Repositório RCAAP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This dissertation starts with a brief report of the historical aspects of the creation of the Brazilian Law course, informing that throughout the years there has been only changes in the curricular matrices of the legal education that was not able to promote an alternative to the current teaching based on lectures. As an exit to this scenario, the study proposes to research the participatory methods idealized initially in the United States of America, that later, arrived in Latin America, and then, came to Brazil, based on an active student posture. Then by bibliographical review a direct observation is made of the functioning of the Legal Clinics in four different Law faculties in São Paulo capital, showing the importance of the clinical method in the current Brazilian Legal education, given that, it contributes to the development and improvement of the technical and scientific career of the student. The student works with real cases. It is an effective pedagogical tool, especially in the training of the law interpreters, it is an unparalleled experience of teaching and learning, with positive aspects for lectures, students and the society as a whole.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This study was qualitative in nature, presents research conducted in a constructive Supervisory Authority of Professional Practice, Regional Council of Engineering and Agronomy of the State of São Paulo - CREA - SP, with the goal of developing indicators for implementation of the Balanced Scorecard in the area surveillance CREA - SP so this may contribute to the enforcement activities of that agency. To achieve the general objective three specific objectives were established : 1 ) Identify the Strategic Map of CREA - SP , 2 ) Identify the BSC indicators for the area 's Supervisory CREA - SP, aiming to align the activities of the area to the strategic planning of the Council Guidance given : "Recovery Professional" and 3 ) internally validate these indicators . The study is situated within the institutional approach and involves two areas of knowledge: Organizational Strategy and Management Accounting. The implementation of the Balanced Scorecard is justified by the need to align the Strategic Planning CREA - SP with current legislation to introduce transparency in the management and monitoring aspects to society. The specific objectives were met and that the proposed validated indicators and their deployment is scheduled to start in 2014 , at which time it should complete the constructive research proposal.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

In the 1980s and 1990s, part of the architectural scene was labeled as “minimalist”. The term, taken from the 1960s art movement known as Minimalism or Minimal Art, denoted a tendency to formal reduction in buildings of the time. Comparisons were made between aspects of Minimalism and architectural works, suggesting that architects have made use of art strategies. This research has considered four aspects of the topic – elementary form, materiality, uniform repetition and emptiness – as a starting point for the study of eight buildings, searching for similarities and differences between art and architecture approaches that may validate or not their association. The repercussion of Mies van der Rohe’s work in the 1980s and 1990s has also been evaluated. The 1986 reconstruction of the German Pavilion for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition marks the return of the “less is more” dictum, which starts being considered once again by some of the architectural practices, after the postmodern critique of modernism in the previous two decades.

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

La enseñanza de literatura para los adolescentes se les presenta, sea por los libros didácticos o en clases, como una materia que explota mucho más los hechos históricos de una época que una disciplina que posibilita el estudio del arte como fuerza creativa de la imaginación y la intención estética del lenguaje escrito. En ese contexto de enseñanza, la literatura llega al alumno de una manera limitada, divulgando apenas los acontecimientos de un pasado lejano de los días actuales. Una vez que la literatura queda restricta al estudio de los hechos históricos, el lado lúdico, la explotación de la lengua en su sentido más connotativo, así como la utilización de los recursos lingüísticos y estilísticos, quedan relegados a un segundo plan. De esta manera alejamos del aprendiz el placer por la lectura de los clásicos y dejamos de presentarle las publicaciones contemporáneas y postmodernas, o sea, perdemos una vez más la oportunidad de motivar adecuadamente el alumno. Basado en la observación de esta realidad, este trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir las condiciones de esta disciplina en la enseñanza media, abarcando siempre un diálogo con los Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs). Este estudio se apoya en el análisis de algunos libros didácticos indicados por el Programa Nacional do Livro do Ensino Médio PNLEM/2005, enfocando, de manera especial, el concepto de literatura que cada uno presenta y como se hace concretamente esa enseñanza.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The object of this study is the law measure municipal provisional. The Federal Constitution of 1988, like the previous one, disposed, in a specific section, the formation’s process of the laws, including the normative species of the Brazilian Legal Order, without restricting the use of the provisional measure by the Federal Executive. Thus, the other entities of the Federation, in the use of their autonomy in the federative system and the symmetry derived from it, may, in the elaboration of their regional and local Statutes, choose which normative instruments should be included in their legislative processes. The primary normative activity of the Executive today is a requirement of the modern state, which often needs to act immediately in order to serve the public interest and cannot wait for the ordinary legislative process. The provisional measure is immediately submitted to the Parliament for consideration, for validation, through the process of conversion into law, giving the last word as representatives of popular sovereignty. This primary normative instrument, of exceptional use, with force of law, made available to the chief of the Executive, for use in cases of Brazilians cities, such as Natal, Rio Branco, Palmas and João Pessoa. The discipline of the provisional measure, in the local laws, complies with the limits of the regulation set forth in article 62 of the Constitution, and is intended, in most cases, for use in public calamity and public commotion for the opening of extraordinary credit, in accordance with article 167, § 3, of the Federal Constitution, situations that fulfill the assumptions of relevance and urgency.

The detection of objetcs in digital images is one of the most studied and developed subjects within the computer vision field. Unlike the problem of object identification, where the basic task is classify objects into predefined classes, object detection has the difficult task of searching the entire image and answering the following questions: how many objects are in the image and what is the location of these objects? When the object being searched is a pedestrian, it is characterized the problem of pedestrian detection. In this research project we evaluated the use of additional information in the scene, here called context information, aiding the task of pedestrians detection. The context information explored in this research were the presence of floor area and the relationship between the pedestrian height and the pedestrian vertical position within the image. The information of floor area presence is obtained by means of an artificial neural network that classifies a region in the image as belonging or not to a floor area. The neural network is applied in an area below the bounding box that delimits a pedestrian detection candidate. The relationship between the pedestrian height and the pedestrian vertical position is obtained by the bounding box at the output of the pedestrian detection algorithm. Based on a statistical model, this relationship represents additional information that may indicate that the pedestrian detected by the algorithm represents a false positive and can be eliminated from the final result. This additional information is incorporated into the detector information improving its accuracy. Based on the tests performed in this thesis, we can say that the use of this additional information considerably improves the precision in the pedestrian detection algorithms proposed in the literature, considerably reducing the number of false positives.

Este trabalho analisa a importância do mercado de capitais no desenvolvimento econômico, seu lugar no financiamento de longo prazo, dividindo este peso com o Estado, permitindo a participação pequenos investidores em uma vasta gama de empreendimentos, pulverizando a propriedade das companhias, servindo como instrumento de hedge, diversificando portfolios de investimento e como meio para mobilização de poupança. O estudo aborda a evolução da regulamentação no Brasil em anos recentes, discutindo como o ambiente regulatório pode ser melhorado, garantindo eficiência tanto do ponto de vista da companhia quanto do investidor, investigando como o mercado de capitais brasileiro é afetado pela regulação, já que normas pouco eficientes podem causar aumento de custos enquanto não alcançam seus objetivos, ao mesmo tempo procurando por evidências que expliquem a razão de alguns negócios, em setores específicos, buscarem mercados de capitais estrangeiros para captação.

Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie