Repositório RCAAP

In the present study, five analogue herbicides, namely Imazapyr (IMZR), Imazapic (IMZC), Imazethapyr (IMZT), Imazamox (IMZX) and Imazaquin (IMZQ), were evaluated for genotoxicity (mutagenic and recombinagenic activity) in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. They are classified as imidazolinone (IMI) pesticides and their mode of action is to inhibit acetohydroxyacid synthesis (AHAS) an enzyme involved with the biosynthesis of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. For this purpose, two crosses were used: the standard (ST) cross and the high-bioactivation (HB) cross. The latter is characterized by high CYP450-dependent activation capacity awarding increased sensitivity to promutagens and procarcinogens. Three-day-old larvae were exposed to chronic feeding (48 h) to four different concentrations of these herbicides (2.5; 5.0; 10.0 and 20.0 mM). For the evaluation of genotoxic effects, the frequencies of spots per individual in the treated series were compared to the concurrent negative control series (ultra pure water). In the ST-cross, imazamox showed positive result only for large single spots (20.0 mM IMZX) and weak positive results for total spots (10.0 and 20.0 mM IMZX), while Imazaquin showed positive results only for large single spots (5.0 and 20.0 mM IMZQ) and a weak positive result for total spots (20.0 mM IMZQ). In the HB-cross, only Imazamox (5.0 mM IMZX) showed a weak positive result for small single spots, what suggest the involvement of CH2OCH3 radical and quinolinic ring in the genotoxicity, respectively, of Imazamox and Imazaquin herbicides. Imazapyr, Imazapic and Imazethapyr gave negative results with both crosses of the wing spot test. The positive control urethane caused an increase in the number of all types of spots in both ST- and HB- crosses. In conclusion, the results of chronic treatments performed at high doses (toxicity was observed at higher doses) indicate that, under these experimental conditions, the few positive results observed suggest the involvement of CH2OCH3 radical and quinolinic ring in the genotoxicity, respectively, of Imazamox and Imazaquin herbicides and the involvement of CYP450 enzymes in IMI herbicide detoxification. Nevertheless, further research is needed to discern the genotoxic potential of IMI herbicides active ingredients and their formulations and the involvement of CH2OCH3 radical and quinolinic ring in the genotoxicity of Imazamox and Imazaquin herbicides.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This work evaluated the reaction of 140 corn hybrids from double-haploid inbred derived from a crossing of a resistant inbred line with and susceptible inbred line. Being that, crossed with a conventional susceptible line which were inoculated with Stenocarpella maydis and Stenocarpella macrospora .The hybrids were assessed in three locations in the Miner Triangle and three locations in Southern Brazil to evaluate the difference of hybrids reaction to S. macrospora and S. maydis. Two analysis were performed, one of the three locations in the Miner Triangle and one of the three locations in the South for the separation of five resistant hybrids, five average resistance and five susceptible to rot grain for the two locations. About the incidence of rot grain obtained from the hybrids, the quantification of S. macrospora, S.maydis and other fungi were done in the laboratory for the Miner Triangle and South of Brazil. In a joint analysis in the Miner Triangle it was found a frequency of 60% S. macrospora, 10% S.maydis and 30% other fungi. And in a joint analysis of South Brazil found 20% S. macrospora, 11% S.maydis and 69% of other fungi. The pathogen hybrid interaction showed the prevalence of S. macrospora in incidence of infected grains, with 60% in the Miner Triangle and 20% in the South, against S. maydis with 10% in the Miner Triangle and 11% in south of Brazil. These results showed that there were differences between the two places regarding the rotten grain caused by S. macrospora and S. maydis. Thus, positioning breeding programs in the pathosystem Stenocarpella-corn.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is studied in this project to establish a latency compared with the infected organism and to a number of pathophysiologies. Its oncogenic potential associated with serological evidence of the presence of the viral agent for cancer and also for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. Detection processes are necessary and have attracted scientific interest in recent decades, and they are important analytical tools used for clinical diagnosis, disease control, physiological changes, among others. Through the above two genosensors were developed to the specific recognition of EBV by electrochemistry. The peak oxidation of ethidium bromide (EB) in graphite electrodes modified with poly (4-ATP) and the peak tetramethylbenzindine (TMB) reduction, as a new indicator of hybridization oligonucleides, in graphite electrodes modified with poly (AP-4) were designed and evaluated these platforms. Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to complement the study to theoretical and practical application. The prospect of this project is the application in the diagnosis of infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (in serum samples, saliva and urine) non-invasively in rapid tests evaluating their sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, speed and low cost.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The population with obesity has grown in Brazil in the last few decades, including adolescents. Among the most successful strategies for its treatment is multidisciplinary intervention. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to try and understand the effects of multidisciplinary treatment on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in obese adolescents. Were selected obese adolescents to participate in a multidisciplinary treatment which was attended by doctors, nutritionists, physiotherapists, psychologists and physical educators. The program has a duration of 10 months and were evaluated, in addition to anthropometric parameters and physical performance, the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Were produced, with the data collection, two studies. The first a longitudinal study, where were observed improvements in inflammatory parameters and reduction of oxidative stress with the multidisciplinary treatment, in addition to a reduction in the anthropometric parameters related to obesity. The second, a cross-sectional study has identified the association between inflammatory state and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese adolescents, indicating that a good cardiorespiratory capacity reduces, regardless of the level of obesity, the consequences caused by chronic inflammation. These two studies can be read in detail in the chapters of this thesis. In general, we conclude that the multiprofessional treatment is able to promote positive changes in markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in obese adolescents.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Universidade de Franca

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes hyperglycemia due to deficiency in insulin production or ineffective use of the insulin that is produced. Phaseolamin is a glycoprotein extracted from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds accountable for inhibiting the activity of the enzyme alpha-amylase. Phaseolamin has been marketed and prescribed for reducing blood glucose and body weight in humans, although there are contradictions as to their effectiveness. On the other hand, Vochysia drums popularly known as \"sweet corner\" has been used in folk medicine to treat diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 in Uberlandia, Brazil. The mechanism of action and the phytochemical profile of the studied species is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential of V. rufa extract (V) and a sample of commercial phaseolamine (P) on the biochemical, antioxidants and histological parameters in non-diabetic rats (DN) and diabetic streptozotocin-induced (D) mice for 43 days. The primary drums V. phytochemical extract showed the presence of proteins and triterpenoids. The animals received water (ND control groups and D), V drums extract (500 mg / kg) (NDV and DV groups), phaseolamine (500 mg / kg) (NDP and PD group) and glyburide (6 mg / kg) (NDG and DG groups) and acarbose (25mg / kg) (NDA and DA groups) as a control drug, respectively, will gavage. DV groups, NDP, DV and DP showed no reduction in body weight compared to control groups (glibenclamide, water and acarbose). However, NDV, NDP, DV and DP, as well as NDG DG rats and reduced glucose levels compared before and after treatment. Group NDV increased urea levels (p <0.05) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P <0.001) compared to control. DV compared to group D decreased the levels of AST (P <0.05), ALT (P <0.05) and HDL-C (P <0.05) as compared to group D, DG increased acid levels uric (P <0.01), creatinine (P <0.05) and decreased alkaline phosphatase levels (ALP) (P <0.01). SD rats significantly increased uric acid levels (P <0.01), creatinine (P <0.05) and urea (P <0.01) compared with mice the levels of D. The level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P <0.05) decreased significantly in PD rats compared with rats D. NDP similar to the NDA increased levels of urea (P <0.01) and ALT (p <0.05). Therefore, the extracto of Vochysia was able to reduce blood glucose and alleviated the renal and hepatic effects observed in 5 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as the sample phaseolamine can cause damage to liver and kidney functions.