Repositório RCAAP

3.º Conde de Castelo Melhor, Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa (1635- ‑1720), não é propriamente uma personagem histórica desconhecida de públicos mais alargados. No entanto, está longe de constituir uma figura amplamente identificada, num século XVII português em que poucas se destacaram na posteridade, à excepção do seu contemporâneo, adversário e cúmplice correspondente, Padre António Vieira. Os textos que se reúnem neste livro não pretendem constituir uma biografia do valido do rei D. Afonso VI, mas configuram-se como um conjunto de estudos sobre novos ou renovados temas que procuram abrir portas e concitar novas pesquisas nessa direcção.

Introduction: The influence of burnout, academic engagement, and their interaction in dropout intention among medical students should be further studied. Current research shows its consequences are relevant, however, there is little understanding on burnout and academic engagement moderation in dropout intention. The current study tested a model that relates the effects of coping strategies, social support satisfaction, general distress on academic engagement, burnout, and dropout intention, on medical students. Methods: Through an online survey a non-probabilistic sample of one Medical Faculty's 1st- and 2nd-year students was recruited. Cross-sectional data were collected using psychometric instruments (Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey, Social Support Satisfaction Scale for College Students, Brief COPE Scale for College Students, University Student Engagement Inventory, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale), sociodemographic and academic variables, and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: 532 students (76% response rate) enrolled in the study. Latent variables structural model presented a satisfactory fit to the data and confirmed the expected negative path between burnout and dropout intention (βDI<-SB=0.430; p<.001) and the latent moderation burnout x engagement (βDI<-SB*SE=-0.218; p<.001). Conclusion: Academic engagement attenuates the impact of burnout on dropout intention, working as a protective factor. Social support satisfaction and adaptive coping are associated with increased levels of academic engagement, and general distress and maladaptive coping are associated with burnout. Medical Schools should develop interventions to prevent dropout intention, tackle students' stress and academic challenges, and develop their academic engagement levels.

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This investigation deals with the life and work of the Portuguese sculptor António Paiva and is not a monography. António Paiva can be considered a sculptor of the second modernism, as he seeks to counteract residual academic standards2. Thus, the starting point was the contextualization of the life and work of this sculptor, both historically and politically, as well as artistically and biographically. António Paiva's life is intrinsically relatedto his sculptures, in the sense that it is possible to understand, through his analysis, the critical gaze of the author and his choices. It was through the analysis of some of his sculptures that we were able to establish the causality index between the artist's life and work. Given the extent of the work found, we opted for a typological classification, pre-defined in the workby Marie Thérese Baudryet. At the same time and to disseminate António Paiva's sculptural work, we decided to create a second volume of this dissertation with all the inventory of the work found. It is on these sheets that we gather the images of the sculptures and all the technical information corresponding to each one

Il progetto di Laurea Magistrale qui presentato si concretizza in un videogioco dove il giocatore assume il ruolo di protagonista e dove la narrativa ha un ruolo preponderante e fondamentale. La trama sviluppata prevede un protagonista che interagisce con la sua invenzione: una macchina cosi avanzata che permette di prevedere i risultati di qualsiasi scelta possibile. Per decidere eticamente riguardo a cosa fare in relazione a questa scoperta, il protagonista delega questa decisione alla macchina stessa. Partendo da questa opera interattiva si vogliono investigare le potenzialita e le problematiche che si generano a partire dalla dicotomia tra narrazione e interazione, la cui somma garantisce una grande forza comunicativa oltre che a una nuova modalita di trasmissione del messaggio. Grazie all’Interactive storytelling e ai suoi possibili approcci si indaga il potere comunicativo e emozionale delle due componenti prese in esame: il valore empatico della narrativa e il coinvolgimento dell’interazione. In queso modo si indaga la relazione tra azione e narrazione, per inspirare al meglio lo spettatore, che si trasforma in interattore. Anche i ruoli di interattore e autore saranno analizzati in questo saggio. Per riassumere, attraverso la comunicazione allegorica, sia in termini visuali che in termini di trama, si pongono interrogativi filosofici relazionati con il libero arbitrio

