Repositório RCAAP

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Três fases da pesquisa em aquisição da linguagem são caracterizadas em função do modo como a tarefa da criança é concebida na trajetória da teoria lingüística: como aquisição de regras, fixação de parâmetros e fixação de parâmetros restritos ao léxico, diante de imposições das interfaces da língua com sistemas de desempenho. Constata-se convergência nos desenvolvimentos de diferentes campos das ciências cognitivas com relação à necessidade de haver restrições à forma das gramáticas. O modo como propriedades de traços formais de elementos funcionais podem ser identificadas nas interfaces é considerado. Este envolve tanto procedimentos de natureza estatística quanto o sistema computacional lingüístico. Perspectivas com relação a uma teoria da aquisição da linguagem são consideradas, apontando-se para a necessidade de um modelo integrado da competência lingüística ser tomado como referência no desenvolvimento da mesma. Palavras-chave: aquisição da linguagem; minimalismo; bootstrapping; procedimentos de aquisição. ABSTRACT Three phases of the research on language acquisition are characterized in relation to the way the task of the child has been conceived of in generative linguistics: as rule identification, the setting of parameters, the setting of parameters restricted to the lexicon, given the constraints imposed by the interface levels between language and performance systems. Convergence in the theoretical developments from different fields of the cognitive sciences is attested in relation to need for constraints on the form of the grammar. The way formal features of functional elements may be identified at the interface levels is considered. It involves both statistical procedures and the language computational system. Perspectives in relation to a theory of language acquisition are considered and it is argued that an integrated model of linguistic competence is in need for the development of such a theory. Key words: language acquisition; minimalism; boostrapping; language learning procedures.

The acquisition of bare nouns/DPs contrasts in BP is investigated. Recent studies have shown a preference for children’s interpreting plural nominals as generic in English, Spanish or Catalan. BP allows singular bare nouns with generic interpretation. Moreover, full DPs are ambiguous between a kind and an object interpretation. Experimental evidence is provided demonstrating that both bareness and plurality coparticipate in the establishment of the generic/non-generic distinction, and that the specificity of bare nouns in BP regarding to generic interpretation is already perceived by the age of 5. The role of the availability of functional projections in relation to nominals is also discussed.

Investiga-se o papel da ordem estrutural como desencadeadora do processo de identificação de nomes e adjetivos por crianças brasileiras. A posição não rígida do adjetivo no DP (anteposto ou posposto ao nome) e a ausência de marcas fônicas claras distinguindo esses elementos, no português, poderia prever uma dificuldade de identificação dos elementos das categorias N e ADJ. No entanto, não há registros de tal problema. Pressupõe-se que informação de natureza estrutural (i.e., ordem dos itens na estrutura sintática do PB) é usada pela criança, de forma a desencadear o processo de identificação de nomes e adjetivos. Tal informação seria captada pela criança, inicialmente, a partir de propriedades prosódicas e fonológicas do DP complexo (Det + N/Adj + Adj/N). A análise prosódica do DP na fala dirigida à criança e os resultados de experimentos com crianças de diferentes faixas etárias apontam para a importância da informação estrutural no início do processo de aquisição lexical, e do uso de pistas semânticas em etapa posterior. Palavras-chave: bootstrapping sintático; aquisição lexical; nomes, adjetivos.

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The unbalance between infants’ production and perception/ comprehension data is discussed. The demands production and comprehension processes pose are to be considered. The notion of feature, assumed in the generative framework (CHOMSKY, 1995; 1998; 1999), collaborates to an association between a model of language and processing models and for the understanding of language acquisition from the point of view of processing (CORRÊA, 2002; 2006). Thus, it is argued that two different abilities are to be distinguished in acquisition: the identification of functional items and the complete association of phonological, syntactic and semantic features to these elements. Key words: acquisition; production; comprehension; features; DP.

This paper argues for dynamic distributed representations of phonological units and categories on the basis of analyses of the following sets of Brazilian Portuguese data: phonotactic biases in the adult lexicon, phonotactic biases in a child acquiring the liquid class, and covert phonological distinctions in a group of children diagnosed as phonologically impaired. Together, the three data sets support the emergence of abstract phonological categories from lexical phone frequencies as a result of the interaction between articulatory dynamics and phonotactics. The fact that most phonological information is neither punctual nor local has important implications for language acquisition, a number of which are discussed throughout the paper. Palavras-chave: léxico, dinâmica, fonologia, aquisição, fonotaxe.

The acquisition of falling oral diphthongs in Brazilian Portuguese was discussed in Bonilha (2000) on the basis of data on 86 cross-sectional subjects in light of standard Optimality Theory (OT) – generativist/connectionist. The results show that the acquisition of diphthongs formed by low vowels precedes that of diphthongs formed by mid-high and high vowels. Benayon (2006), using multi-representational models, challenges this analysis by taking issue with the OT approach. The argument is based on the fact that type and token frequencies play a role in the phonological development process. The present paper, based on the longitudinal data on a subject aged 1:0 and 4:0, proposes a reanalysis of the acquisition of the falling oral diphthongs in Brazilian Portuguese on the basis of connectionist Optimality Theory. It aims at demonstrating the suitability of this theoretical model for a data analysis that takes the role of type and token frequency into account. Palavras-chave: aquisição; Teoria da Otimidade Conexionista; ditongos orais decrescentes.

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