Repositório RCAAP

This article is based on the analysis of citizenship competencies to respond to the demand for integral human development in the humanities. This paper explores the relationship between citizenship training in education and human development necessary for the formation of democratic citizens. The text also presents different controversies that gravitate around the concept of citizenship in the light of various theoretical conceptions and assumes a position that favors its application in educational proposals in an international context. Furthermore, unveiling the sources that generate the conception of the formation of citizens throughout history presupposes analyzing the synergies that characterize the models of citizenship and the educational projection of each educational stage. The importance of reflecting on the rationality of pedagogical decisions comprises an exercise to recognize the challenge implied by the new challenges of our time, from the processes of formation for the exercise of global citizenship. The problem discussed is the confrontation of knowledge, within the framework of integral education, highlighting the limitations of representative democracy. The objective is to raise the importance of the formation of citizenship competencies with a critical look at education for global citizenship, which implies connecting the local and global scale in an integral way, in order to highlight the relevance of an education for world citizenship.

Pesquisadores que atuaram, no ano de 2018, como pareceristas ad hoc em processos de avaliação por pares de artigos submetidos à Revista Acta Scientiarum.Education.

Pesquisadores que atuaram, no ano de 2019, como pareceristas ad hoc em processos de avaliação por pares de artigos submetidos à Revista Acta Scientiarum.Education.

Pesquisadores que atuaram, no ano de 2020, como pareceristas ad hoc em processos de avaliação por pares de artigos submetidos à Revista Acta Scientiarum.Education.

Pesquisadores que atuaram, no ano de 2021, como pareceristas ad hoc em processos de avaliação por pares de artigos submetidos à Revista Acta Scientiarum.Education.

Field experimental data from a ten-year period were utilized to characterize the phenological pattern of twelve cultivars of wine grapes in the Serra Gaúcha region, located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The phenological phases of budbreak, flowering, veraison, maturation and leaf fall were analyzed in order to describe the phenology and to determine the average number of days for each subperiod. Considering the average date of budbreak, the cultivars could be classified as early (Chardonnay, White Niagara, Pinot Noir, Ives, Riesling Itálico and Concord), medium (Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Isabel Sport and Cabernet Sauvignon) and late (Trebbiano and White Moscato). The cv. Chardonnay had the earliest maturation date, while the cv. White Moscato had the latest one. The vegetative cycle had an average duration of 266 days for the whole set of cultivars, ranging from 245 days for the cv. Concord to 280 days for the cv. Pinot Noir. 

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the development of under three grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivars, AG 3001, DK 48 and CS 111 and two sowing dates and three different soil tillage systems conventional tillage, no tillage and subsoiling. The experiment was conducted during the 1993/94 growing season at the campus of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, in Vacacaf soil unit. The results demonstred that convencional tillage had a higher grain productivity (5729 kg/ha). The cultivar DK 48 and cultivar AG 3001 was the most productive resulted respectely in 5618 kg/ ha and 5547 kg/ha, but did not statisticaly differ under himself . The subsoiling treatment did not affect productivity of grains, but kept higher soil moisture lawer and soil compactation. The different sowing dates did not affect produtivity.

 This work was undertaken on a pineapple field at the Terra de Areia county, State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southem Brazil, and under laboratory conditions at FEPAGRO - Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária. The objective was to study field occurrence of T basalides and to evaluate estrategies of controling the pineapple fruits borer caterpilar Thecla basalides. Results showed that greater infestations and damages took place during and after fiowering stage. The biological insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis was efficient in controlling the T basalides boreas caterpillar, and may be used in a biological control program. Azinphos ethyl and carbaryl were the chemicals that gave the best control. 

 In this work, the effect of the insecticide treatments on the adults of the parasitoids Aphidius spp. were evaluated. The following insecticides and amounts of the active ingredient /ha were used: clorpyriphos (112,4); methyl demeton (125)); dimethoate (250); phosphamidon (300); monocrotophos (120) and permethryn (25). The results ohtained showed that, besides permethrin, ali other insecticidas caused 100% of mortality in parasitoid population. 

 Responses of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) adulta to twelve natural and sweeted fruit juices were studied. With natural juices, highest captures occurred on traps baited with peach, "guabiroba", black berry, and orange, whereas with sweetish juices were on feijoa, "guabiroba", Brazilian guava, peach and guava. For all juices, more females than males were captured when they were sweeted. With natural juices, highest captures of females occurred on peach, "guabiroba", orange, black berry and Brazilian guava, and with sweetish juices were on Brazilian guava, "guabiroba", feijoa, peach and guava. Highest increasing in captures of females, when sugar was added, occurred on Brazilian guava, feijoa, "guabiroba", guava and wild cherry juices.

