Repositório RCAAP

The aim of this report was to investigate in the albino rat the morphological effects of prolonged treatment with phenobarbital on the repair of induced diaphysary bone failure of the left radius. Forty-day-old experimental male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were treated daily with subcutaneous dose of 105 mg/kg weight of phenobarbital (Gardenal, Rhodia®), for 50, 70 and 90 days of treatment. A control group was treated daily with 0.9% NaCl isotonic solution for the same periods, similar to the experimental rats. On the 30th day of treatments a 2 mm diaphysary bone failure was surgically made in the left radius of the rats of the both groups. The left radius was collected post-mortem on 20th, 40th and 60th days after the surgeries and was processed histologically for light microscope studies, with emphasis to morphometric analyses. The diaphysary bone failures of experimental rats showed a lesser volumetric range of renewed osseus tissue, when compared to the osseous tissue regeneration presented in diaphysary bone failures of control rats. The results allowed to conclude that phenobarbital prolonged treatment inhibits the osteogenesis in long bones, retarding the process of diaphysary bone failure repair in rat.

Foram colhidos seis ejaculados de seis diferentes cachaços e diluídos com Androhep e Merck III, utilizando-se diferentes temperaturas de refrigeração. Após avaliação (aparência, volume, concentração, motilidade e morfologia), o ejaculado foi fracionado em porções de 100 ml (2 bilhões/ml) e diluído na proporção 1 + 1. As porções de sêmen foram resfriadas lenta (32ºC ;Þ; 20ºC ;Þ; 17ºC ;Þ; 5ºC) ou rapidamente (32ºC ;Þ; 5ºC) durante 2, 24 ou 48 horas. Após cada intervalo de refrigeração, 5 ml de sêmen foram incubados a +38ºC e avaliados quanto à aparência, volume, concentração, motilidade e morfologia4. A refrigeração das diferentes porções foi medida por um termômetro eletrônico (Therm Typ 2280-8, Fa. Minitüb - from -200,0 until + 600,0ºC) introduzindo-se o eletrodo no sêmen. A refrigeração lenta mostrou maior motilidade e NAR (p<0,05) do que a rápida. Não houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os diluentes Androhep e BTS, mas o diluente Merck III teve influência inferior sobre a qualidade do sêmen de suíno.

From February to June 1992, were made 85 semen collections from adult male goats, belonging to the following breeds: Alpine, Saanen, Toggemburg and Anglonubian. Seminal material was divided into 193 samples frozen in TRIS and fat-free milk diluents, through two freezing methods, that is, with and without seminal plasma. Physical and morphologic characteristics were evaluated soon after collections, having been found individual variations in volume, progressive motility, and sperm pathology. In thawed samples, new evaluations of progressive motility were made, as well as thermorresistance tests (TRT) and ratio of intact acrosomal caps. Samples diluted in TRIS with 2.6% of egg-yolk were more efficient in freezing process than those in fat-free milk diluent. Withdraw of seminal plasma did not affect the results of freezing. Relatively to acrosomal caps there were no noted differences. Three months later, samples diluted in TRIS without seminal plasma had lost progressive motility.

A utilização de sêmen congelado tornou-se extremamente comum na prática da inseminação artificial em cães, estimulando a pesquisa de métodos de congelação e diluidores. Neste estudo foram avaliadas as propriedades criopreservativas do etileno glicol na concentração final de 5%, utilizado em 3 diferentes protocolos de congelação. No Método I, uma parte de sêmen foi adicionada a duas partes de tris-frutose-ácido cítrico, contendo 7,5% de etileno glicol e congelado sem prévia refrigeração. No Método II, uma parte de sêmen foi adicionada a duas partes de tris-frutose-ácido cítrico contendo 7,5% de etileno glicol e resfrigerado até 5ºC por 1 hora antes da congelação. No Método III, uma parte de sêmen foi adicionada a uma parte de tris-frutose-ácido cítrico sem etileno glicol e refrigerado até 5ºC por 1 hora, sendo em seguida adicionada uma parte de tris-frutose-ácido cítrico, previamente refrigerado até 5ºC, contendo 15% de etileno glicol, mantido a 5ºC por mais 1 hora e congelado. Para a congelação em cada método, o sêmen foi envasado em palhetas plásticas de 0,5 ml, colocadas em vapor de nitrogênio a 5 cm da coluna líquida por 20 minutos, mergulhadas no nitrogênio líquido e armazenadas. Todas as amostras foram descongeladas em banho-maria a 37ºC durante 30 segundos e imediatamente avaliadas. O Método III não apresentou decréscimo significante da motilidade retilínea progressiva após a descongelação e apresentou os melhores resultados para o vigor espermático, comparando-se aos demais métodos. Entretanto, os 3 métodos não apresentaram diferença significativa com relação aos defeitos espermáticos pós-descongelação. Os tipos de defeitos mais freqüentemente encontrados foram cabeça solta normal, cauda dobrada, fortemente dobrada e fortemente enrolada. Foi possível concluir que o tempo de equilíbrio maior no diluidor tris-frutose-ácido cítrico seguido pela diluição em etileno glicol antes da congelação parece produzir para os espermatozóides de cães a melhor motilidade retilínea progressiva e vigor após a descongelação.

Relationships between weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI), duration of estrus (DE) and moment of ovulation (MO) were studied. A total of 236 sows were observed to record the data of WEI and DE, which were tested by back pressure 4 times a day, in the presence of a boar. The ovulation was diagnosed in 77 sows, by transcutaneous ultrasonography, 3 times a day at 8-hour interval. There was negative correlation between WEI and DE (r=-0.4657; p=0.0001) and between WEI and MO (r=-0.3955; p=0.0004), however, there was no correlation between DE and MO (r=0.2201; p=0.0578). The percentage of females that ovulated between 0 to 24, 24 to 48, 48 to 72 and over 72 hours after the onset of estrus was, respectively, 0%, 58.4%, 37.5% and 4.2% to WEI of 3 days, 3.2%, 67.7%, 29.2% and 0% to WEI of 4 days, 0%, 91.6%, 8.3% e 0% to WEI of 5 days and 10%, 90%, 0% and 0% to WEI of 6 and 7 days. In these conditions, the WEI was not a good reference to be utilized as a predictor of ideal moment of insemination. However, the information about the characteristics WEI, DE and MO within each herd help to point the mistakes and to develop AI programs.

In order to evaluate the efficacy of puncture-biopsy technique on the diagnostic of acute, sub-acute or chronic fasciolosis in sheep raised in epidemiological region, an investigation involving two groups of animals was carried out. Group 1 was made up by 65 sheep, which were later slaughterhouse, and Group 2 was made up by 12 animals, which were randomly selected from a single flock from the same area. From the sheep belonging to the Group 1, besides the biopsies, they were sampled faeces and all the livers were evaluated at slaughterhouse. Yet the animals that made up Group 2, besides biopsied, were sampled aiming F. hepatica ova detection under coprologic test. The biopsy’s material was histologically processed and stained by H.E. and Masson methods. All the animals that were positive for F. hepatica under coprologic test, as well as some that were negative, were positives to puncture-biopsy methodology. This technique proved to be an excellent toll for the diagnostic of F. hepatica infection, either acute, sub-acute or chronic. This method was also considered to be more sensitive than faecal single test, mostly in areas which parasite prevalence is known.

The records of 29 dogs, grouped according to breed, sex, age and neurological status, as well as duration of symptoms, T-L disks involved, time elapsed for functional recovery, and success rates were studied. The Dachshund represented 55.18% (n = 16) of the cases, mongrel dogs, 13.8% (n = 4), Poodle, Basset Hound and English Cocker Spaniel, 6.89% each (n = 6) and German Shepherd, Beagle and Pinscher, 3.45% each (n = 3), being 51.72% males and 48.28%, females, with a mean age of 68.03 months. The neurological status corresponded to 13.8% of the dogs belonging to GI (pain), 41.8% to GII (paresis), 27.6% to GIII (paraplegia, with positive deep pain) and 17.2% to GIV (paraplegia with loss of deep pain). Symptoms varied in duration between two and 60 days, corresponding the averages of 18.5 days (GI), 12.3 days (GII), 8.28 days (GIII) and 4.2 days (GIV). Percentage of affected disks was: T10/11 (10.81%), T11/12 (24.33%), T12/13 (40.55%), T13/L1 (16.21%) and L1/2, L2/3 and L3/4, 2.7% each. Mean time of recovery, in days, was: 16 (GI), 19.1 (GII), 20.6 (GIII) and 30.6 (GIV), when 100% of dogs in groups I, II and III recovered both neurological and motor functions. Group IV showed 80% of success. It is concluded that ventral fenestration yields excellent results, although proper case selection must be considered.

A avaliação das doenças hepáticas nos felinos requer uma série de provas laboratoriais e as rotineiramente empregadas ainda são pouco elucidativas. Em face da escassez de dados e das controvérsias, foi realizada a determinação dos valores pré e pós-prandiais de ácidos biliares séricos (ABS) e de amônia plasmática (AP) e a avaliação da influência do período de estocagem. Os valores de ABS pré e pós-prandiais, por método enzimático-colorimétrico, de vinte gatos sadios, adultos, foram de 0,5 ± 0,1 e 3,6 ± 1,0 µmol/l, respectivamente. No que tange aos valores pré e pós-prandiais de AP obtidos 30 minutos após a colheita de sangue (157,0 ± 18,7 µg/dl ou 89,5 ± 10,7 µmol/l e 295,3 ± 28,2 µg/dl ou 165,2 ± 17,3 µmol/l), determinados pelo método eletrodo íon-específico, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante, mas esta diferença deixou de existir ao se determinarem os níveis de amônia nas mesmas amostras estocadas (a -20ºC) por 24 e 48 horas. Esses resultados sugerem que a amostra de plasma não deve ser armazenada para posterior mensuração de amônia. Os valores observados para os ABS e AP poderão ser cotejados com aqueles obtidos em felinos com suspeita de afecção hepática, e assim auxiliar no diagnóstico e prognóstico.

Three soluble antigens were compared by radial immunodiffusion (RID) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests: a native haptene (NH) from Brucella melitensis 16M, and a polysaccharide (PS) from B. abortus 1119-3, both obtained by non-hydrolytic methods, and the (O-Chain) polysaccharide extracted also from B. abortus 1119-3 but using an hydrolytic method. Three groups of bovine sera were tested: a) Naturally infected (n = 76); b) Non-infected (n = 130) and c) S-19 vaccinated (n = 61); the sensitivity (Se), the specificity (Sp) and the ability to differentiate vaccinated (ADV) were determined in each group a, b and c respectively. The highest Se in the RID test (84.3%) was achieved by NH; while the three antigens gave 100% Sp. The O-Chain showed 100% ADV in this test. In the AGID test PS antigen showed the best Se (86.6%), and all antigens showed 100% of Sp and ADV. Finally, for its production qualities and efficiency the antigens PS and NH represent a promising alternative for complementary diagnosis of brucellosis.

To evaluate the effects of somatic cell count (SCC) on the concentrations of milk fat and protein, eletronic analysis of 6112 samples were carried out at the Laboratory of Lactation Phisiology from the Department of Zoology, ESALQ - Univesity of São Paulo. All the SCC data were transformed to a linear score. Increases in the SCC score were associated with increases in fat and protein concentrations. This relationship was highly significant (p<0.0001), but only 6.97% of the fat concentration and 12.3 % of the protein concentration could be accounted for variation of the SCC.

With the aim to elucidate the evolution of endometrial condition after Caslick’s and Pouret’s procedures they were performed in two groups formed by 7 mares with history of subfertility and mares with pneumovagina problems that could justify by their vulvar conformation that kind of surgeries. The evaluation of endometrial condition was performed by biopsy, done just before surgery and 15 and 60 days after the postoperative period and by fertility rates evaluation in both groups. The comparison of the results of post-operative exams to the pre-operative period demonstrated histopathological modifications quite subtle not to provide changes in the endometrial classifications in both groups. Despite of it, the fertility rates observed during the experimental period allowed us to conclude that Caslick’s and Pouret’s corrective procedures provided improvement of the reproductive performance in mares with pneumovagina

Blood samples were collected from 124 captive Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) at Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, anesthetized with ketamine (10 mg/kg, IM). Hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, differential count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH and MCHC) were determined, and influence of sex and age on hematologic values was studied.

The purpose of this trial was to compare the efficiency and effect of consecutive embryo recoveries by three different methods (T1 - transcervical; T2 laparoscopy and T3 laparotomy) on the reproductive activity of goat donors. Ten goats were allocated into each treatment (T1, T2 and T3) and submitted to three consecutive embryo recoveries. These were performed 56 days apart. The superovulation begun on 8th day of oestrus synchronization and all goats received 250 UI of porcine FSH splited into eight decreasing dosages at 12 hours intervals. The embryo recovery took place on the 5th or 6th day from the last mating. Fifty-six days after the third recovery of embryos, the animals were sacrified and the genital tract was evaluated. The time spent to recovery the embryos was 21min 32sec; 37min 14sec and 56min 22sec, respectively to T1; T2 and T3 (p<0.01). T3 showed the highest recovery rate of washing solution (83.7%), followed by T2 (72.2%) and T1 (64.3%) (p<0.05). Embryo recovery rate had as mean values, 57.1; 81.1 and 27.3%, respectivily to T1, T2 and T3. The variation ranged between 0 and 100%. Several factors affected the embryo recovery rate, such as the presence of demised corpora lutea, the ovulation rate and the presence of adhesions in the genital tract. Nonetheless, embryo recevery rate was acceptable in all treatments. The T1 caused eversion of endometrium and adherence between the uterine horn and epiploon in one animal, the T2 caused 30, 40 and 60% of endometrium eversion and 10, 10 and 70% adherence on genital tract, respectively, for the first, second and third embryo recovery. The T3 caused 80% of adherence on genital tract after the first embryo recovery and 100% after the second. It is possible to use the methods T1 and T2 to recovery embryos in goats.

To identify the bacterial population in the milk of healthy mares and with subclinical mastitis, samples (10 to 15 ml) of 38 animals were collected, homogenized and examined using the Whiteside test. The results were negative. The microbiological culture was carried out in 10% agar bovine serum and in agar MacConkey. Both exams revealed the presence of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., predominantly. The somatic cell counts (SCC) was performed in individual samples of each teat and showed a number higher than 500,000 cels/ml of milk in only 9.3% of the 73 samples examined. These results obtained suggest that new researches should be done aiming the standardization of the somatic cell in equine milk.

Twenty-four ejaculates were collected from five boars for the conventional freezing procedure at the Veterinary School of Hannover (group 1A-1B) and for an extended holding time procedure (group 2A-2B and 3A-3B). The semen were prediluted in two different diluents, coconut water in natura and Merck I medium before freezing (experiment A) and prediluted only with Merck I, but cooling and freezing with coconut water in natura or lactose (experiment B). The semen were arranged into three groups according to the different holding periods before freezing, group 1A-1B (sperm-rich phase, preserved for 4 hours by 15°C), group 2A-2B (sperm-rich phase, preserved for 16 hours by 18°C) and group 3A-3B (total semen, preserved for 16 hours by 18ºC). The quality of the thawed boar spermatozoa was evaluated by subjective motility (SMOT), computerassisted motility (Cell Motion Analyser, Strömberg-Mica - CMOT) and morphology of acrosomal ridges (NAR) after fixation in formol citrate. The acrosomal integrity (NAR) was 65% (group 1A), 71% (group 2A) and 75% (group 3A) for semen prediluted with coconut water and 60% (group 1A), 68% (group 2A) and 68% (group 3A) for semen prediluted with Merck I medium, respectively (experiment A); and 56% (group 1B), 68% (group 2B) and 73% (group 3B) for semen freezing with coconut water diluent, and 60% group 1B), 68% (group 2B and 3B) for semen freezing with lactose (experiment B). Thus, did not differ significantly (p

