Repositório RCAAP

The residue from civil construction that in the recent past was seen as garbage and is still treated as such, even though it is under regulation, can be considered quality "raw material" for certain construction services. In the case of low-income housing, for which there is great demand and relatively few resources, knowledge of the generation of Residues of Construction and Demolition (RCD) at the construction site will encourage the improvement and rational use in projects, with consequent reduction in costs. The present case study regarding residues generated in popular housing projects deals with determining the quantity and the characteristics of residues, identifying the principal causes of its generation and, in this way, evaluate means for its reduction and for its utilization at the construction site itself. In addition, the impact of the current state of affairs on the cost of public administration and on the environment is projected. In this evaluation, project analyses, specifications of materials and services, projected quantities, instructions given to laborers, functioning of the construction site and other aspects were considered. After this, real data was gathered regarding the quality of the services undertaken, materials and labor, functioning of the construction site, etc. With a comparison of the results and analysis of economic impact, both social and environmental, we conclude that the utilization of RCD is necessary and that relatively simple interventions can be efficient and effective. As such, it will be possible to increase the offer of housing units of this nature, contribute to the preservation of the environment, reduce costs in removing material from the construction site and allow the development of new techniques and materials.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This research deals with the urban public transportation by bus based on quality indicators of the service offered by the operating companies. In the city of Uberlândia, MG the system of public transportation is operated by buses in a system integrated in terminals, which is named Transportation Integrated System SIT. This research will analyze, in a technical way, this transportation based on a survey with some users and in parameters of quality of the service by using qualitative and quantitative indicators from the existing literature. Based on the opinion of the users it will be determined the level of the service offered by the operating companies in the city and it will be proposed measures to improve this level of service. It is expected that the results of the research provide a diagnosis of the quality of the transportation service that is offered in the city and can be used as subsidy in the formularization of proposals that aim to improve the service to customers and can be used by the policy makers who grant the service.

This dissertation presents a study of the generation and transport of the USR - Urban Solid Residuals (Solid Wastes) in the municipal district of Rio Quente GO, as well a geotechnical suitability evaluation of the disposition area, with the aim to guide Public Government in solid waste management by means of an efficient project to dispose it and to reduce environmental impacts. The searched area is placed in the municipal district of Rio Quente, Estado de Goiás, in the Center-West Region of Brazil, with 4,84 hectare surface, where is inserted nowadays a landfill. During six month, it was investigated how many daily journeys were done, with seven weighing, by separating moist and dry solid waste driven to the landfill. It was done also a survey of solid waste previously selected by the enterprise Companhia Thermas do Rio Quente (CTRQ). The generated volume is about 5,632 ton/day, with a middle loose density of 112.52 kg/m3. From this amount, RQR selects 37% of the total mass. So, 63% of it is disposed in the current landfill area. The municipal district solid waste has from 67% to 75% of moist material in its composition. An average of 4.06 daily journeys are done, covering an average of 26.39 km/trip. The evaluation of the suitability of the solid waste deposition area took as a starting point the IBAM methodology (2001), concerning to selection of displacement solid waste areas. A number of 35 physical environment attributes were considered, related to relief, geology, climate, hydrology, underground water, main direction of the winds and others that were obtained by means of geotechnical search as well by field and laboratorial tests. Environmental restrictive applied criteria involve all of those specified by Agência Goiâna do Meio Ambiente (2007), as well five others suggested by IPT (1995, 2000) and fifteen proposed by Zuquette and Gandolfi (2004). Place suitability reached a level of 79 % of the ideal one. A sketch of a project to a sanitary landfill was proposed and it was calculated the useful life of the current landfill for five sceneries, by varying fix and variable population as well selectivity conditions. This useful life may range from six years and eleven months to sixteen years and seven months. Based on the results of this search, guidelines to solid waste management in the municipal district were developed, in order to minimize environmental impacts.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The objective of this work focused on the construction of a decentralized model of solid waste management in Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Uberlândia (EAF-Udi) in order to contribute to the fulfilment of the seventh Millennium Development Goal - Ensure Environmental Sustainability - translated it into local actions. Reports specifically to one of the indicators of this goal, the tenth one, which is to reduce by half until 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to drinking water and sanitation, through the adoption of policies and environmental programs. The specific issue to be addressed is contained in part of sanitation concerns and decentralized management of solid waste from School Agrotécnica Federal de Uberlândia, involving the entire school community through environmental health education projects with actions to reduce of waste and to change the destination of it, improving quality of life of every body involved. For the construction of an effective managerial model began with the Differentiated Collection of solid waste generated in the institution, separating them into dry and wet. Later it was made the recovery of dry and wet, giving them the correct destination. The dried were separated by categories (cardboard, PET bootle, cans and plastics) and were sent to reverse logistics. The wet ones, which consisted of organic stuff were reused to their composting in a place of the school. With the effective participation of the community, it was possible to get a significant reduction in the amount of waste brought to the landfill site, guaranteeing a sustainable management. This work contributes for the improvement of life of people. It could be imitated by education institutions similar to the search imitated by other municipalities.

