Repositório RCAAP

In commodities markets, the development of the sugarcane industry is related to the production of three widely accepted products: sugar, ethanol, and bioelectricity. Regarding the exports politics of sugar and ethanol, the corporations have adopted strategies connecting food and energy sectors to insert their products on global markets. This paper aims to analyze the spatial dynamics of sugar and ethanol exports in the state of Minas Gerais, considering its productive structures, distribution networks, and international buyer’s market in the period between 1997 and 2017. The methodology used consists of a literature review, collection and data analysis related to the sugarcane industry. In the Minas Gerais state, the socioeconomic dynamic of production and exploitation of sugar and ethanol is concentrated in companies located in the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba regions, which have mostly used national road haulage, port’s structure and international maritime transport to connect production units and global markets.

Frente a una sociedad patriarcal, capitalista y opresiva, existe la urgente necesidad de comprender la visibilidad de la fuerza laboral femenina, especialmente de las mujeres rurales, aún más vulnerables dentro de esta lógica. Cuando se habla del papel de las mujeres en la agricultura, especialmente en el café de Minas Gerais, es necesario comprender la participación y la valorización de estas mujeres en los sectores de cooperativismo, gestión de la propiedad, división sexual del trabajo, reconocimiento del mercado, así como múltiples horas de trabajo, que caen sobre la mujer. Además, es importante discutir el género en la geografia agraria principalmente porque hay pocos trabajos que abordan las relaciones de género en el campo y, por lo tanto, pocos trabajos y autores que trabajen en este tema. Palabras-clave: Mujeres. División Sexual del Trabajo. Cultivo del café. Cooperativismo. Agricultura familiar.

Faced with the expansion of sugarcane and sugarcane plantations in the Triângulo Mineiro, especially since the 2000s, we observed new territorial (re)organizations that incorporate elements to the social reproduction strategies of the peasants of this region, established from the relationship between the corporate logic of sugar-energy production and peasant agriculture. The Boa Esperança community, located in the City of Frutal (MG), has in its history a diversified peasant production, but the process of advance of the sugarcane front has been limiting and imposing a series of transformations and, consequently, adaptations in the productive and sociocultural scope of families. This movement was evident from the year 2006, with the installation of two plants of the sector in the township. Thus, the present paper aims presents the analysis and results acquired in my master research at the Federal Universality of Uberlandia, based on a peasant equilibrium discussion developed by Jan Douwe an der Ploeg, reevaluating the conjecture that put forward a new community dynamic, such its peasant characteristics of organization, and strategies stablished from productive forces allied to Capital and the peasant.

Despite the changes in society, the role of women remains little altered in family farming, both in the sexual division of labor, and their roles are assessed by men as lighter (domestic, caring for the elderly and children) and when working agricultural, it is conceived as a "help" to men. In coffee-producing family farming in the South / Southwest Minas mesoregion, the situation is not very different. However, since the creation of COOPFAM (Cooperativa dos Agricultores Familiares de Poço Fundo e Região), which has a differentiated logic of valuing family members and focused on the organic production system, the situation of women begins to change, from fair trade certification, which spawned the creation of MOBI (Mulheres Organizadas Buscando Independência) and “women's coffee”. This study aimed to understand the profile of women from COOPFAM's organic and cooperative coffee farms in the county of Poço Fundo-MG. The access to the cooperative's decisions made these women know their rights, seeking their valorization also in the family production unit, although their struggle is continuous.

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como ações coletivas, estimulam as relações humanas e favorecem o desenvolvimento territorial. Buscou-se entender a importância da prática da economia popular solidária e a produção de alimentos comercializados na Feirinha Solidária da UFU que, com o auxílio do CIEPS, tem proporcionado melhoria na qualidade de vida de pequenos produtores locais e de pessoas que passaram a consumir produtos mais saudáveis advindos da produção agroecológica. Utilizou-se aporte teórico de Harvey (2016) para compor categoria de análise com a contribuição de outros autores que congregam perspectiva crítica. Verificou-se que os sujeitos envolvidos na economia popular solidária, na articulação com outros atores, encontram uma economia mais digna e justa, dizendo “não” ao lucro como padrão hegemônico do capitalismo, na dinâmica do desenvolvimento territorial.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a contribuição dos alimentos presentes nos editais de chamada pública dos municípios catarinenses para aquisição da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar quanto à oferta de marcadores alimentares saudáveis, no período de 2015 a 2017. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental de abordagem quantitativa e caráter analítico. Com base nos marcadores de alimentação saudável presentes nas chamadas púbicas analisadas, foi identificado, que a quantidade média per capita de frutas e hortaliças contempla a recomendação estipulada pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação – FNDE  (200g/aluno/semana) sendo atendida tanto pela oferta de frutas (r=0,912; p<0,01) como pela oferta de hortaliças (r=859; p<0,01), porém a quantidade média per capita de feijões foi ínfima. Foram observadas 48 variedades no grupo das hortaliças, 35 variedades no grupo das frutas e nove variedades no grupo dos feijões, porém, a variedade do grupo das frutas e feijões se apresentou baixa se comparada à do grupo das hortaliças. Os achados permitem concluir, a partir dos alimentos presentes nas chamadas públicas, que a agricultura familiar tem relevante potencial para a oferta de uma alimentação escolar saudável no estado catarinense. Contudo, para que esse potencial se realize, é importante que os editais sejam mais bem elaborados, de forma a considerar a produção e o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar local, com foco em alimentos saudáveis.

