Repositório RCAAP

Gliobastomas are neoplasies that present themselves to be the most malignant among the astrocytic tumors. Their prognosis is ominous, with few years of survival. As we are dealing with such an aggressive illness, whose treatment is still so greatly limited, this study has had as objective to carry out a bibliographical revision to clarify the mechanisms of this illness and the advances in its treatment. One concludes that, despite the progress in the treatment of glioblastoma, it is still necessary to achieve more advances, by means of current promising researches, thus improving the quality of life of these patients.

Based on an interdisciplinary view of the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS), we aim to understand the approaches to the Identity and Social Representation Theory in the Information Science field, by analyzing periodicals in this area. We evaluated scientific journals classified as Qualis A National, according to the CAPES concept, following pre-determined criteria. Once the articles were located, an analysis was performed, not only checking the theoretical approaches, but also considering the specificities, pluralities, dynamics and complexities of each approach. Eight articles were recovered. In relation to Identity, it is possible to verify that none of the identified articles was based on the same theoretical references that we have used (Ciampa). In relation to the theory of Social Representation, all the selected articles are in accordance with our theoretical approach (Moscovici). From the methodological point of view, a series of procedures were used, many of them reconsidering the interdisciplinary matter and the resulting advantages from interactions between areas. Qualitative nature research was the most used in the articles. Concerning data analysis, we emphasize the Lefévre and Lefévre Collective Subjective Discourse technique. The most used assessment tools were questionnaires and interviews. In this study it was possible to understand and reaffirm that these areas have much to contribute and add each other.

This book review of The Bakhtinian revolution: Mikhail Bakhtin's thought and the contemporary ideology ("La rivoluzione bachtiniana. Il pensiero di Bachtin e l'ideologia contemporanea") by Augusto Ponzio is justified by the modern relevance of this work, which has just been translated into Portuguese. This relevance is also revealed by Ponzio in explaining the work of the Russian Mikhail Bakhtin, who, at the beginning of the twentieth century, wrote literary and philosophical studies that are now opening up a range of analysis in several areas of knowledge, including the ideological dimension. The book is an overview of Bakhtin's work, from the perspective of the philosopher Augusto Ponzio.

Editorial

This paper has as its main objective the comprehension and analysis of the environmental action effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) which are inserted in the region of the Hydrographic Basins of rivers "Turvo" and "Grande", and their relation with the others who act in this interactive field in order to understand what is being built in these regions considering the environmental issue. Material and Methodology: direct research in the selected NGOs and bibliographic review: NGOs, environmental legislation and participative democracy. Results: Participation in the survey data for the diagnosis of the current situation of hydric resource and the establishment of guidelines for the Plan of Hydrographic Basins of "Turvo" and "Grande" – Report Zero and in the Basins of "Turvo" and "Grande" Committee, actions in Environmental Education and reforestation/revegetation of part of the riparian forest and the protection of water sources. Conclusion: The environmental NGOs have played the protagonist role in the process of social transformation, with representativeness and competence to add people, institutions and resources to defend environment. Their acts show evidences that it's possible to overcome the environmental damages and they contribute to a reflection about the environment, means of organization and popular participation. The NGOs actions are often blocked by the game of interests that feeds the backstage of environmental matter. Business people pressure, lack of political will from the politicians to break the favor culture that was taken forward in relation to big interests; all these factors take part in the inhibition circuit that hinders the NGOs acts many times.

This paper aims to present the panorama of the destruction of nature in Brazil during the first decades of twentieth century, and the exponents of Brazilian conservacionism, that positioned themselves against that scenery of carelessness, ignorance and omission. The role and the actions of the main heralds of the struggle against the destruction that was infringed to the natural world are analyzed, specially the relevance of their ideas. Moreover, the first legal measures of the nature conservation in the last century are pointed out.

Educommunication is a knowledge area which acts in the interface of education and communication and has as its focus the critical and reflexive formation of the subjects. In this sense, the means of mass communication have become action instruments, assuming an important role, among many others, in the discussions involving environmental themes. This research has the aim of elaborating a preliminary inventory of the existing radio programs in Brazil which treat specifically of environmental education and which are structured on the educommunication assumptions and concepts.The adopted methodology was based on documental analysis, by researching the radio programs in the internet and dissertations and theses produced in the last five years, available at CAPES Bank of theses, emphasizing the following points: name, localization, nature/links (governmental, business, college, etc.) and aims. The results show a non significant amount of radio programs of this type if compared to other types of programs. However, among the mapped programs, it was possible to observe that they have overlapped the mere informative phase and may be considered as instruments of critical , reflexive formation. So, this research has pointed new investigation possibilities relating to the mapping of the universe of educommunication programs and projects, via radio, in environmental education, as well as the necessity of investigation of the efficacy of these programs concerning habit change and social transformation in the places where they are broadcast.

