Repositório RCAAP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

One performed a more modern approach on such heat stress to find changes out to compact morphometry in spermatozoon head by computational analysis. One aimed in this work to assess how to compact chromatin and sperm morphometry after have risen testicular temperature, by using experimental cryptorchidism in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), as well as used 30 rabbits: wild rabbit, white, adult, located in the rabbit keeping of University of Uberaba, Uberaba (city), MG (State of Minas Gerais), Brazil. One classified the rabbits into two groups of 15. Both groups were anesthetised, but only the experimental cryptorchidism one underwent a surgical operation. One gathered semen samples within a total of 69 days. One both dyed semen smear of all rabbits by using a toluidine blue dye and afterwards analysed it with a digital microcomputer to assess compacting chromatin and sperm morphometry. Chromatin varied regarding compact intensity (Diff%), homogeneity by coefficient of variation (CV) and aberrant chromatin (AbChr). By analysing morphometrically one assessed: area, perimeter (Perim.), width (w.), length (l.), ratio width:length (w./l.), ellipsity (E.), form factor (FF), lateral symmetry (LatSym), antero-posterior symmetry (A-PSym), and Fourier descriptors with amplitude from 0 to 2. Testicular temperature rise swayed the concentration, motility, and vigour adversely. Chromatin structure becomes aberrant when affected by testicular heat stress. And spermatozoon head tends to lessen.

The thymus is a lymphoid organ that starts its development at latter times of embrionary life and graows after birth until the puberty, when it begins to atrophy. It has the function to keep the animals immunoligal ability . The javaporco it s the result of the cross between a boar (Sus scroaf) and a domestic pig, which generates a fertile animal with 2n=37 chromosomes. The descriptive anatomy literature about the arterial patterns of javaporco is scarce. This way, new and wider studies are necessary. Thirty javaporco fetuses were used in the research (males and females), which were gotten in farms at Uberaba-MG countryside. The aim of this work was to study the arteries that are responsible for the upper vascularization of the thymus. A solution of Artecol 50% was injected in the fetuses , and they were fixed in a formol 10% solution, during 72 hours. The arteries emmited to the upper portion of the thymus were dissected and it was verified in both lobes , branches of subclavia, common carotid, cranial thyroid, caudal thyroid, cranial laryngeal, caudal laryngeal, superficial cervical, intern thoracic of the respective lobe. The left lobe was presented braquiocefalic trunk.

The aim of this study was to verify the handling of 160 cows in a slaughterhouse of Triangulo Mineiro MG. The handling was related to the parameters of animal welfare and its effects on the stunning, bleeding and pH 24 hours. It was observed the conduct of animals in the slaughterhouse, since the corrals until stunning boxing, stunning of cattle and, on the bleed rail, the efficiency of stunning and the mensuration of pH of the carcasses 24 hours after slaughter. Slips reached 25, 0% and falls reached 5, 0%. The vocalizations presented 25, 0%. The use of electric prod represented a serious problem in the handling of cattle, with values of 100, 0%. About the parameter with a stunning shot, the data alternated from 32 to 36 animals (80, 0% to 90, 0%), except for one lot, which did not show effectiveness of stunning, because they all received more than one shot, emphasizing a defect in the equipment. Stunned cattle alternated from 32 to 40 animals (77, 5% to 100, 0%). About the criteria to determine the stunning, the reflection of posture correction was the most observed signal. There was no variation (P>0, 05) among the animals in the study to the interval of stunning and bleeding. The time of bleeding alternated (P<0, 05), but in the minimum time recommended, except a lot that had less time. pH means 24 hours in three lots did not alternate (P<0,05), however the values were intermediate, a lot had average values above 6,0. The failures in the handling of animals by the employees, the lack of equipment maintenance and poor supervisions let problems in the animal welfare and changes in the meat.

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Aiming to improve the efficiency in obtaining viable embryos in in vitro fertilization procedures, sperm selection and concentration methods are used. However little is known about the action of these methods on the chromatin condensation and sperm head morphometry. Likewise the effect of sperm in vitro capacitation on these characteristics is controversial. This study evaluated the effect of sperm selection by Percoll gradient, "swim-up procedure and sperm capacitation in vitro by heparin on chromatin condensation and sperm head morphometry of cattle. Eighteen semen samples were subjected to both methods of selection and subsequent capacitation tests. Smears were made at every stage and stained by the metachromasia method induced by toluidine blue (AT). The scanned images were processed in software developed in an SCILAB environment. It was observed that after selection by gradient of Percoll and "swim up" the sperm tend to have looser and more heterogeneous chromatin. The "swim up" method selected heads more symmetrical, smoller and with less size variation when compared to the same semen sample prior to selection. After heparin-induced capacitation the spermatozoa presented looser crhomatin and slight change of the head.