This research aimed to verify the predominance of degraded pastures in expropriated rural properties through the agrarian reform policy that gave rise to rural settlements in Goiás, and also to evaluate the potential of satellite data regarding the determination of the productive conditions of the land. The study presents a comparison between different methods of evaluating pastures. On the one hand, the assessments carried out by the federal government through visual inspection in the field, and on the other, assessments supported by scientific studies on pasture degradation, using remote sensing techniques and Landsat-5 satellite images, obtained from the platform. Google Earth Engine. The results showed that ¾ of the pastures present in the rural properties that gave rise to the rural settlements, had some degree of degradation, revealing that the settlers often inherit environmental liabilities. The results also demonstrated that the use of remote sensing techniques and the methodological adaptations made were able to portray the reality found in the field and that future evaluation of rural properties carried out by the government could incorporate, even partially, the methods presented here.

This article aims to analyze the profile of teaching professionals who work in rural schools in a local context in the semi-arid region potiguar, Brazil. The place of the female gender in school is approached, in the sense of establishing a correlation with the struggle of women in the conquest of social space. It is a mixed study, combining bibliographic and documentary research, using quantitative and qualitative approaches, carried out in rural municipal elementary schools - initial grades, in a small municipality in the semi-arid region potiguar. The data collected revealed important and also worrying issues. An education marked by the presence of women 62% of the total, with multipurpose work, there was a picture of temporary teachers (32%), with low salaries and little appreciation of the professional who works in the rural school. Teaching work, of a temporary nature, represents an exploration of the female masked by underemployment. However, the presence of women in the rural school demonstrates the emancipation of women who assume the commitment to contribute to overcoming oppressive and discriminatory relations in society.  

This article aims to reflect on the existing land conflicts in the municipality of Anapu (PA). It is a municipality formed in the 1970s, with the opening of the Transamazônica highway (BR230), which was promoted by the Brazilian government through of ordering actions and incentives for the production of the territory of this municipality. The guiding hypothesis of the research is that during this process of territorial structuring, strategies and actions contributed to the formation of spaces of conflicts in the country. With the research it was possible to verify that the public policies and actions promoted contributed to the formation of the territory with productive systems based on the concentration of the land and the accumulation of capital, generating social inequalities and spaces of conflicts in the municipality of Anapu, PA.

Os incentivos fiscais e fundiários regulados a partir do estado, imperial e depois republicano, estiveram presentes na formação social e econômica do que atualmente é denominado como região do Vale do Jequitinhonha. Um processo histórico em que a lógica de pilhagem do território a partir da apropriação de recursos minerais, da terra e das gentes foi marcante. Está colocada, desde sua emergência no circuito mundial da acumulação primitiva de capital, a profunda relação entre a mineração e a questão agrária, juntas conjugando uma situação de fronteira no nordeste mineiro. Neste artigo discutimos sobre a formação socioeconômica do Vale do Jequitinhonha, explorando relações com a questão agrária e a mineração, tomando por foco o garimpo tradicional como um modo de vida. Apresentamos, assim, o processo histórico e geográfico de colonização e as disputas contemporâneas que atualizam a situação de fronteira mineral e agrária, expressas na chegada de grandes empresas do setor mineral, na especulação de títulos minerários e no aumento do preço da terra: no período de 1970 a 1999 havia 541 títulos minerários registrados e no período de 2000 a 2018 esse valor subiu para 5068 títulos, ocupando em 2018 uma em área total de 3.7 milhões de hectares!