 This paper presents a brief approach on environmental aspects related to the development of agriculture in the world and especially in Brazil, detaching some historical aspects. Some characteristics of the social and environmental degradation generated by the processes of production of modern agriculture, based on studies of Environmental Sciences, in general, and, more specifically, of Agroecology, are presented, as well as the necessity of searching for new models of development according to the recent paradigm of sustainability (social, economic and environmental), debated in international conferences on 'environment and development'.

In recent years the interest of the society in knowing the true investments of the companies in social responsibility and environment has been frequent. One of these examples can be observed by knowing of the Business Charter for Sustainable Development of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), divulged in 1991, that suggests some actions that the companies must take in order to be prepared for the new reality originated from environment issues. Being thus, the concern with the environment, boasted in all the spheres of the society, gave space to two subjects of great repercussion in internal and external environments of the organizations: the social responsibility and the concern with the environment. In this context, the demonstration that can supply stakeholders with environment information is the social balance, that has as objective to demonstrate the result of the interaction of the company with the environment. Based on the above considerations, the question which we can make is: in spite of all the persistence of society, can we say that the companies have gradually increased their investments related to environment? This subject is justified by the fact that the companies have used the applications in environment and social responsibility for marketing purposes; however, the applied values and their true involvement adding this information to their financial demonstrations can only be identified by occasion of these publications. The objective of this work was to research the number of companies which had published information of social and environmental nature, in 2005 and 2006, by means of social balance, and afterwards, to verify the behavior of the environmental pointers which were divulged in the mentioned balances and were related to production. The present work was developed by means of documentary and descriptive research and was based on the published financial demonstrations in specific media. In reply to the research question, and analyzing the time interval delimited in the research, it is observed that, although minimum adequate models exist so that the companies disclose their true interests in relation to sustainable development, we cannot say that the companies are extending their investments related to production aiming at sustainability.

The article intends to show the establishment of the aircraft industry in the Central Administrative Region (SP), in the last seven years, which introduced a new element in the economical structure of the region. Based on the innovation systemic approach , the objective is to identify and characterize the investments related to the aircraft industry segment carried out in the region and to identify the potentialities of the new production geographical axle and aircraft's maintenance for a dynamic setorial insertion, given by the capacity of integration to innovation system related to the aircraft industry. Some qualitative information was obtained from primary (questionnaires) and secondary sources. For the analysis, all the information was organized taking into consideration the most important aspects of the innovation activities according to the Oslo Manual. Technology and efficient staff are the strategic factors to this type of industry. Based on these requirements, they have potentialities in the Central Administrative Region (CAR) for a possible insertion in the innovation system: (i) the favorable institutional environment concerning the education system, availability and training of human qualified resources, which demonstrated fast structuring capacity seeking to attend a new demand that appeared in the region; (ii) Technology & Science infrastructure.

Modern civilization, in recent years, has increased the requirement of products derived from iron and steel, stimulating the growth of the national siderurgical sector and, consequently, the generation of industrial residue called basic slag. In this context, the recycling of residues can contribute to solve problems of the industries that give priority to the excellence of the production with quality. On the other hand, there is a sector of primary production in Brazil, the agriculture, with a great cultivated area in acid ground and with low fertility, being these factors admittedly determinative for vegetal production, under tropical conditions. Thus, there is a scenery of two primary sectors of production, although distinct ones, that present interaction potential, for , on one hand, there is disponibility of a product with similar properties to the liming materials and traditional fertilizers and, on the other hand, a production sector that is highly dependent of these products. And the interaction between these two sectors helps in the preservation of the environment, bringing, thus, a certain sustainability in the production systems of the postmodern civilization that will be the challenge of this new century. Considering the current possibility of recycling these industrial residues in agriculture, three important factors have to be taken into account. The first would be the proper use of the abundant, available and promising industrial residue; the second, in a propitious agricultural environment, acid soil and low fertility; and third, in a responsive and important socio-economic culture, the sugar cane, considering its vast cultivated area. In national literature, few works have dealt with the use of the basic slag and have evaluated the reply of the cultures to its application. Thus, the present work had as its aim to gather information from literature concerning the characterization and production of basic slag in Brazil, as well as the agronomic viability of its use in sugar cane, pointing benefits in the liming of the soil and in the supply of nutrients and silicon.

This paper analyzes the main economic, politic and social changes that happened in Brazil in the 90's due to the hegemony of the neoliberal thought that offered an opportunity to a series of reforms, not only economical as well as politic and social ones, that caused the weakness of the State in benefit of a new governorship managed by the market forces and impelled by the financial and commercial globalization. In this period, when the Brazilian State abandoned his articulator role of social and economical development policies, this space has come to be occupied by states and municipal districts that started to articulate development policies and to negotiate, directly with transnational companies, productive investments for their areas without possessing an efficient technical body to drive the negotiations. The final result was a series of agreements that benefitted mainly the transnational companies, casting doubts about the benefits that countries, such as Brazil, had with the intensification of the globalization in the 90's.

It is common and unjust to mix up State with government. The State is the whole political society, including government. The Government is mainly identified by the political group that is in the command of a State. The State has the executive, legislative and judicial functions. The government, in its executive function, is busy with managing the social and economical interests of the society, and in accordance with its ideological direction, establishes bigger or smaller levels of intervention. So, government should not be mixed up with executive power, which is composed by the government responsible for the political direction of the State, and by the administration, as a technical and bureaucratic group that helps the government and makes the public machine work. The public administration carries out the government decisions. In postmodernity the functions of the State are still the same, and even the pragmatism of its separation is accepted, however, considering its efficiency and not the necessity of guaranteeing a Democratic State of Right.

There is still no consensus in the literature about the object and purpose of the accusation of breach of fundamental precept. It is true that the Office should be interpreted in the light of the Constitution and not of the ordinary law. In this sense, it can be an important tool in the defense of fundamental principles considering the originary constitutional rules.

Adoption includes changes to both the child and the adoptive home. Seeking to know the experiences regarding adoption, the couple and the family's experiences, two adoptive mothers were interviewed. The results indicate that the integration of the adopted child was carried out in a positive way, filling an apparent empty spot, and the adopted child was considered responsible for family harmony.

In order to investigate the ways by which editorial projects of the newspaper Folha de São Paulo show themselves into the time and space categories in the journalistic activity, this paper uses the Circle of Bakhtin's chronotopos notion.Besides searching in the editorial project texts chronotopos occurences within journalistic activities, this analysis focuses on how editorial projects suggest that the Folha de São Paulo journalists face their own profession. Considering that they are identified as belonging to a prescribing gender, those texts usually guide the communication professionals' activities in several ways: both ethical and behavior ones, as well as in relation to the use of text techniques. Thus, it was possible to notice a singular change in the form by which the journalistic work is made, both in relation to time, a category quite related to that professional activity, and to space, since journalists, yesterday called "eyewitnesses of the history", have today their telephones and their e-mail addresses as their main work tools.

The aim of this research was to identify some factors which could lead us to the understanding of some children's difficulties in the literacy process. The subjects of this research were illiterate students, attending the first years of elementary public schools. The methodological procedures were: search for theory on literacy and on the phonic methodology; a diagnosis of the literacy stage of the subjects; an intervention proposal based on the phonic methodology, implemented with playful activities and stories of children's books; investigation of other reasons, beyond the methodological ones, which could interfere in the literacy process; register of the developed activities in a diary. Among the results , we can point not only a theoretical understanding on the literacy process and its difficulties and a chart with the subjects' stages in the literacy process, but also some factors which may delay the writing acquisition process: a) indiscipline related partly on the lack of involvement in some of the developed activities; b) low self-esteem, asking for frequent reward during the activities; c) irregular frequency causing breaks in the pedagogical sequence; d)health problems; e) devaluation of reading and writing in their familiar environment, among others. The increase of the presence of the students in the second stage of the project is an indicator of a greater interest in the proposed activities, considered to be more varied and individualized, more adapted to the students' individual rhythms, and consequently, more motivating.

The research brings visions and points of view on the issue of faith. The investigation of this question has taken place in a health institution that treats patients with infectious diseases, where we could examine the influence of faith in the treatment and recovery of inpatients and the view of some health care professionals within the same institution. The theoretical and phenomenological approach has been adopted in the present study.

Among the relapsed diseases in Brazil, at the moment, dengue is the most important arboviruses that affects humans. The mapping for the understanding of spatial-temporal distribution allied to the comprehension of the spread of disease and the effectiveness of prophylactic and control actions are directly related to effective decision making in the control of epidemics and are the objectives of this paper. With this aim was developed a geographic information system for urban area, adopting the square as minimum unit of study, based on data submitted by the Secretary of Health of Araraquara. The municipality experienced a significant increase in reported cases during the study period. This epidemic occurred in function of the combination of a number of factors, including: the suitable conditions for proliferation of the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti; the lack of resources and structure of the public sector, besides the absence of preventive practices by the population.

Iodotherapy is one of the medicinal nuclear therapeutics that employs radioactive iodine as the radionuclide. This treatment, carried out in hospitals, requires radioprotection procedures to guard the patients, the medical team and the environment against contamination. A discussion regarding the application of this therapeutic shows the importance of implanting programs to manage radioactive residues which are generated in hospital units.