Males of several fish species aggregate and vocalize together, increasing the detection range of the sounds and their chances of mating. In the Lusitanian toadfish (Halobatrachus didactylus), breeding males build nests under rocks in close proximity and produce hundreds of boatwhistles (BW) an hour to attract females to lay their demersal eggs on their nests. Chorusing behaviour includes fine-scale interactions between individuals, a behavioural dynamic worth investigating in this highly vocal fish. Here we present a study to further investigate this species' vocal temporal patterns on a fine (individual rhythms and male-male interactions) and large (chorus daily patterns) scales. Several datasets recorded in the Tagus estuary were labelled with the support of an automatic recognition system based on hidden Markov models. Fine-scale vocal temporal patterns exhibit high variability between and within individuals, varying from an almost isochronous to an apparent aperiodic pattern. When in a chorus, males exhibited alternation or synchrony calling patterns, possibly depending on motivation and social context (mating or male-male competition). When engaged in sustained calling, males usually alternated vocalizations with their close neighbours thus avoiding superposition of calls. Synchrony was observed mostly in fish with lower mean calling rate. Interaction patterns were less obvious in more distanced males. Daily choruses showed periods with several active calling males and periods of low activity with no significant diel patterns in shallower intertidal waters. Here, chorusing activity was mainly affected by tide level. In contrast, at a deeper location, although tidal currents causes a decrease in calling rate, tide level did not significantly influence calling, and there was a higher calling rate at night. These data show that photoperiod and tide levels can influence broad patterns of Lusitanian toadfish calling activity as in other shallow-water fishes, but fine temporal patterns in acoustic interactions among nesting males is more complex than previously known for fishes.

Aquatic noise has increased in last decades imposing new constraints on aquatic animals' acoustic communication. Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) produce loud choruses during the breeding season, likely facilitating aggregations and mating, and are thus amenable to being impacted by anthropogenic noise. We assessed the impact of boat noise on this species acoustic communication by: evaluating possible masking effects of boat noise on hearing using Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP) and inspecting changes in chorus sound levels from free ranging fish upon boat passages. Our results point to a significant masking effect of anthropogenic noise since we observed a reduction of ca. 20 dB on the ability to discriminate conspecific calls when exposed to boat noise. Furthermore, we verified a reduction in chorus energy during ferryboat passages, a behavioural effect that might ultimately impact spawning. This study is one of few addressing the effects of boat noise by combining different methodologies both in the lab and with free ranging animals.

Esta tese é sobre a possibilidade de descrever uma regra em estética. O argumento é desenvolvido a partir de uma leitura das Aulas sobre estética de Ludwig Wittgenstein, relacionando esta com uma leitura das Investigações Filosóficas. São também discutidas algumas passagens de outros livros de Wittgenstein, com o objectivo de clarificar o argumento inicial. No primeiro capítulo é discutido o uso que Wittgenstein faz nas Aulas sobre estética da expressão dar caras'. Esta expressão é posta em relação com o argumento da linguagem privada e com o conceito de ver a como b' tal como descritos nas Investigações Filosóficas. No segundo capítulo é discutida a expressão deterioração' usada por Wittgenstein nas Aulas sobre estética. A discussão deste conceito, tem como propósito, mostrar como podemos partilhar determinadas regularidades sem termos descrições exactas ou listagens dessas mesmas regularidades. O terceiro capítulo é dedicado ao conceito de intenção. A discussão deste conceito é limitada ao seu uso em estética e é feita a partir da expressão jogos jogados com dois motivos usada por Wittgenstein nas Aulas sobre estética. Ainda neste capítulo, é defendida a hipótese de que podemos entender intenções e de que a compreensão destas faz parte do jogo da estética'. No quarto capítulo é descrito aquilo que poderia ser uma regra em estética. Esta descrição é feita a partir de exemplos de vários tipos de regras, a fim de mostrar os aspectos relevantes no caso da estética.

Resumo da tese de doutoramento em Letras – História Moderna, intitulada "A Governação de D. João III: a Fazenda Real e os seus Vedores", aprovada por unanimidade com Distinção e Louvor na Universidade de Lisboa em 1999.

Passive acoustic monitoring is a valuable tool for non-intrusive monitoring of marine environments, also allowing the assessment of underwater noise that can negatively affect marine organisms. Here we provide for the first time, an assessment of noise levels and temporal soundscape patterns for a European estuary. We used several eco-acoustics methodologies to characterize the data collected over six weeks within May 2016 - July 2017 from Tagus estuary. Biophony was the major contributor dominated by fish vocalizations and the main driver for seasonal patterns. Maritime traffic was the major source of anthropogenic noise, with daily patterns monitored using 1584 Hz third-octave band level. This indicator avoided biophony and geophony, unlike other indicators proposed for the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Furthermore, the frequency overlap between anthropophony and biophony demands precautionary actions and calls for further research. This study provides an assessment that will be useful for future monitoring and management strategies.