Three rumen fistulated crossbred Holstein heifers were used to evaluate dry matter and crude protein rumen degradability of three treatments as follows: A) soybean meal (FS); B) extruded semi-whole soybean grains (SSIE); and extruded whole soybean grains (SIE). Experimental design was completely randomized, isolating treatments, animals and replicates in statistical analysis. Results showed that rumen degradability for semi whole or whole extruded soybean grains were lower than for soybean meal. Defatting the whole soybean grain before extrusion resulted in lower protein degradability rates.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de comparar o desempenho produtivo de poedeiras das linhagens Babcock (leve) e Hisex Brown (semipesada) submetidas a descanso forçado utilizando-se os seguintes métodos: (A) Restrição da alimentação (11 dias); (B) Retirada do sal da ração (42 dias); (C) Ração com elevado zinco dietético (2% de ZnO durante 11 dias) e (D) Ração com elevado iodo dietético (0,6852% de KI durante 42 dias). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, sendo utilizadas 128 aves por linhagem, com 66 semanas de idade. Os tratamentos A e C apresentaram produção significativamente melhor no 2º ciclo, bem como melhor conversão alimentar. As aves do tratamento A apresentaram ovos significativamente mais pesados e de qualidade inferior, tanto interna, como externa. A percentagem de produção não diferiu entre as linhagens testadas, embora as poedeiras leves tenham apresentado significativamente melhor conversão alimentar e menor consumo de ração. A linhagem semipesada produziu ovos significativamente mais pesados, de melhor qualidade interna e com qualidade da casca inferior à linhagem de poedeiras leves.

The cloacal bursa’s arteries of 30 males Gallus gallus domesticus were injected whit 50% ARTECOLA® solution, and submitted to dissection. The age of the birds was to 10 to 12 weeks. The vessel’s origin, number and sequence were studied. The results showed the participation of the left and right bursocloacal arteries in all cases, whit the association of the left and right cloacal arteries (16.66%), median caudal artery (6.66%) and caudal mesenteric artery (3.33%). The total branches number, without considering its origin, varied in 2 to 5, being 2 branches the major frequency. The vessel distribution was the same in each bird.

A região epididimária do pombo doméstico compreende a parte principal da rede testicular, os dúctulos eferentes do testículo e o ducto epididimário. Os canais epiteliais da rede testicular são contínuos com o segmento extratesticular da rede, o qual, por sua vez, é seqüente com os dúctulos eferentes proximais e distais e, finalmente, o ducto epididimário se forma em continuidade aos eferentes distais. O epitélio de revestimento deste sistema tubular extratesticular é cúbico simples na rede testicular e pseudo-estratificado colunar nos outros ductos da região epididimária, com células ciliadas e não-ciliadas presentes principalmente nos dúctulos eferentes. As características ultra-estruturais das células epiteliais dos túbulos da região epididimária do pombo, com base comparativa, permitiram inferir que a reabsorção de fluido seminífero parece ser a função principal dessas células, embora outros papéis citofisiológicos foram também propostos, tais como: endocitose adsorptiva, ciliogênese, e possivelmente secreção apócrina nas células não-ciliadas escuras.

A case of toxoplasmosis in an adult male emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator) is reported. The primate was found dead and no clinical sign was noticed before death. Pathological findings included moderate to severe interstitial pneumonia, multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and multifocal to coalescing necrotizing lymphadenitis. Immunohistochemistry assays (strepto-avidin-biotin-peroxidase) performed on paraffin embedded tissues (lung, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, heart, intestine and adipose tissue) were strongly positive for Toxoplasma gondii.