This work is aimed at finding a model that allows to forecast rates of air pollution in cities to small because the flow of vehicles based on the generation of scenarios and in comparison with the current situation. Initially, it was diagnosing the current situation of the study area (year 2007), based on a count of vehicles classified volume, operating conditions and traffic information in the public transport system in the area under study. The data collected were released in the Traffic Simulation Software Integrated System (TSIS), the animation and dynamic set, therefore, the current scenario in the study area. Then, three other scenarios were generated containing proposals with changes in search of better operating performance and emission levels of air pollutants minimized. The program TSIS shown to be of great value in the composition of the scenarios in this work to enable the simulation and analysis of likely future scenarios. The results showed that more possible reduction of around 6.7% on fuel consumption and expected 6.5% in average. In addition, the reorganization implemented in public transport moving part of the bus lines to another avenue with good characteristics of operation, we obtained a reduction of 5.3% in vehicles moving in the area. Thus, to allow the simulation of likely future scenarios, resulting from implementation of such solutions, or that traffic and its control, the TSIS provide subsidies for planning the movement of the vehicle fleet in small-sized cities, where the impossibility of allocating more substantial investment by governmental agencies would be offset by a rational use of the instrumentality of the program.

The present study evaluated effects of the urbanization of a micro-basin and examined the quality of runoff water flowing into the Mogi stream in Uberlândia, MG. Samples of water were drawn during rainfall as well as the dry season. These samples were collected in the streams of water leading to the stream in areas of the land reserve as well as at various locations along the Mogi and Lagoinha stream. The data collected included: pH, temperature, bio-chemical oxygen demands (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, copper, iron and zinc. The runoff of the occupied area, when compared with the drainage of the area in process of occupation demonstrated the negative effects of urban occupancy. Samples collected from the Mogi and Lagoinha stream show reduced levels of residues during the analyzed rains and it is in conformity as the patterns of qualities specified in the class 3 of the Resolution 357/05 of the CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente) index. The samples could not be considered to be of class 2 due to the results only slightly superior in terms of BOD, copper and iron, than found in the soils of the micro-basin. The passage of runoff water through the local vegetation of the ciliary s forest improved the quality of the water sensibly.

The industrialized solar hot water systems are produced with high cost materials for the acquisition of low income population, because of that, many alternative systems, that aims a reduction of cost of the product for the user, have been proposed. The present work compares the environmental impacts caused by industrialized and alternative solar hot water systems, used in social interest habitations, by means of life cycle assessment evaluated according to Eco-indicator 99 methodology. The low cost solar heater (ASBC) developed by Sociedade do Sol, the solar heater composed of dismissible packings developed by José Alcino Alano and his family and the compact solar heater produced by Soletrol company, have been studied. For the study, three hypotheses have been taken into account, varying the ways of disposition of the materials that compose the systems at the end of their useful lives. For the three systems, the Eco-indicators have been determinated for the three hypotheses, possibiliting the knowledge and comparison of the environmental impacts of the three systems on each hypothesis. Two considerations have been made for the solar heater composed of dismissible packings. One of them hasn t taken into account, in the calculation of the Eco-indicators values, the materials that are being reused. The results have revealed that when the dismissible packings are taken into account, this system contributes much more to the environment degradation due to the impact caused by PET packings. Furthermore, the study has shown that alternative systems reach Eco-indicators values approximate and even lower than those of the industrialized system, when the final disposal varies. However, amongst the considered hypotheses the one that supposes the recycling of only the materials of the industrialized systems (most likely to occur) revealed this system as the one with the least environmental impact.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This work presents the case study of the domestic waste collection from Monday to Saturday done by City Hall in downtown of Ituiutaba City (MG) which has almost 90.000 inhabitants. To characterize this problem, mapping of the sectors and routes were done in this area with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and the software GPS TrackMaker was used for data support to calculate distances, times and speeds. Afterwards, the Geographical Information System (GIS) was used as tool for vehicle routing in waste collection service. The TransCAD release 4.5 which is a transportation GIS, known GIS-T, was running for arc routing procedures. The use of GPS receivers showed itself as an important and efficay tool for data collection and mapping the routes travelled by the vehicles. The results of TransCAD running showed 44 % reduction in link overpass, 71 %reduction in labor and 68 % reduction in distances travelled comparing the current situation.

In this work was carried out a qualitative-quantitative research which is characterized as a case study, it was done at an institution of Basic Education, the State School Professor José Ignácio de Sousa (EEPJIS), located in Uberlândia MG. As it is an area of social relations, cultural, personal and environmental, the school is the place to obtain, through examples, changes in behavior so desired by our society. We wish to establish a precedent from this work proposal, carrying out the diagnosis of school environmental and their preparation to obtain the ISO 14001 certification, since there is not any accreditation by this standard in schools of Basic Education. Another intention of this research is the implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS) for an environmental policy and the establishment of objectives and goals for future improvement, thereby improving the overall environmental performance. The diagnoses made in EEPJIS weight up the water consumption, energy consumption, food consumed, the solid waste produced and the quantity of this, the final destination of this waste, or the wooded or not areas and the impervious and permeability areas. Several programs were presented which will optimize the use of the natural resources of school as the programs are introduced. As the EMS was proposed, the Environmental Policy with physical and temporal targets will show actions and inspections to be taken by the own members of the community.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais