on boards of directors of the various labor societies in Salvador.