Vascularization, the biometry and the number of thymic lobes were researched in 30 samples of domestic fowl (Gallus galllus). It makes a donation after natural death, from farms in the municipalities of Santa Vitória and Ituiutaba / MG. Were prepared by injection technique of arterial vessels with aqueous solution of latex to 50%, colored, and subsequent fixation in 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde. After dissection, were observed cervical thymic lobes, in both sides, willing dorsolateral to the vasculo-nervous beam. It s irrigation was performed by common artery branches of the vagus nerve left and right, ascending cervical cutaneous right and left, right and left cranial thyroid, ascending esophageal right and left, right and left vertebral, left ascending vertebral, right and left common carotid and cutaneous branches right and left. The co-lateral from these arteries varied from 16 to 30 for both antimeres. In the right side, issued from 6 to 18 branches and in opposite side, 5 to 15 branches. The number of thymic lobes ranged from 9 to 15, distributed as follows: the right side had 5 to 8 lobes, whereas the left had 4 to 7. There was diversification of the entry points of the branches in the thymic parenchyma, from the cranial extremity, middle third and caudal extremity.

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CHAPTER II: The development of the skeleton can be better understood through new discoveries, using as reference tissue that is in a dynamic process of formation and resorption. This study used a young adult male specimen of C. latirostris, 1.50m in length, belonging to the collection of the Wild Animal Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia, fixed in 10% formol. The specimen s skin, viscera and pectoral girdle, stylopodium and zeugopodium bone muscles were removed, and the bones were identified, recorded in photographs taken with a digital camera, and described. The findings demonstrate that the characteristics of the skeletal anatomy of the pectoral girdle, stylopodium and zeugopodium of C. latirostris resemble those of its ancestors and extend to the other crocodilians, since they exhibit inter- and intraspecific behavioral similarities. CHAPTER III: The parameters of muscle origin and insertion points in the pectoral girdle, estilopodium and zeugopodium of Caiman latirostris were identified using a basic anatomical, kinesiological and biomechanical approach. This identification was made using a young adult male specimen of C. latirostris, 1.50 m in length, belonging to the collection of the Wild Animal Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia. The specimen was dissected and the muscles of the pectoral girdle, stylopodium and zeugopodium were separated individually and identified. This required the removal of the limbs to facilitate the observation of the origins and insertion points of the muscles. In this study, whose nature was observational, isometric postures intercalated with rotary movements were found, as well as a large cross-sectional area in most of the extensor and stabilizer muscles, giving them greater strength and denoting functional and organizational inferences. Muscle activity and structural shapes may serve as indicators for basic anatomical, kinesiological and biomechanical analyses, underpinned by well known concepts widely accepted by the scientific community, as indicated in the references of this research. Based on the findings, which were duly documented, it was possible to recognize and predefine the behavior of the species under investigation, correlating the duration, direction and dimension of the levels of activity. It is believed that muscle activity is associated with the species needs and phylogeny.

Thirty six female mice had been used to study the repairing of cutaneous wounds which was treated with seven minute electric stimulation of 2mA a day, by using the transcutaneuos kinesis stimulator. They had been distributed in three groups of equal number, being subdivided in sub-groups which have been named: controlled (I) and treatment (II). The animals had been submitted to the circular removal of skin of 10,0mm in the dorsal region of the thorax and the wounds had been evaluated in 7th, 14th and 21th days of postoperative (PO). The reduction area of the wounds of the treated sub-group significantly did not surpass the area related to wounds of the controlled subgroup. In the wounds of the controlled group, it was observed innumerable sanguineous vases, intense hemorrhages, intense presence of fibroblasts, moderate of plasmocytes and polymorfonuclears. In the ones of the treated animals dermal and the epidermis met thin with bigger amount of polymorfonuclears. The administration of 2mA, during seven minutes, in cutaneous wound of mice induces the formation of a dermal and thin epidermis. The final aspect of the scar of the wounds of the treated and controlled animals was distinctly similar.

Mestre em Ciências da Veterinárias

The goal of this job was to evaluate the effect of the infusion of Artemisia annua L. plant in culture of Ehrlichia canis in DH82 cells, analyzing the ultra-structural alterations of this treatment against the canonical treatment with Doxycycline, seeking an efficient alternative for animals that cannot be treated with tetracycline and its products, furthermore to present more affordable to the animal owners. In this experiment it was utilized cultures of DH82 cells infected with Ehrlichia canis, evaluated two and twenty four hours after addition of analyzed substance, distributed as follows: Control group, Doxycycline group and Artemisia annua L. group. After treatments the cell cultures were removed from the bottles by means of "trypsinization" and the pellets produced by the centrifugation process, prepared to ultrastructural evaluation by transmission electron microscopy. The evaluation of the material shows that the Artemisia annua L. has anti-ehrlichiose activity; however, the Doxycycline has shown more efficiency than that one, while both drugs showed to be slightly toxic for DH82 cells.