Cetaceans are considered ecosystem engineers and useful bioindicators of the health of marine environments. The Eastern North Atlantic is an area of great geographical and oceanographic complexity that favours ecosystem richness and, consequently, cetacean occurrence. Although this occurrence has led to relevant scientific research on this taxon, information on the composition of this research has not been assessed. We aimed to describe and quantify the evolution of research on cetaceans in the Eastern North Atlantic, highlighting the main focal areas and trends. We considered 380 peer-reviewed publications between 1900 and 2018. For each paper, we collected publication year, research topics and regions, and species studied. We assessed differences among regions with distinct socio-economic landscapes, and between coastal and oceanic habitats. To evaluate the changes in scientific production over time, we fitted a General Additive Model to the time series of numbers of papers. Although research in this region has been increasing, the results show relatively little research output in North African and coastal regions within the study area. Moreover, except for four studies, research was restricted to a few miles around the coast of the main islands, leaving offshore regions less well surveyed. There was little research on genetics, acoustics, and behaviour. Most papers were focused on the Azores and Canary Islands, and mostly involved Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis, and Physeter macrocephalus. Species considered Endangered or Near Threatened were the subjects of only 10% of the studies. We suggest a greater research focus on beaked whales (Ziphiidae) in Macaronesia, as well as collaborative efforts between research teams in the region, by sharing data sets, and aiming to produce long-term research. Moreover, a Delphi method approach, based on questionnaires answered by experts, could be attempted to identify priority research for cetaceans in these areas.

Approximately 65% of primate species are facing extinction, with threats including the impacts of linear infrastructures such as roads, railways, and power lines, associated with habitat loss and fragmentation, direct and indirect mortality, and changes in animal behavioral patterns. Nevertheless, this is an often-overlooked topic in primatology, and there is limited information on which regions and species are most affected by linear infrastructures. Here, we provide a global assessment of priority areas and primate species for conservation by integrating information from global-scale open-access data sets on the distributional ranges, traits, and threats to primate species and linear infrastructures, together with a systematic literature review and a questionnaire sent to primatological societies. We produced a bivariate map that reflects the patterns of co-occurrence of the Conservation Value and Infrastructure Density. From this map we highlight Primate Mitigation Areas (regions with high Primate Conservation Value and Infrastructure Density), which are areas where infrastructure mitigation should be prioritized; and the Primate Preservation Areas (regions with high Primate Conservation Value and low Infrastructure Density), which represent areas that should be preserved from further infrastructure development. Primate Mitigation Areas primarily include the Atlantic forest of Brazil, the Guinean forests of West Africa, and most of Southeastern Asia, whereas Primate Preservation Areas are found principally in the Amazon and Congo River basins. Our assessment also produced a list of priority species affected by infrastructures, with the great apes and gibbons ranking highest. Global infrastructure projects, especially the Belt and Road Initiative, can seriously affect both priority areas (particularly preservation areas) and the most vulnerable species, due to the massive sprawl of linear infrastructures and associated human activity. Thus, we call for dedicated strategic environmental and social assessments throughout these different economic corridors within the Belt and Road Initiative planning process, prior to developing the different projects. Our assessment can serve as a tool to coordinate management actions and legislation around the world.

Electrocution on power lines is an important human-related cause of bird mortality and an important conservation issue worldwide. Besides impacts on bird populations, electrocutions cause power outages, resulting in damage to power line network integrity. However, there is a general lack of knowledge on the risk of bird electrocution, especially in developing countries. Generating information over large scales without resorting to local mortality data can be useful for the development of regional management strategies, particularly in countries where electrocution is poorly documented. Here, we developed a framework to model the risk of bird electrocution as an interaction between the species-specific exposure to power lines (pole density within a species distribution range) and susceptibility (morphological and behavioral traits associated with electrocution hazards). We applied this framework to Brazil, identifying 283 species that face a risk of electrocution, of which 38 were classified as higher risk, mostly raptors (76%). The Pantanal (a large wetland biome) concentrates the greatest cumulative susceptibility due to the high number of species vulnerable to electrocution (i.e. large species using power lines for perching or nesting), while the Atlantic Forest region has a higher risk for electrocution, due to the spatial overlap between the presence of vulnerable species and high exposure to power lines. Furthermore, our study identified spatial patterns of bird electrocution, highlighting priority areas for electrocution susceptibility and electrocution risk to be further investigated, and where measures to mitigate bird electrocutions should be applied on new and existing power lines. Our framework allows a preliminary assessment aimed at identifying areas of higher risk of electrocution, to highlight species vulnerable to this threat and to improve power line routing. This approach can be replicated to other understudied areas of the world where the same information is available.

