Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This dissertation has the objective to analyze knowledge and pedagogic-musical practices of teachers in the daily life of Children s Education classrooms. The research was accomplished with the help of three teachers working in the second stage of Children s Education age group from 5-6 years old in a city school of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. The school is located in the rural area, and has students coming from the settlements of the agrarian reform. Their parents are either small rural areas' owners or field work employees. The specific objectives of the research are: 1) to understand the public policies for Children s Education in the period post-LDB of 1996; 2) to build and present the methodology developed in the investigation; 3) to analyze knowledge and musical roles of Children s Education teachers. The research was based on a qualitative ethnographical approach. Data were collected from interviews, observations and documental analysis. The interviews and observations allowed us to understand the teachers knowledge and pedagogic-musical practices in the classrooms. The official and school documents were also analyzed, which aided in the analysis and interpretation of data. Working with the teachers and their students allowed us to get to know about their Education, musical experiences, tastes, preferences and repertoires used in the classroom; it also allowed us to understand thoughts related to their practices as well as their needs for accomplishment of pedagogic-musical practices. The study revealed that the teachers, even with little or no musical experience, develop works with music in the daily life of their classrooms as they consider music to be important in the context of their pedagogic practices. The teachers use music mainly in the development of affective relationships, in the socialization process, as a didactic resource for the teaching of contents of other knowledge areas, as relaxation and leisure, in the literacy process, in moments of recreation, in festivities of the school calendar and in commemorative dates. We conclude that there are still few moments when music is used in the school and musical activities are mainly song activities. Thus, there is the necessity of musical continuing studies for the Children s Education teachers as well as the need of subjects in the majoring courses of Pedagogy which present music in their contents. Besides the musical continuing studies of teachers, the presence of a music specialist teacher is necessary in the school, as well as material resources and a proper physical structure for the activities with music so that musical education is consolidated in the schools of the elementary school, specifically on what regards Children s Education.

Tratase de pesquisa sur la educación para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía en el encino fundamental y medio brasileño en la según mitad del siglo XX. El corte histórico comprende las décadas de 1960 a la de 2000. Procura comprender el camino del contenido disciplinar con la finalidad de formar el ciudadano durante e después de los gobiernos militares. La constituciones, la legislación educacional federal y los manuales didácticos de las disciplinas destinadas a la construcción, asimilación y transmisión de los valores en la instrucción formal sones les documentos en que se bajea este estudio. Utiliza el método dialéctico como herramienta de la investigación y de la construcción teórica del tema. Además de la introducción, paja tres momentos: en el primero analiza el concepto de los directos de la ciudadanía en el ámbito de la modernidad; en el según, aborda la conjuntara histórica, económica, social, política y educacional en que se encuentra el espacio de la escuela brasileña en este periodo de la historia nacional. En tercero, reflecte la consolidación y la diseminación del contenido disciplinar específico del saber escolar de formación para la ciudadanía durante el regirme militar y después de la superación de este. Hace consideraciones en el sentido de abrir el debate para la posibilidad de la inclusión del encino de los directos y deberes como disciplina curricular como saber necesario a la formación para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía partir del espacio escolar.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Liver cancer is highly complex to be diagnosed and treated, but is not the most frequent in Brazil, and the detection is the best way to reduce cancer mortality. And the computed tomography of the abdomen is often used in the analysis and diagnosis of hepatic lesion. The computer aided diagnosis can be used as a tool for the radiologists in the detection of liver cancer. One of the first steps of building a computer aided diagnosis for liver is the segmentation of the organ. The radiological liver contrast to the other organs in the abdominal region is low, and generally being a problem, depending on which slice is observed, to be overcome in the segmentation. The main objective of this work is to perform the automatic segmentation of the liver and calculate its volume, using the region growing algorithm segmentation. Before being performed the liver segmentation, the computed tomography slices of the abdomen are pre-processed for noise reduction and contrast enhancement. The segmentation was then performed beginning from the pre-processed slices using region growing algorithm and automatic seed launch. The seed launch area was also automated in different formats, rectangular, elliptical and circular, that influenced the performance of the segmentation technique and consequently the success rate of the hepatic volume calculation with average hit rate of 66.008% for segmentation with seed launch on rectangular area, 75.56% for the elliptical area and 94.14% for the circular area. Therefore the automatic selection of seed launching area in circular format proved to be a robust technique and with a good result in liver segmentation, and so can be considered a contribution to region growing algorithm used in this project.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Breast cancer is a global problem, being the most frequent kind of cancer among Brazilian women. The most common tissue on the breast, that is, the breast density, is strongly associated with the risk of developing breast cancer, once dense breasts may hinder the visualization of some tumors. The best way to prevent such illness is through the mammography exam, which has a certain degree of subjectivity and depends mainly on the professional experience of the one who analyses the images. Computer-aided systems have frequently been used by radiology doctors as a tool to detect breast cancer at an early stage. The approach of this paper is that different mammography exams that show different breast density are represented by different tissues and, thus, are of different characteristics, which can be differed by their features. This way, the aim of this paper is to propose a method of classification of mammography images in density patterns from the extraction of features from the histogram and texture. The first tests were done in screen-film mammography images, and later, a digital database was used in order to verify the influence of features in different images. On the first test, with 75 screen-film mammography images, the k-means clustering technique was used and the classification was 96% accurate. When the 307 images were tested, the use of artificial neural networks was proposed and the classification of 99,26% mammography images was accurate in four classes of the pattern of breast density.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The use of slabs formed by prefabricated elements in structures of pavements becomes more and more spread in the Brazilian market, mainly lattice reinforced joists. This work purposes to analyze the costs involved in the production process of lattice reinforced joists, during transport, assembly and slab casting. The cost _expression obtained was analyzed in some numerical examples of concrete slabs (one and two-way) with several dimensions. The cost was also evaluated by the method of optimization of generic gradient (GRG) for ceramic and EPS infill blocks. The design variables considered for cost minimization were the height and the resistance of the concrete layer. For slabs with EPS the distance between lattice reinforcement joists was also considered. The final cost of slabs with ceramic blocks had an economy around 4%, which was close to 8% for slabs formed with EPS. In these slabs (EPS), larger values for the distance between lattices reinforcement joists were obtained, which resulted in smaller concrete volume and smaller number of lattice joists. The variation of more or less 40% was considered in the cost of the concrete and the reinforcement in order to evaluate their effect in the final cost. In slabs with ceramic blocks, around 12% of increase and decrease in the final cost was observed. The final cost of slabs with EPS (which distance between lattices reinforcement joists was optimized) was close to 8% for variations in the price of the concrete and from 6 to 11% for variations in the price of the reinforcement.