We studied the arteries leading to the thyroid glands, addressing their number, origin and organization in 30 ostriches (Struthio camelus) with up to 30 days of age in both sexes. The birds were injected with Neoprene latex 450 colored and fixed in aqueous 10% formaldehyde. The thyroid glands were presented as an organ pair, pale reddish brown, oval-shaped ends, some being elongated in the craniocaudal direction and flattened dorsoventrally. Located on the edge of the cranial cavity celomatic, manteined syntopy with the vagus nerve, jugular vein and common carotid artery. The thyroid glands were collateral arteries: common carotid, ascending esophageal, tracheal ascending, subclavian, and common esophageal tracheal vagus nerve. The number of vessels ranged from one to five, and were called thyroid, cranial artery, middle cranial, middle, middle caudal and caudal at both antimeres. The vessels were present in the side right in 28 (93,3%) cases as cranial thyroid, nine (30%) as middle cranial, 12 (40%) as middle, nine (30%) as middle caudal and 28 (93,3%) as caudal. And on the left side in 27 (90%) cases as cranial thyroid, six as middle cranial, 12 (40%) as middle, six (20%) as middle caudal and 27 (90%) as caudal. The thyroid artery was observed in two (6,6%) cases in side right and three (10%) on the left side.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the macroscopy, the morphology of healing process and to quantify collagen fibers in the site of the cicatricial repair of the tendon of the lateral womb of the gastrocnemius muscle in rabbits, after tenotomy and tenorrhaphy, submitted to transcutaneous electrical stimulation with alternating current. Twenty-four male rabbits, of the New Zealand race, were used and divided into four groups of the same number, in order to evaluate the cicatricial repair of the tendon at 7, 15, 21 and 30 days post-surgery. In each animal a longitudinal incision of 3 centimeters of skin and subcutaneous was accomplished in the lateral face of the tibia nearly the calcaneos bone, the tendon of the lateral gastrocnemios muscle was separated, sectioned and submitted to a synthesis with Kessler modified suture. Soon afterwards the adjacent tissues were approximated and the skin sutured in the separated simple standard. After 24 hours, daily at the same schedule, were done near the cutaneous wound of the right pelvic member, applications of 2 mA of alternative current, during six minutes, at a frequency of 100 Hz. The material collected was examined by macroscopy and light microscopy. Significant difference wasn´t found between the treaty tendon and the control. The Kinesis electrical stimulator, utilized in the transcutaneous electrical stimulation with 2 mA of alternative current, for six minutes daily, is unable to promote better healing, neither increase in the percentage of the collagen fibers in the site of the cicatricial repair of the tendon of the lateral womb of the gastrocnemius muscle in rabbits of the New Zealand race.

This work investigate the disposal of openings ureters, urethra, oviducts of the female, and of the deferens ducts in the males, and the arrangement of the cloaca compartment in some species of the Podocnemididae and Chelidae family. The anatomic cloaca s study has three compartments: copordeum, urodeum and proctodeum. The cloaca has one urinary bladder and two cloacal bladders. In the studies species of genus Podocnemis and Geochelone genus there is a fold that separates coprodeum from urodeum. This fold isn t exists in the Chelidae family, used in this work. In P. expansa, P. unifilis and Chelus fimbriatus, urethra inserts cranioventrally in urodeum, but in Phynops geoffroanus, urethra is connecting with urodeum in vertical and ventral position. In the males of Podocnemis, the deferens ducts arrive caudally by a wall papilla and to the ureters openings. In the males of P. geoffroanus and C. fimbriatus and Podochemis female the oviducts and ureters confide in one urogenital sinus. In the females of P. geoffroanus and of C. fimbriatus, during the period of rounted-contourns reproductions training, the oviducts are projected to the urodeum and form a pair of papilla; each papilla possess a ventral opening. The proctodeum have a ventral fissure to communicate itself with urodeu. The opening of the coprodeu in the proctodeu, except in Chelidae, is an ofirice in fold s ventral parts that separate the two compartments.

Studied, the origin and distribution of the sciatic nerve in 31 pig fetuses line Pen Ar Lan, 22 males and nine females, after being fixed in aqueous 10% formaldehyde. In these animals the lumbar vertebrae ranged from five to seven with a predominance of six, which have contributed to variations in the origin of that nerve. The sciatic nerve originated in antimeres 80.64% of the ventral branch of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve (L5) at 96.77 % of (L6),at 6.45% of (L7) in 100% of (S1) and 64.51% of (S2), The composition of the related nerve occurred in 45,16% of the animals for the union of L5, L6, S1 and S2, in 32.25% of L6, L5 and S1, in 12 90% of L6, S1 and S2, in 6.45% of L6, L7 and S1 and 3.22% L5, S1 and S2. There was symmetrical at the root in all specimens. This nerve gave branches to the glúteal muscles superficial, semitendinosus , semimembranosus and biceps femoris in all specimens, lesser frequency, to the twins muscles, quadratus femoris, adductors, gluteal medium, attachment, and deep. In 74.19% of the sample, there was a communicating branch with the pudendal nerve. No significant differences were found between the frequency of branches emitted to the muscles of both male and female antimeres.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais