Repositório RCAAP

Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring alopecia, which often carries a major impact on patients' quality of life. Currently there is no single approved treatment that effectively induces permanent remission. Recently, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway has emerged as a possible therapeutic target leading to increased interest in the use of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKis) in the treatment of this pathology. This review of the literature summarizes information on patients with AA who underwent treatment with JAKis and discusses the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of its use. A literature search was conducted in different databases to identify clinical trials and case reports published in January 2019. Several clinical studies have shown very promising results in the treatment of AA with oral formulas of JAKis. These agents, however, need chronic administration to maintain response. Topical formulations did not show satisfactory responses. The safety profile of these agents appears to be favorable. Current evidence is promising regarding the efficacy and safety of oral JAKis. However, the data obtained are of low quality, originating predominantly from reports of clinical cases. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and to optimize its long-term efficacy and safety.

Notwithstanding the speculations from the literature, the empirical analyses still neglect the convergence between populism and technocracy. The Italian case can be of some interest in this perspective, given the rise of technocratic populism since Silvio Berlusconi’s rise to power in 1994. By analyzing the style of leadership and the processes of ministerial appointment and delegation, we argue that Berlusconi has been a trendsetter, more than a coherent example of technocratic populist leader. On the one hand, he played the role of the entrepreneur in politics, promising to run the state as a firm. Moreover, he adopted an anti-establishment appeal, delegitimizing political opponents and stressing the divide between ‘us’ (hardworking ordinary people) and ‘them’ (incompetent politicians). On the other hand, however, his anti-elite approach was mainly directed towards the ‘post-communist elite.’ Extending the analysis to the following two decades, we introduce a diachronic comparison involving three examples of leadership somehow influenced by Berlusconi. Mario Monti represents the paradox of the impossible hero: A pure technocrat unable to take a genuinely populist semblance. Matteo Renzi represents the attempt to mix a populist party leadership with a technocratic chief executive style. Finally, Salvini represents the pure nativist heir of Berlusconi, as the new leader of the right-wing camp. The latest developments of executive leadership in Italy, and the re-emergence of other residual hints of technocratic populism, will be discussed in the final section of the article, also in the light of the evident impact of the 2020 pandemic outbreak on the practices of government.

The present article opens with a generic plea for the de-imperialization of Lusophone studies. A de-imperial turn should allow researchers to explore more thoroughly the experiences of diaspora and exile that an empire-centered history and its spin-offs have obfuscated; it should also help to de-essentialize depictions of Portuguese heritage and culture shaped by these narratives. Such a turn promises to address the multiple identifications, internal diversities, and racialized inequalities produced by the making and unmaking of empire. My contribution consists of a few ethnographic-historic case studies collected at the intersections of empire, post-empire, and diaspora. These include nineteenthcentury diasporic movements that brought Portuguese subjects to competing empires; past and present celebrations of heritage in diasporic contexts; culture wars around representations; and current directions in post-imperial celebrations and reparations.

Objetivos: Articular, por um lado, o investimento parental nas mães que experienciaram um parto pré-termo e, por outro lado, o sentimento de competência materna e as memórias de infância relativas às figuras parentais. Perceber de que forma as memórias de infância, explicam a variância estatística do sentimento de competência percebido pela mãe de um bebé pré-termo. Amostra: Mães (N = 31) que deram à luz antes do termo da gravidez e cujos filhos têm 0 e 7 anos de idade cronológica. O recrutamento ocorreu na Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa (N = 13) ou foram recrutadas através do enfermeiro de família na USF de Santa Maria em Tomar (n = 18). Instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico; Escala de Investimento Parental na Criança (Bradley, Whiteside, Mansell & Brisby, 1997; versão Portuguesa de Gameiro, Martinho, Canavarro & Moura-Ramos, 2008), Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979; versão Portuguesa de Geada, 2003) e a Escala de Sentimento de Competência Parental (Johnston & Mash, 1989; versão Portuguesa de Ferreira, Veríssimo, Santos & Cardoso, 2011). Hipóteses: Espera-se que as variáveis das memórias de infância e do sentimento de competência materno apresentem contributos significativos para a explicação da variância das variáveis do investimento parental vivido pelas mães. Espera-se, também, que as variáveis das memórias de infância maternas apresentem contributos significativos para a explicação da variância das variáveis do sentimento de competência materno. Resultados: A contribuição significativa das memórias de infância parentais de cuidado e superproteção, em interação com as dimensões do sentimento de competência materno, para a explicação da aceitação do papel parental, foi parcialmente confirmada. A contribuição significativa das memórias infantis de cuidado e superproteção para a explicação do sentimento de competência materno total, foi parcialmente confirmada. Conclusão: De acordo com as nossas hipóteses as memórias de infância e a satisfação com o desempenho do papel parental, são indispensáveis para a compreensão da forma como as mães investem nos seus bebés. Além disso, as memórias de infância das mães contribuem para a compreensão do sentimento de competência materno na relação com o seu bebé pré-termo.

O presente trabalho surge da análise das possibilidades de mudança dos paradigmas da atual ordem social estabelecida, principalmente através dos novos cenários gerados e geradores das novas tecnologias. Serão analisadas, portanto, as perspectivas de conexão entre as pessoas, pelas obras de autores como Fairclough, Bauman, Halliday, Castells e Debord, de modo que as temáticas que envolvem áreas abrangentes como Comunicação & Marketing e Análise do discurso estão intrincados de maneira híbrida, variada e complexa. A análise se debruça sobre os discursos nas mídias sociais em âmbito digital, ou seja, o contexto social é de extrema importância para este trabalho, junto às ferramentas e plataformas disponíveis, com seus limites e possibilidades. Entre estratégias de Marketing e análise do discurso, dois conceitos serão apresentados neste trabalho: OnLife e Discursos Líquidos, de modo a corroborar com o discurso como uma prática social, como um grande contributo para as mudanças sociais, sob os mais variados panoramas.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been used in dermatology as a therapeutic strategy for several malignant and premalignant conditions. Currently, it is approved in Europe for the treatment of actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ, and some forms of basal cell carcinoma, with favorable clearance rates associated with satisfying aesthetic results. Nonetheless, in the past few years, PDT has also demonstrated efficacy in many other conditions, including inflammatory and infectious dermatoses. These results, probably explained by its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal effects, may lead to an expansion of PDT indications in the upcoming years. In this article, conditions where PDT may be useful are reviewed, thus highlighting the potential of this therapeutic modality for the dermatologist.

There are numerous studies concerning the effect of UVB light on skin cells but fewer on other skin components such as the interstitial fluid. This review highlights high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as important targets of UVB in interstitial fluid. Tryptophan residues are the sole apolipoprotein residues absorbing solar UVB. The UVB-induced one-electron oxidation of Trp produces (•)Trp and (•)O2 (-) radicals which trigger lipid peroxidation. Immunoblots from buffered solutions or suction blister fluid reveal that propagation of photooxidative damage to other residues such as Tyr or disulfide bonds produces intra- and intermolecular bonds in apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B100. Partial repair of phenoxyl tyrosyl radicals (TyrO(•)) by α -tocopherol is observed with LDL and HDL on millisecond or second time scales, whereas limited repair of α -tocopherol by carotenoids occurs in only HDL. More effective repair of Tyr and α -tocopherol is observed with the flavonoid, quercetin, bound to serum albumin, but quercetin is less potent than new synthetic polyphenols in inhibiting LDL lipid peroxidation or restoring α -tocopherol. The systemic consequences of HDL and LDL oxidation and the activation and/or inhibition of signalling pathways by oxidized LDL and their ability to enhance transcription factor DNA binding activity are also reviewed.

Bullous dermatoses are a variety of autoimmune skin diseases that are characterized by the presence of bullae or blisters. Most of these diseases are associated with substantial morbidity, and a few may result in death. Although most general approaches to the treatment and diagnosis of these entities are similar, the diagnosis of the specific disease is important, because the most appropriate dosage and timing of some commonly used medications vary considerably. The review covers the management of main autoimmune bullous dermatoses, including bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris, linear IgA dermatosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, and bullous systemic lupus erythematosus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition, the prevalence of which is increasing in Europe. Continuous glucose monitoring systems, such as FreeStyle Libre (Abbott Diabetes Care, UK) have improved DM management. This device is applied to the skin through an adhesive and remains in place for up to 14 days, dynamically measuring interstitial glucose levels.

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Esta investigação estuda o desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico de futuros professores e educadores e a sua aprendizagem sobre o ensino aprendizagem da Álgebra nos primeiros anos, no âmbito de uma experiência de formação com uma abordagem exploratória, com particular enfoque em situações que envolvem modelação matemática. O estudo segue uma metodologia qualitativa, usando estudos de caso. Os participantes são formandos de uma turma da unidade curricular Álgebra e Funções da Licenciatura em Educação Básica, leccionada pela primeira autora. São seleccionados quatro formandos para estudos de caso. Os dados são recolhidos por dois questionários realizados aos 20 formandos da turma antes e depois da realização da experiência de formação. Foram ainda realizadas três entrevistas individuais em diferentes momentos da experiência de formação aos quatro formandos, tendo por base tarefas matemáticas que abordam diferentes tópicos da Álgebra. São ainda fontes de dados a observação participante e os documentos produzidos pelos formandos. Este artigo apresenta dados relativos ao trabalho desenvolvido pela turma e, de um modo particular, por Alice no âmbito do trabalho da modelação matemática. Os resultados referem-se ao desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico dos formandos e à sua compreensão do ensino e da aprendizagem da Álgebra nos primeiros anos, no âmbito da experiência de formação, quando analisam produções de alunos do 6.º ano e reflectem sobre a abordagem de ensino seguida pela professora para desenvolver nos seus alunos a capacidade de resolver situações de modelação. Os formandos identificam aspectos fundamentais que visam o desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico dos alunos.

The English dramas of Fernando Pessoa are virtually unknown. Pessoa’s archive includes fragments of Marino, Prometheus Rebound (or Revinctus), and Duke of Parma—three dramatic projects that remain almost entirely unpublished. This paper is the first of two aiming to present Marino, the earliest of these English dramas. The editorial introduction includes a brief background on Pessoa’s drama, a discussion of the state of the art of Pessoa’s English plays, notes on defining and dating the corpus of Marino, a commentary on the meter and versification employed by Pessoa, and an explanation of the transcription criteria and symbols used. The edition includes half of Marino’s corpus, featuring transcriptions, facsimiles, and a critical apparatus of: 23 datable fragments (14 of them previously unpublished) written between 1903–1908; an outline of the play likely made in 1906; and 13 lists in which Pessoa refers to the drama between 1903–1914.

Christian poetry, and Biblical epic in particular, is intensely self-conscious. Both Greek and Latin Christian poets begin or end their compositions, paraphrases and centos with poetological reflections on the value and objectives of their works. The fifth-century Paraphrase of the Gospel according to John is an anomaly in this tradition. While Nonnus’ mythological epic, the Dionysiaca, is heavily self-conscious in that it includes a strong authorial voice as well as an extensive prooemium and an interlude, the Christian Paraphrase has no prooemium, epilogue or interlude, and its narrator never identifies himself. This article examines two passages in the Paraphrase where subtle, implicit poetological reflections may be detected, and then explores the reasons why Nonnus may have chosen to deny the Paraphrase a clear (meta)literary identity. It argues that Nonnus’ poem presents itself as the Gospel of John, and that its narrator ‘becomes’ John the Evangelist in a spiritual exercise which is indebted to Origen’s views on that Gospel.