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Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) represent a serious source of mortality for many species, threatening local populations’ persistence while also carrying high economic and human safety costs. Animals may adapt their behaviour to road-associated threats, but roadside resources can also attract individuals to dangerous roadside habitats, ultimately acting as an ecological trap. Yet, the extent to which individuals modify their behaviour and space use to roads is largely unknown for most taxonomic groups. Using fine-scale movement data from 38 giant anteaters Myrmecophaga tridactyla tracked in the Brazilian Cerrado, we aimed to identify facets of movement behaviour that might exhibit plasticity to roads and traffic volume. Specifically, the analysis of daily and instantaneous movement speeds, home-range characteristics and crossing rates/times allowed us to test for an effect of road proximity, traffic volume and natural linear features on movement behaviour. We found no effect of road proximity or traffic volume on space use or movement behaviour. While individuals tended to reduce their movement speed when approaching roads and crossed roads ˜3 times less than would have been expected by random chance, none of the three highways we monitored were impervious. The majority of tracked anteaters living near roads (<2 km) crossed them, with higher crossing rates for males than females. Habitat near roads may function as an ecological trap where healthy individuals occupy the territories nearby or bisected by roads but eventually are road-killed given their regular crossings, leaving the territory vacant for subsequent occupation. Crucially, we found no evidence that anteaters actively searched for passage structures to cross the roads. This suggests that crossing structures alone are unlikely to mitigate WVC-induced mortality in giant anteaters. Our research reinforces the need to implement fencing, leading to existing passages, and minimizing the amount of night-time driving to reduce the number of WVCs.

Esta Newsletter (NL) resulta de uma parceria entre o Instituto de Saúde Baseada na Evidência e a Cochrane Portugal, e tem como objectivo disponibilizar informação sobre áreas interessantes para a prática clínica, com base na melhor evidência científica. São incluídos estudos relevantes, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática, resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão. É dada prioridade a estudos de causalidade incluindo-se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos e metodológicos, assim como revisões científicas. O conteúdo da NL é da exclusiva responsabilidade do(s) seu(s) autor(es).

A pandemia da COVID-19 e os seus efeitos assumiram um duplo papel nas escolas e nas comunidades escolares. Por um lado, aceleraram o processo de digitalização já em curso com a progressiva introdução de estratégias pedagógicas inovadoras, como são exemplo a gamification ou a utilização de aplicações eletrónicas em sala de aula. Por outro lado, agravaram as, também conhecidas, fragilidades e desigualdades presentes no sistema educativo. Por exemplo, as desigualdades no acesso a equipamentos e à internet por parte de alunos em situações socias mais vulneráveis, inclusivamente no que respeita às limitações das próprias habitações. Ou, a outro nível, a falta de literacia digital que se acentua nas faixas etárias menos jovens, mas ainda com responsabilidades educativas, como será o caso de alguns professores. Ora, numa área de experimentação e criação de sentido crítico como é o da Educação Ambiental que, em larga medida, depende da Natureza vivida e experimentada, todas estas dificuldades aumentaram à medida que as atividades migraram do espaço exterior para o interior, e das salas de aulas para as salas de estar no seio das famílias. Neste contexto, as novas regras de saúde pública impostas pela pandemia exigiram de todos (professores, alunos, famílias…) um esforço de adaptação inusitado que não deixou de ter efeitos perversos nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem: nos diversos níveis de ensino, a maioria dos alunos indicou estar a aprender menos durante as aulas à distância. Apesar disso, talvez não sejam de descurar algumas vantagens que a inovação imposta por este “ensino remoto de emergência” proporcionou. Desde logo, a concretização de mais ofertas escolares em territórios que delas careciam, como o caso de grande parte do interior rural. Depois, a potencialmente mais facilitada articulação de contextos e necessidades familiares e pessoais proporcionada pela flexibilidade de horários e por meios e contextos de trabalho alternativos.

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The objective of this article is to analyse the effect of entrepreneurial competence and planning guidance on the relations between university students’ entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial intention. In this correlational study, the empirical model was tested through Structural Equation Modeling on a sample of 2,771 university students via an online survey at a federal higher education institution in northeastern Brazil. The results point to the moderation effect only of entrepreneurial competence on the relation between entrepreneurial attitude and intention, with this relationship being stronger in students who perceive themselves as more competent. We conclude that self-perception of entrepreneurial skills strengthens the effects of positive attitudes on entrepreneurial career intention, which adds to other evidence of the importance of context and entrepreneurial education for engaging in that career.