Aiming to evaluate the potential of open cross com cultivars in adverse environment conditions, 46 coro genotypes were tested in 1993/94 and 1994/95. There were 34 landrace cultivars, 9 improved varietics and 3 commercial hybrids, used as control. The experimental design was the lattice (6 x 6), which 3 replications and two 5 m long rows as experimental units. No were realized soil correction (pH 5.1), nitrogen fertilization and pests control. The open cross cultivars showed similar yield potential to the commercial hybrids, and can be recommended to be used in low financial support rural properties. Some landrace cultivars, duc to it's yield potential combined which others agronomic interesting traits, deserve more attention from breeders in future works.

With the purpose of evaluating initial growth of com seeded into oats or hairy vetch cover crops, managed with and without herbicide, a trial was conducted in greenhouse, in the Agronomy School of UFRGS, in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Treatments consisted of several systems tested in com pre-seeding (application of the herbicides 2,4-D or glyphosatc over oat plants or over the soil without this crop; com seeded into oats or hairy vetch cover crops not treated with herbicides; and com seeded in soil without cover crops, as well as without herbicide application). There 'ware also tested threc com seeding dates (0, l I and 22 days after herbicide applications). There were not observed interactions between factors tested; nevertheless, significant differences occurred for com plants dry matter when the crop was seeded at various intervals after herbicide applications. Glyphosatc or 2,4-D applications did not affect com plants growth; however, precedent crops of oats or hairy vetch reduced development of these piam& The combination of herbicide application and of oats cover crop affected com plants growth in a similar manner as did oats alone.

Two assay objecting rooting development of marcela cutting were evaluated: 1) evaluation of rooting development under different periods (15, 30, 45, 60 days); 2) rooting cuttings under different doses (O, 50, 150, 250 ppm) of indolbutyric acid IRA, at 10 and 20 days. Experimental design of randomized blocks was utilized in the first essay and 4 x 2 factorial in the second. Apical softwood cutting, 15 cm long were arranged in isopor seedling boxes, 72 in each box. In the second essay cuttings were dipping in the solution of AIB for a periods of 24 hours. The rooting of cuttings showed development from 15 days, however, the best rooting formation was around 45 days; different AIB doses when compared with control showed the best rooting, however the estimam dose of 180 ppm was the more adequate; A113 allowed higher fresh and dray weight of roots and decreasing root periods at least 10 days. 

The objective of this experimento wás to evaluate the effect of border row densities on grain yield and homogeneity of variances in com experiment as well as segmentation of the plots as a mean to increase experiment precision. It was conducted in Santa Maria, RS, during the 1995/96 growing season using four border row densities and two plant populations and the plot was divided in three segmento. There was effect of border row densities on grain yield of the plots and this effect was equal for both populations used. No consistent effect of border row densities on the homogeneity of variances was observed. Segmentation of the plots resulted in an increase in the precision of the experiment. Differences between yields based on yield componente and yields obtained directly wem found.

The adjustment of adaptative characters such as heading date and height, allows one to arrange successive culturcs and to apply efficient agronomic techniques, resulting in productivity increase. Methods that increase genetic variability have great significance in plant breeding, once they amplify the opportunities for selecting superior genotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of induced mutations and reciprocai crosses in families segregating for heading date and height and to analyze the correlation between these characters. The populations were obtained from reciproca] crosses and induced mutation with gamma radiation. In the latter, radiation dosages of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 kR were obtained from exposition to Cobalt - 60. Changes in the mean and variance in two triticale genotypes Triticale BR4 e EMBRAPAI8, were analyzed. The results obtained indicated families with wide scgregation patterns for heading date and height and also suggested the possibility to identify families with distinct values compared to the control population for both characters and both genotypes. There was a tendency to reductions in height and increases in heading date for the families evaluated. However, there was not an expressive correlation between heading date and height for the majority of the treatments, therefore allowing the breeder to select plant types adapted to the enviroment of cultivation.

The changes in plant traits observed in the most recent com cultivars determine the need of reviewing the recommendation of management practices. With the objective to evaluate the response of three com hybrids (Cargill 901, Pioneer 3063 e Pioneer 3207) to four plant densities (30, 50, 70 e 90 000 pilha), in two management level, two experiments were conducted at Rio Pardo-RS, Brazil, in the 1994/95 growing season. The experiment with high level of management received supplementary irrigation and a higher level of fertilization than the experiment with medium level of management. In both trials, there were differences among hybrids in their response to plant population. In the trial with high management level, plant populations that gave maximum grain yields were higher than that with medium management levei. The hybrids evaluated presented low increase in the percent of barren planto and low reduction in the ear number per plant as plant density was increased, in the two management level.

Most breeding programs uses grain yield as the main selection criterium to improve the agronomic performance of crop varieties. An alternative approach to improve productivity is the ideotype breeding. According to this philosophy, breeders should define an ideal plant type for a specific environment and then breed for this ideotype. Breeding through crop ideotypes is positive in terms of integrating principies of physiology, ecology and plant breeding, encoraging the generation of hypothesis about how yield is achieved and providing a holistic view about production systems. Ideotype breeding also presents some problems, such as the difficulty of identifying individual traits that enhance yield universally, abscence of adequate genetic variability for potentially yield enhancing traits and the need to select simultaneously for many characters rather than just for yield, increasing the size of lhe segregating population to evaluate. The major benefits of ideotype breeding have been expressed at a conceptual and analytical levei rather than in immediate direct yield improvements.

The faba beans was tested in the swine feeding at Santa Rosa Research and Production Estation, using forty castred male pigs from Landrace x Large White crossing. With an initial weight of 23.0 kg, the pigs were distributed at a completely randomized blocks and slaughtered when they reached 110.0 kg. The carcass were evaluated by the Brasilian Carcass Classification Method, being analised the industrial cameous cut and colected samples from the subcutaneuos fatness for iodine index analysis. The protein from soybean meai was substituted in O , 25 , 50 , 75 , and 100% for the faba bean protein at five treatments with ligth replications each. The resulta did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) at the growing period up to 100% of substitution and at the finishing period up to 50% of substitution. The carcass characteristics, the industrial cameous cut, and the fatness quality were not influenced by the addition of faba beans up to the level of 56.2% in the growing period and up to 33.4% at the finishing period (P > 0.05), corresponding up to 100% of substitution.

Although having the highest alfalfa production in Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Sul has higly limiting climatic conditions for this important forrage crop. The occurrence of drought periods from the end of spring to the end of summer, can be considered the most important problem in this aspect, since the termal conditions for growth and biomass production by this crop are totally appropriated in that period. A comparative analysis of water availability for alfalfa was performed, taking finto account an homogeneous data base of an eleven years period (1980/90), collected in eleven weather stations representing the ecoclimatic regions of Rio Grande do Sul. The maximum evapotranspiration (ETm) of alfalfa was estimated and serial water balances were calculated, for ten days periods, adopting a soil water storage capacity of 75 mm. The annual average maximum evapotranspiration for alfalfa ranged from 1194 mm (Serra do Sudeste region) to 1832 mm (Baixo Vale do Uruguai region). The highest frequency of water deficits occurred during the summer season, which can be related to the highest atmospheric evaporative demand in that period. The annual amount of water deficit for alfalfa is over than 100 mm in all over the State. Litoral Norte and Planalto Superior — Serra do Nordeste regions showed the lowest water deficits and the highest ETr/ETm ratio, while the highest annual amount of water deficit (419 mm) and the lowest ETr/ETm ratio occurred in Baixo Vale do Uruguai region. 

The effects of four arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi species (Gigaspora margarita, Scutellosporaheterogama, Acaulospora muricata and Glomus mosséae) and two leveis of phosphorus (O and 22 kg of P/ha) and the inoculationof A. muricata and Araxá rock phosphate leveis (O, 44 and 88 kg of P/ha) on dry matter (DM) yield, and nitrogen (N) andphosphorus (P) contents and uptake by plants of Brachiaria humidicola were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, utilizinga clayey Yellow Latosol (Oxisol), previously sterilized. Independently of P levei, S. heterogama and G. margarita affectedsignificantly DM yields and P contents. Higher N concentrations were obtained with the inoculation of G. margarita and G.mosseae, in the absence of phosphate, wbereas in the presence of phosphate, plants inoculated with A. muricata presented thehighest N contents. Root colonization was increased by phosphate addition, mainly on the inoculations with G. margarita andS. heterogama The AM inoculation, alone or combined with rock phosphate fertilization, promoted significative incrementson DM yields and N and P contents and uptake. There were no significative effects of P leveis. Rock phosphate fertilizationimproved the efficiency of response to AM inoculation, and a synesgistic effect was observed. The root colànization was notaffected by rock phosphate fertilization.