A moradia citadina dos proprietários rurais se constituía um fenômeno restrito, basicamente, aos grandes proprietários. Contudo, a observação dos dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2006 e 2017, mostrou que este fenômeno tem se estendido, também, para produtores de menor porte. Em decorrência do crescimento deste fenômeno, os deslocamentos rotineiros entre a cidade e o campo têm se tornado mais frequentes na atualidade. Este artigo analisou o perfil socioeconômico dos proprietários rurais com moradia citadina, assim como as características produtivas de seus estabelecimentos. Para isso, foram utilizados os dados dos Censos Agropecuários de 2006 e 2017, realizados pelo IBGE. Os resultados evidenciaram que os estabelecimentos com dirigentes residindo nas cidades eram mais produtivos do que os demais, tendo uma importância significativa para o total da produção agropecuária do Brasil e, particularmente, de Minas Gerais e da Zona da Mata.

This article analyzes the agrarian question and land-related fights in Goiás State, in the context of occupation and territorial transformations. We analyze the phases of Goiás territory occupation and formation processes and the appropriation of indigenous territories, eventually leading to large estates and empowerment of influential people and “masters of the land”. After the waning of gold exploration, the main economic activity in colonial times, large farms were created to raise cattle and promote a subsistence agriculture. Since then, land grabbing, the expropriation and exclusion of workers and indigenous people have become common farmers´ practices so as to have their land expanded. The few families related to land owners have constituted a new breed of land masters, which have bonds with the Federal government and have gained political control over state institutions. The working population was left to organize peasant movements and fight against abuses performed by the dominant class and for access to the land, as an alternative to survive and remain in the country. Important fights have been and will continue to be implemented to change such an unfair reality.  

The debate on Brazilian development, in addition to recurring since its foundation as a nation, is of updated relevance. With the Lula Government, the perspective of territorial development proposed by the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MAD) emerges, which presents a multidimensional and decentralized aspect, with methodologies aimed at social participation. At the regional and local level, the Piedmont Sustainable Family Agriculture Work and Assistance Cooperative (COFASP) is an organization that has stood out in Piemonte of Diamantina, for its role in conducting the territorial policy implemented by the MAD, by appropriating the defended concepts to subsidize its performance, as well as to benefit from public notices published by the State. The objective is to analyze how the territorial development policies and the performance of COFASPI interfere in the dynamics of family farmers in the Piemonte Identity Territory of Diamantina - BA. In a broader perspective, we adopt the dialectical and historical method combined with the quantitative and qualitative analytical method. It was necessary to carry out a literature review, field research, observation and application of questionnaires and interviews. It is believed that the adhesion of COFASPI to public territorial development policies enhanced the cooperative's performance, positively interfering in the dynamics of family farmers in the Piemonte Territory of Diamantina - BA.

El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar un análisis de las especificidades que afectan a las disputas territoriales presentes en las comunidades tradicionales pesqueras de la Baia de Todos os Santos (BTS) y, a partir de esto, los desafíos y perspectivas que implican la regularización de sus territorios. La BTS considerada la segunda mayor bahía de Brasil, posee un área superior a 1,1 mil km² y un perímetro de 200 km. Actualmente, abarca en su entorno 16 municipios que tiene, entre sus principales actividades económicas, la práctica de la pesca artesanal. En BTS existen alrededor de 241 comunidades pesqueras identificadas y más de 72.949 mil pescadores artesanales registrados que sobreviven de la pesca y el marisco. Sin embargo lo que se observa es que los ambientes que constituyen la BTS - los mismos utilizados por las comunidades tradicionales pesquerías - han sido gradualmente ocupados, privatizados, contaminados, etc. De ahí el surgimiento de las disputas territoriales y, también, la necesidad de la regularización del territorio tradicional local. Metodologicamente, buscamos a través de la realización de encuestas bibliográficas, estadísticas, cartográficos y de la realización de investigación de campo, construir una base de datos que nos ha permitido identificar y analizar las principales especificidades que implican a las comunidades pesqueras del litoral de baiano en BTS; así como espacializar a través de tablas y mapas temáticos la distribución de estas comunidades y las principales disputas territoriales vivenciadas. Tales etapas nos han llevado a pensar en los desafíos y perspectivas que implican la regularización de los territorios pesqueros en el litoral de Bahia. Tales etapas nos han llevado a pensar en los desafíos y perspectivas que implican la regularización de los territorios pesqueros en el litoral baiano.

El presente articulo tiene como objetivo analizar las formas de (re)existencias y procesos de luchas de movimiento jornalero/campesino en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía, España, en vista del proceso historico de acaparamiento y consecuente expropiación de los campesinos de sus tierras. Se hará especial hincapié en el caso de Marinaleda. La orientación metodologica para la realización de este trabajo incluyó la investigación bibliografica sobre la realidad agrária andaluza, además de la recopilación de datos primarios y secundarios. Las luchas del movimiento jornalero en Andalucía, identificadas por el SOC/SAT, expresan la relación dialectica entre sus formas de ser y la relación desigual entre sus contextos de producción, que no solo tienen dimensiones económicas, sino politicas, ambientales y culturales. Sus actividades diárias que provienen de la formación del Unión, los oponen claramente a aquellos que tienen intereses antagônicos con los suyos, destacando la dimension de las relaciones de clase y poder.

The fires in Brazil, in 2019, took on unprecedented proportions. The fire outbreaks were identified in several biomes in the country. Although there may be natural Cerrado fires,  fact that can contribute to the renewal of some plants, those that are caused result in great damage to the environment and to the productive areas, bringing about incalculable losses. In this article, it is evaluated, in a gerenal perspective, the actions of the fire in the Cerrado and, in a specific way, the event (fire) that took place in Rio Paraíso settlement, Jataí-GO, in 2019. For this analysis, the understanding of spatial vulnerability was taken as a reference, comprehending that specialized production denies the characteristics of the small property, characterized by polyculture and diversified animal husbandry. Thus, the specialization of production, as it occurs in Rio Paraíso Settlement, where soybean and corn monocultures predominate, makes producers more vulnerable, such as the one that resulted in the fires that reached many producers in the settlement in 2019. In a preliminary survey it can be seen that the recovery of losses will take some years, perhaps there will be recovery. The data described in this article were obtained through information from residents of the settlement and the Fire Department, from newspaper articles that registered the event and from interviews with employees of COPARPA Cooperative (present in the settlement) in the city of Jataí. Keyword: Cerrado fires. Land Settlement. Vulnerability. Biodiesel. Family rural worker.

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as motivações para a mobilidade cotidiana campo-cidade dos moradores do distrito de Cipolândia, município de Aquidauana/MS, e sua relação com a estrutura interna de equipamentos urbanos. A pesquisa tem abordagem quali/quantitativa e, metodologicamente, foi dividida em duas etapas: pesquisa de gabinete (coleta dos dados secundários); e pesquisa de campo, com observação direta, realização de entrevistas e aplicação de formulários. Os resultados revelam que os principais motivos para a mobilidade cotidiana à cidade são a realização de compras para casa e compras pessoais, a realização de consultas ou exames médicos, o recebimento de pagamento ou aposentadoria e o pagamento de contas. Motivações que se relacionam diretamente com a (in) satisfação dos moradores com a estrutura interna do distrito, sendo os equipamentos de comércio para compras para casa e pessoais, de serviços bancários e de lazer, esporte e recreação, os mais deficitários no atendimento aos moradores. Ademais, atividades como visitar parentes ou amigos, comprar combustível, realizar manutenção de veículo e ir à cidade apenas para levar alguém também são desenvolvidas, cotidianamente, por parte dos moradores em seus deslocamentos à cidade.

Forest agribusiness has advanced in the Território Caminhos do Tibagi, imposing a hegemonic model of land exploitation, aiming at profit for a small group of people. This model is inserted in the historical process of exploitation of this territory by the ruling classes, with state support. This model of development and occupation of the territory results in a series of socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Peasant territories resist and present alternatives to another model of territorial development.

Milk production has been one of the main pillars of support for families in rural areas. However, the lack of management and family succession has been a recurring theme in the debate on barriers to strengthening family farming, especially in dairy farming. In this context, this work aimed to systematize and report the experience of a family of milk producers. The study was carried out on a rural property, Agropecuária Zambiasi, located in the municipality of Coqueiros do Sul, in the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. To collect the information, an interview was conducted with the family, using a semi-structured script, developed in the discipline of Rural Property Management, from the Professional Master's Course in Rural Development at the University of Cruz Alta. It can be said that shared management, control of zootechnical and economic indicators, incentives for the study of successors and remuneration for their work, have guaranteed the sustainability of Agropecuária Zambiasi          

The practice of Urban Agriculture (UA) permeates the reproduction aspects of specific rural activities within cities, although it also encompasses this premise, AU emerges as a practice recognized for the cultivation of diverse cultures and the breeding of animals in urban areas. In the city of Fortaleza, this activity is spatialized in some neighborhoods, among which the Lagoa Redonda neighborhood stands out because it concentrates a significant amount of gardens, which guides the debate about the permanence of these gardens in view of the different uses that urban soil acquires mainly in the context of the territorial disputes of the urban space. Therefore, it deals with the benefits and provisions that such activity exercises, which leads the reflection on how the established use and occupation can be liable and possible for reproduction. The research used bibliographic and secondary data surveys, visits at a location in the neighborhood, in specific institutes and laboratories, as well as the aid of geoprocessing techniques for the analysis and preparation of cartographic material. The results encourage the analysis and understanding of the feasibility of a use and occupation that takes advantage of the spaces for the reproduction of UA and the implementation of a specific policy for the activity.