Repositório RCAAP

As presas utilizadas por Polybia (Trichothorax) sericea compreendem 6 ordens de insetos (Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Collembola, Hemiptera e Odonata) e 1 ordem de Arachnida (Araneae), com preferência por larvas de Lepidoptera. A média de proteína transportada é de 15,3 mg e o peso diário estimado é de 522,6 mg, o que indica mais de 12000 presas por ano.

Brasixenos Kogan & Oliveira, 1966 (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) é revisto; sete espécies são redescritas e é descrita como nova B. myrapetrus (localidade-tipo: Brasil, São Paulo, em Polybia (Myrapetra) paulista - Vespidae).

Association Crepidula aculeata - Amphiroa beauvoisii. Population study of Crepidula aculeata Gmelin, 1791) (Gastropoda Calyptraeidae) and analysis of protocooperative association between the mollusc and the alga were carried out in the phytal of calcareous alga Amphiroa beauvoisii Lamouroux, 1816 at Ilha das Palmas, Santos Bay (24º00'S - 46º19'W). Samples were collected at three sites of different degree of water movement in the intertidal zone and sublittoral fringe during 1975 and 1976. From 93,916 organisms belonging to 172 species, 5,331 were Crepidula, the most abundant among sessile species. Also, Crepidula constitutes a substratum to attachment of Amphiroa, accounting for 30% of total phytal area. There was a positive correlation between the growth of shell and epizoic alga. Higher level of the phytal belt was more suitable for attachment and/or growth of the epizoic alga, without influence from water movement or season of the year. This association depends on the external morphology of the shell, filter-feeding habit, high adhesive power and lacking of mechanisms avoiding attachment of epizoics of Crepidula. Exuberant growth of the epizoic tuft over Crepidula female shell would constitute camouflage and protection of offsprings against predators.

São feitos estudos sobre a morfologia da concha, pênis, rádula, opérculo e cápsula de desova de Thais mariae Morretes, em comparação com T. haemastoma (Linnaeus).

Ninety-four morphological characters belonging to particular ontogenetic sequences within the Eucarida were used to produce a hierarchy of 128 evolutionary novelties (73 synapomorphies and 55 homoplasies) and to delimit 15 monophyletic taxa. The following combined Recent-fossil sequenced phylogenetic classification is proposed: Superorder Eucarida; Order Euphausiacea; Family Bentheuphausiidae; Family Euphausiidae; Order Amphionidacea; Order Decapoda; Suborder Penaeidea; Suborder Pleocyemata; Infraorder Stenopodidea; Infraorder Reptantia; Infraorder Procarididea, Infraorder Caridea. The position of the Amphionidacea as the sister-group of the Decapoda is corroborated, while the Reptantia are proposed to be the sister-group of the Procarididea + Caridea for the first time. The fossil groups Uncina Quenstedt, 1850, and Palaeopalaemon Whitfield, 1880, are included as incertae sedis taxa within the Reptantia, which establishes the minimum ages of all the higher taxa of Eucarida except the Procarididea and Caridea in the Upper Devonian. The fossil group "Pygocephalomorpha" Beurlen, 1930, of uncertain status as a monophyletic taxon, is provisionally considered to belong to the "stem-group" of the Reptantia. Among the more important characters hypothesized to have evolved in the stem-lineage of each eucaridan monophyletic taxon are: (1) in Eucarida, attachement of post-zoeal carapace to all thoracic somites; (2) in Euphausiacea, reduction of endopod of eighth thoracopod; (3) in Bentheuphausiidae, compound eyes vestigial, associated with abyssal life; (4) in Euphausiidae, loss of endopod of eighth thoracopod and development of specialized luminescent organs; (5) in Amphionidacea + Decapoda, ambulatory ability of thoracic exopods reduced, scaphognathite, one pair of maxillipedes, pleurobranch gill series and carapace covering gills, associated with loss of pelagic life; (6) in Amphionidacea, unique thoracic brood pouch in females formed by inflated carapace and specialized first pieopod, eclosion in zoea phase, body dorsoventrally depressed, thoracopods reduced and antennular statocyst lost, associated with planktonic life; (7) in Decapoda, double series of arthrobranchiae, laminar rostrum, acute stylocerite, two additional pairs of maxillipedes, three pairs of chelipedes and two pairs of walking legs, associated with nekto-benthonic life; (8) in Penaeidea, dendrobranchiae and post-larval mandibular palp expanded; (9) in Pleocyemata, pleopodal incubation of eggs and eclosion in zoea phase; (10) in Stenopodidea, pereiopodal exopods lost in adults and massive third chelipedes, associated with benthonic life; (11) in Reptantia + Procarididea + Caridea, pleura of second abdominal somite overlapping first and specialized setal brushes on propodus of fourth and fifth pereiopods; (12) in Reptantia, hypertrophied first chelipede, associated with benthonic life; (13) in Procarididea + Caridea, chela lost from third pereiopod and epipod-setobranch complexes for gill cleaning; (14) in Procarididea, chelae lost from first and second pereiopods; and (15) in Caridea, ocellus on ocular peduncle.

Basead on extensive collections of cnidarians from Brazilian shallow-water marine environments, new occurrences of four species of associated barnacles are cited, the first three being redescribed; Tne archaeobalanid Conopea galeata, asssociated with the gorgonians Muriceopsis sulphurea, Lophogorgia punicea and Heterogorgia sp from the States of Paraíba, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo; the balanid Megabalanus stultus, associated with the hydrozoans Millepora spp from Paraíba to Alagoas and from the south of Bahia to Rio de Janeiro; the pyrgomatids Megatrema madreporarum, associated with the scleractinian corals Agaricia spp from Paraíba to Alagoas and the south of Bahia, and Ceratoconcha floridanum, associated with the seleractinian coral Mussismilia hispida from Atol das Rodas and Rio de Janeiro.

Foram estudados os estágios de desenvolvimento de Lucifer faxoni Borradaille ao largo de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil (24º16"S, 46º00W). A maturidade foi estabelecida em relação ao tamanho do somito pré-bucal As estações de maior abundãncia dos espécimes maduros, imaturos e larvais foram determinadas.

Apresenta-se uma chave para as 7 espécies de Upogebia (Crustacea, Decapoda, Thalassinidea) encontradas em Pernambuco, Brasil, com redescrições de 5 espécies e uma lista das localidades.

Foram observados dois tipos de reprodução nos Ixodorrhynchi-dae: ovlparo, em Ophiogongylus Lizaso, 1983, e ovovivíparo, em Ixobioi-des Fonseca, 1934 e Chironobius Lizaso, 1983. São fornecidas descrições dos estágios imaturos e dados biológicos.

Tityus neglectus Mello-Leitão, 1932, originalmente descrito de uma fêmea coletada no Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil) é redescrito. O tipo, no Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro) está perdido; um macho da coleção de escorpiões do Instituto Butantan (São Paulo) é proposto como neótipo. Fornece-se uma sinopse das demais espécies conhecidas de Tityus do Nordeste do Brasil, e uma chave para a identificação das espécies.

Descreve-se Pimelodus paranaensis, sp. n., da bacia do Alto Paraná, Brasil, com base em 20 exemplares. A nova espécie pode ser assim diagnosticada: (i) dentes presentes e formando duas áreas isoladas no vômer; (ii) faixa pré-maxilar de dentes com um ângulo projetado para trás; (iii) teto do crânio coberto por pele fina; (iv) comprimento da nadadeira adiposa 3,9 a 4,3 vezes no comprimento padrão; (v) a maior altura da nadadeira adiposa 3,1 a 4.3 vezes no seu comprimento; (vi) região dorsal do corpo de cor castanha com pequenas manchas arredondadas, castanho-escuras. Apesar de possuir dentes vomerianos como em Pimelodus albicans, e como em certos exemplares de P. clarias (sensu Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890), achamos que as verdadeiras relações desta nova espécie e sua situação genérica só poderão ser estabelecidas após uma nova boa revisão do grupo.

Das 67 espécies de anfíbios conhecidas do Rio Grande do Sul, 18 foram coletadas na Estação Ecológica do Taim, no sudeste deste Estado. Os Leptodactylidae são os mais diversificados na área, e os Hylidae os mais numerosos em indivíduos.

In the presente study on the mating of Nothura maculosa (Temminck, 1815) the tertiary and quaternary sex ratios were joined together The sex ratio was 1:1 or when deviated, favouring females When such deviations occur, they are probably due to quaternary sex ratio The inversion of sexual rôles could be responsible for the larger number of females, since males are more exposed to mortality risks The mating system in the Tinamidae is simultaneous poliginy for the male and sequential poliandry for the female, Emlen & Oring, 1977 Such complexity in the mating system results in a greater share among all individuals in the reproduction effort in relation to poliginy The sexual inativity of males for at least around 24 days after the begining of incubation, allows new males to participate in the reproductive effort The assumption that some of the females wuld be excluded from the reproductive effort when sex ratio is deviated in their favour, probably can not be held as true Bump & Bump, 1969, reported that 95% of the eggs examined (114 eggs), were fertile There are reasons to believe that neariy all females will successfully copulate under these circunstances

São estudadas as aves mortas por atropelamento em trecho da Rodovia BR-471, entre Quinta e Taim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com discussões taxonômicas e dados sobre conteœdo estomacal e taxas de mortalidade. Propõe-se uma política conservacionista para reduzir a mortandade de aves nas rodovias brasileiras.

São apresentados dados sobre o ciclo de vida e a morfologia dos estágios imaturos de Sabulodes caberata caberata Guenée, 1857 e Sabulodes exhonorata Guenée, 1857, ambas coletadas em São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil. As larvas se alimentam de Eucalyptus sp. Os estágios imaturos são semelhantes em geral, nas duas espécies, mas existem vários caracteres distintivos.

São redescritas as espécies brasileiras Halictophagus lappidae Oliveira & Kogan, 1960 e H. lopesi Oliveira & Kogan, 1959 (Strepsiptera, Halictophagidae); descreve-se H. ararensis, sp. n. (localidade-tipo: Brasil, São Paulo, Araras) e assinala-se uma nova ocorrência para H. insularum (Pierce, 1908).

Foram estudados os ovários e as glândulas mandibulares de Apis mellifera mantidas em condições artificiais e foi observado que em pequenos grupos (menos de 20 abelhas) os órgãos analisados não se desenvolveram.

The present study deals with the syncranial osteology of Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885, a typical iguanid of the coastal region of Southern Brazil and Uruguay. Four specimens, collected in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were prepared by dissection, from which an osteological description is presented.

Three ariid fish, Netuma barba, Netuma planifrons and Genidens genidens, use the estuary of the Patos Lagoon (32ºS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as a nursery and feeding ground in various stages of their life history. A comparative study was made of the temporal and spatial distribution and relative abundance. Seasonal movements were interpreted on the basis of distribution and abundance of the young of these coexisting sea catfishe. Monthly otter trawl samples were made between November, 1979 and April, 1983. Temperature, salinities and dissolved oxygen contents were taken at each of the 674 sample stations. All three species were caught in ample temperature (12,1 to 26,3ºC), salinity (0,3 to 35,5‰) and dissolved oxygen (4,7 to 11,5 mg/l) ranges. However, they were more abundant in stations of low temperature and in salinity with highly dissolved oxygen content. N. barba was the most abundant catfish caught in the estuary, it constituted 81,9% in number and 81,4% in weight of ali ariid trawl catches during the study. N. barba occurred throughout the estuary, from the adjacent coastal region to the upper reaches of the Patos Lagoon estuary near the liminetic zone. N. planifrons occurred from adjacent coastal regions to low saline parts of the Patos Lagoon estuary, whereas G. genidens were distributed mainly in low saline and freshwater parts of the lagoon. Young-of-the-year N. barba aggregated near of the entrance of the lagoon in fall and winter, then moved up to intermediary parts of the estuary in spring, and they went to the upper part of the estuary in summer. