Repositório RCAAP

Editorial - Acta Scientiarum. Education 37(3) 2015

This paper problematizes the constitution of teachers to teach mathematics in the early grades by considering a government policy – the National Pact for Literacy at the Right Age (PNAIC). For theoretical discussions, we considered Foucauldian studies, particularly the concepts of discourse, games of truth and government (conduction of conducts). The material consists of PNAIC Handbooks for Mathematical Literacy, comprehending Handbook 1 - Organization of the Pedagogical Work. From this material, the following groups of analysis have emerged: ‘instructions for teachers to guide the students, the classroom activities and records’; ‘pedagogical guidelines from the students’ experiences’; and ‘consideration of games, play and use of manipulable material to teach mathematics’. By examining the guidelines/instructions proposed in the PNAIC handbook, we can point out that, like many other handbooks for ‘good education’, they reaffirm sayings and actions that mathematics teachers should follow in order to attain their goals. 

The main objective of this article was to discuss and problematize how certain gender, ethnic and racial representations are constructed and reiterated daily in the school environment and circulate almost as absolute truths. This analysis relies on theories of Cultural Studies in Education and presents data collected on everyday situations at schools and interviews excerpts applied over a year of field work with children from kindergarten in a public school and children elementary school at a private institution, both located in Rio Grande do Sul. Our results indicate that, since childhood, children already incorporate and disseminate ‘stereotypical’ representations regarding gender, ethnic and racial affiliations. In particular, it was observed that the individuals who did not fit in the phenotypic characteristics considered ideal were negatively represented and discriminated. However, this study also showed the importance of pedagogies that question and dislocate the dominant representationsof race and gender, from the perspective of an anti-racist education. 

In this essay, we used the intellectual trajectory of Karl Marx to counter the hegemonic position concerning interdisciplinarity, which states that interdisciplinarity depends on the education of collectives. We affirm that it is possible to be interdisciplinary and undertake research of this nature, as an individual, as long as there is an option for engagement and commitment to an omnilateral perspective. This possibility collides with the currently predominant institutional and curricular organization, which leads to fragmentation, through a focus on distinct disciplines. However, this finding should not be an excuse not to confront the hegemonic current situation of knowledge production and the various forms of engagement simply because the systemic perspective is disciplinary. In this sense, it is pedagogical to review aspects of the Marxian educational trajectory and praxis to envision alternatives to the currently predominant positions, whether they give priority to disciplines, or extolling as a (pre)condition the constitution of groups, the collective, to consider triggering formative processes and actions or interdisciplinary praxis. Thinking of the formation of researcher-subjects and collectives from the totality of disciplinary specialists, from the perspective presented here, would be an assault to the concept of interdisciplinarity. 

This study aimed to analyze contents and forms of educating Santa Catarina children who attended public primary schools – school groups and isolated schools, between 1910 and 1935, using as elements the teaching programs, disciplinary codes, didactic texts and the indications of analytic methods for reading and writing. The sources include: the teaching program used in public schools from 1911 to 1914, the bylaws for school groups, regulations of public instruction for the period 1911-1914, legislative documents and reports from political and educational directors. The methodology sought to respond the questions: What material and symbolic elements appear concerning the education of children? How can we consider the multiplicity of childhoods that inhabited the time and space of primary schools? 

This paper describes the research that sought to understand the continuing education needs of teachers of a technology degree course Fashion Design, offered in a town in southern state of Santa Catarina. From the analysis of the pedagogical project of the course, questionnaire and interviews with teachers, we observed that most teachers referred to the training needs focused on methodological issues of education, to a certain extent included in the training spaces offered by the institution, however, focused on technical rationality and formatted as lectures and/or sporadic short courses. 

The purpose of this article was to discuss the impacts of PIBID on the improvement of the quality of basic education, from the perspective of those who compose it. It is one of the categories of analysis discussed in a broader research of qualitative approach that relied on document analysis and semi-structured interview as main instruments of construction and data analysis. The interviews were performed with six coordinators, seven supervisors, four collaborators and forty-eight scholarship students of four subprojects of a Brazilian federal university in 2013. The results showed that PIBID, although supporting new and different activities in schools, it cannot contribute, by itself, to improve the quality of basic education. This is because a program is unable to single-handedly change the Brazilian educational reality. 

The study evaluates the cumulative path traveled by the subject originally submitted to the state of nature (hominization) to the condition of ‘human being’ made of instrumental complexity and cognitive (humanization) elements. Education becomes the constitution axis from hominization to humanization, through the assumptions of incorporation of habitus of human nature. Through Historical Materialist Theory, we described habitus as the exercise of practices repeated and incorporated into the formation of the subject, thus becoming a ‘second nature’. The Theory of Emancipation described in Kant and Horkheimer and Adorno, we check the status of liberty of the subjects by the incorporation of a practice primarily belonging to the world of reason (ethics and aesthetics) or by negative educational action. 

The study is about the progression of historical knowledge, circumscribed to the transition from elementary school to high school. The integration of the three levels of schooling into the same basic education stage demands the suggestion of standards for progression. Based on this, the study draws a comparison among eight History textbook collections, investigating the strategies to ensure the progression of the historical knowledge. The analysis focus on the construction of historical temporality, due to the centrality of this concept in processes of history teaching and learning. The exposure is organized into three sections, starting with a brief discussion on the general characteristics of educational transitions, followed by a literature review about the progression of historical knowledge and ending with the analytical approach on the selected corpus. The preliminary results show that the didactic books analyzed deal with the historical temporality from the physical space, repeating in the high school the same approach of the elementary school, which evidences the limited concern with the progression and the complexity in the domain of temporal notions between these two segments. 

Editorial Acta Scientiarum. Education v. 37, n. 4, 2015

Referees for Volume 37, n. 4 of the Acta Scientiarium. Education, 2015

The goal of this study is to analyze and characterize the importance of the word as action unfolded in the public space. For this, we used the Bakhtinian notions of reflection and refraction, applied to the issue of communication in the common world, very important for Bakhtin and Arendt. In fact, we assume that these concepts can provide elements to think about the act of enunciation of judgment, without affectingits particular characteristic, since they seem to contribute to the breakdown of fossilized ways of thinking. 

In the face of media convergence, modes for production and dissemination of the contents have changed. Writing and reading practices also have changed in this context. On the other hand, it is worth mentioning that individuals surrounded by media show a new position due to dialogues established with them. At the current juncture, standing out the transmedia storytelling, emerges a new context regarding the production of contents on the fruition of the subject. This individual starts being an actor, but, actor of his/her own history, which are characterized by traces of an existing one, as is the case of fanfictions. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss fanfictions in the media convergence context, transmedia storytelling, in order to show the emphasis to the education field.   

Theoretical contributions are proposed for the formation of science teachers from the distinction between knowledge and thought presented by Hanna Arendt. For the author, the action of knowing, accomplished by science, seeks truths, while the thought, as a action of spirit, seeks meanings. The concept of creative potential is used, suggested by the plastic artist Fayga Ostrower, as a motivational factor of thinking for production of meanings. It can be concluded that science teaching must aim at the development of the ability of not only knowing, but also thinking, promoting the expansion of the creative potential of students and teachers. 

This study aims to make a critical analysis of legislation regulating the inclusion of disabled students in higher education in Brazil and Portugal. Based on a documentary study, conducted between September and November 2015, the legal standards in recent decades have been analyzed. The results point out different stages of construction of the inclusion policy in the researched countries. It is emphasized that there is a significant variety of norms in the Brazilian context to ensure that these students have equal opportunities, and a scarcity of regulations in Portugal. The legislation has been referred to as an important factor for the development of inclusive education; however it is noteworthy that the existence of legislation does not necessarily imply it is actually complied. Besides legislation, removing barriers for the full participation and learning of disabled students involves awareness, investment in resources, public policy makers and managers’ scientific knowledge to ensure a quality education throughout life for all people. 

This study aims to reflect on the action of the Jesuit intellectual, from the perspective of Manuel da Nobrega, under the concept of ‘intellectuals’ by Antonio Gramsci. It starts from the assumption that Jesuit priests, as organic intellectuals, were crucial to the achievement of the Portuguese colonial hegemony. To achieve the proposed goal, the following sources were used: the Antonio Gramsci’s Prison notebooks to discuss the concept of intellectuals and their organic role in hegemonic groups; and Brazil's Letters by Manuel da Nobrega, who expressed the commitment of the Jesuit intellectual educator to the educational policy of the Portuguese Crown in Brazil. The texts were interpreted critically and focused on understanding the role that Jesuits exercised in the formation of boards at service of hegemony maintenance. Catechesis and indigenous formation, as well as the boards among the settler’s children, have relatively met the interests of formation of key sectors of colonial hegemony. In schools, settler’s children composed the dominant sectors of colonial society, since they were graduated as intellectuals who would occupy functions of specialized boards of the Company and, also, in the administration in favor of the interests of the Crown to maintain the Portuguese culture. 

In this article, we aimed to understand the nouvelles classes, devised by the educator Gustave Monod and put intopractice in the French educational system in the immediate post-World War II. To this end, we initially explore the trajectory of Gustave Monod, highlighting his connection to the pedagogical perspective of the Movement of the New School and his participation in pacifist and anti-fascist political organizations. The focus of the analysis is placed on the decisive participation of Monot in creating the nouvelles classes in public schools in France, as well as in effecting the Centre International d'Etudes Pédagogiques (CIEP) in the city of Sèvres, a transnational space for the exchange of experiences of educational renewal. To guide the research, we used the notions of circulation and appropriation coined by Roger Chartier and an empirical corpus consisting of articles and books of French and Brazilian authors. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that several Brazilians had a professional training at the CIEP in the 1950s and employed the experience of nouvelles classes to produce the model of experimental secondary classes, which renewed the Brazilian secondary education. 

Feedback is one of the most significant tools on learning, teaching, developing autonomy, self-efficacy and achievement in the educational environment. Its importance is emphasized in articles, dissertations and theses; however, a very little number of them have been published recently. This article intends to verify in what perspective feedback has been examined, in what ways it has been revealed to be effective for students and teachers to reach their goals and identify possible gaps of study that need to be fulfilled in future researches. In order to carry out this investigation, this study examined articles, papers and theses published from 2006 to 2015 about feedback in courses of English as a foreign language (EFL), using ERIC database. Our findings were organized into six categories: corrective feedback in oral interaction; effects of peer feedback; feedback expectancy; teachers’ conceptions of intelligence and their relations in offering feedback; the effect of different types of feedback strategies on written texts; the use of feedback through technology. The results indicate that feedback is a crucial tool in the educational process and it plays a central role in learning a foreign language. Further investigations concerning feedback are suggested. 

This article focuses on the narrative of Humberto de Campos in his first volume of memoirs (1886-1900) with regard to the education of the author. The first section emphasizes the importance of autobiographical writing for research in History of Education, and especially in History of Mathematics Education. The second section is a brief presentation of Humberto de Campos as a Brazilian writer. The next part discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations adopted for the use of autobiographical sources in research. The core of the text consists of the approach of the main school experiences narrated by Humberto de Campos in Parnaíba, in the interior of the state of Piauí, in the 1890s, highlighting practices that involve mathematical knowledge. The writer’s school memories emphasize the material precariousness of elementary education, the simultaneous teaching of many students of different levels in schools managed by a single teacher and the teaching methods based on repetition and memorization and supported in practices of punishment and humiliation of students. 

The goal of this study was to investigate concepts published in the Journalof Pedagogy (1957-1966) related to the definitions on the objectives and intervention strategies in isolated schools located in the state of Paraná. The Journalof Pedagogy was leaded by the intellectual and educator Erasmo Pilotto (1910-1992), considered by history of education as one of the main organizers of the New School in Paraná. The journal was published by the Association of Pedagogical Studies (1956-1970), an institution that mainly focused on the education of elementary school teachers, seeking to discuss plans, proposals and methodologiesfor teaching, especially designed for isolated schools, published mainly by the Journal of Pedagogy. The theoretical support of this research was based on Bourdieu's considerations about the concept of intellectual and his praxiological theory to analyze the contribution of Pilotto to the educational field. The journal, which had five volumes and 22 issues, is the main source of this work alongside with the works of Pilotto and Dottrens. In the sources mentioned, we analyzed Pilotto’s conceptions and how he took the contributions of education individualization present in the work of Dottrens.