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Lamentations Rabbah Proem 24, a late ancient rabbinic midrash, is in many ways a unique text within the entire rabbinic corpus. It presents an extraordinary array of characters (including Abraham, Moses, the Torah, and even the alphabet) who are called upon to placate God, but fail. As their quest proves inconclusive, the biblical Rachel jumps into the fray to tell her story: how out of sisterly compassion she allowed Leah to take her own place in the conjugal bed on “her” wedding night. Disclosing to her sister the secretive “signs” she had shared with Jacob, Rachel crawled under the nuptial bed to respond to Jacob whenever he spoke. This scandalous autobiography transforms an apparent instance of illicit sex, the ideal material for theatrical stage mimes, into an act of martyrdom and sublime compassion. This article argues that the performance culture of the late ancient Mediterranean world provides the key for assessing this text’s originality. We begin with an analysis of the text, drawing attention to its theatrical qualities and its relationships with contemporary visual imagery (mosaics) and texts from outside the rabbinic milieu (Christian Apocrypha). We then examine the casting of midrashic Rachel as a response to both the mimic adulteress and the Christian martyr. Finally, we consider rabbinic familiarity with mime, particularly with its usefulness as a social mediator and agent of collective catharsis. It is precisely these aspects of mimic performance, we argue, that Rachel’s vignette appropriates in this fascinating rabbinic text.

This study's purpose is to systematically review the literature to identify the most recent library practices against fake news. Libraries are perceived as an important player against the fake news phenomenon. However, this role is often cornered in a positive self-perception of the work of librarians. This article investigates the tangible practices of libraries, discusses their efficiency, and provides a categorization of those practices. It was performed a systematic literature review of the last three years to retrieve the most recent library practices. After the extraction, with a final set of 27 documents, a multi-step qualitative analysis and a categorization were developed. Findings show most studies emphasize academic libraries practices and are mainly focused on information literacy instruction. The current debate is around strategies that intend to reiterate an authority-based source evaluation versus the challenge to recognize an emotional-based reaction to fake news in a post-truth world, and the need to scout libraries' new routes.

The present paper aims to study the item i in Kriol, the Portuguese-related creole of Guinea-Bissau. More specifically, i is 3SG subject pronoun and also functions as copula in individual-level predication. As a pronoun, i may also occur as resumptive to topic-comment structures. On the basis of the striking similarity between copular clauses with i and topic-comment structures with resumptive i, I will argue that the pronoun i and the copula i are not simple homophones, but represent two different syntactic functions of the very same item. I assume that the copula i derives from the resumptive pronoun i in topic-comment structures. This kind of grammaticalization of the pronoun into a copula, also known as copularization, is well documented in a number of languages. The main goal of the paper will be to reconstruct the path of grammaticalization of the copula i and to provide a syntactic account of it. I will follow Lohndal (2009) in assuming that this kind of grammaticalization, motivated by the ambiguity caused by certain topic-comment structures with resumptive pronoun, corresponds to an economy-oriented structural change: the pronoun shifts from the specifier to the head of the predication phrase (PredP). This shift is part of the type of structural changes described as copula cycle (see e.g. van Gelderen 2004, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2015; Lohndal 2009). Given that 3SG i is arguably a subject clitic and cannot sit in the specifier of PredP, I will argue, on the basis of Kihm’s (2007) paper, that in the proto-creole that gave rise to Kriol and the other Upper Guinea creoles there was a 3SG nonclitic pronoun *ele. It occurred as resumptive to topic-comment structures and was later reanalysed as a copula.

O projeto de investigação LORIVAI - Loulé Velho e o paleoestuário da ribeira de Carcavai tem como objetivo principal o estudo do sítio romano de Loulé Velho (Quarteira, Loulé), do papel que desempenhou na dinâmica do povoamento local/regional e da economia desde a época romana à Antiguidade Tardia (séc. I-VI d.C.). Os trabalhos arqueológicos que aí foram sendo intermitentemente realizados nos últimos 50 anos permitiram a identificação de estruturas ligadas à produção de preparados de peixe (cetariae), outras associadas à produção de vinho ou azeite (contrapeso cilíndrico) e uma necrópole. A destruição contínua que tem sofrido pelo recuo da arriba e avanço da linha do mar levou à recuperação de um enorme volume de achados arqueológicos (centenas de fragmentos de objectos de cerâmica, osso, metal, vidro, etc.) que estão a ser objecto de estudo sistemático no âmbito deste projecto, que se pretende colaborativo e participado também pela população do concelho Loulé.