The object of study in this research is the Vieira river flowing through Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Montes Claros, a city of about 348.996 inhabitants (according to IBGE data from july/2006), occupies a reasonable portion of the river basin and, therefore, has great influence on the water quality. This master's degree thesis tried to understand the cause-effect relationship of urbanization on the quality of the surface water resource. The guiding parameter of water quality defined by the CONAMA 357 Resolution, of 03/17/2005, were adopted. Precepts of the integrated approach of ecosystem and hydrographic basins of Law 9433, January 8th, 1997 were also adopted. These precepts establish the national policy of hydric resources, known as Hydric Resources Management National System. Physicalchemical, bacteriological, and metal analysis of water samples collected at several points along the Vieira river, during both dry and wet seasons, were performed aiming the accomplishment of the research. The definition of the sampling points took into account the characteristic of the urban occupation as well as the place and basin biophysical characteristics. The results show an evaluation of the influence of urbanization on the Vieira river water quality. The metal, physical-chemical and microbiological parameters evidenced a low water quality caused by the disposal of domestic and industrial waste on the stream without a previous treatment, by the irregular disposal of a variety of urban solid residues, by the landfill dump of Montes Claros, previously an open landfill and by the use and occupation of the soil in the basin area.

The objective of this study is to present information on the optimization of plane truss wooden structure using the method of genetic algorithms. All assessments are made by the computer program called Optimization Structures Plane (OTP). It was also used the computer program GESTRUT for determining forces and displacement. It was evaluated pitched trusses, with the goal of finding the best geometrical configuration in terms of the distribution of members and inclination between chords. It was evaluated three study cases of trusses with different configurations in relation to the length/width of the area covered.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The residue from civil construction that in the recent past was seen as garbage and is still treated as such, even though it is under regulation, can be considered quality "raw material" for certain construction services. In the case of low-income housing, for which there is great demand and relatively few resources, knowledge of the generation of Residues of Construction and Demolition (RCD) at the construction site will encourage the improvement and rational use in projects, with consequent reduction in costs. The present case study regarding residues generated in popular housing projects deals with determining the quantity and the characteristics of residues, identifying the principal causes of its generation and, in this way, evaluate means for its reduction and for its utilization at the construction site itself. In addition, the impact of the current state of affairs on the cost of public administration and on the environment is projected. In this evaluation, project analyses, specifications of materials and services, projected quantities, instructions given to laborers, functioning of the construction site and other aspects were considered. After this, real data was gathered regarding the quality of the services undertaken, materials and labor, functioning of the construction site, etc. With a comparison of the results and analysis of economic impact, both social and environmental, we conclude that the utilization of RCD is necessary and that relatively simple interventions can be efficient and effective. As such, it will be possible to increase the offer of housing units of this nature, contribute to the preservation of the environment, reduce costs in removing material from the construction site and allow the development of new techniques and materials.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais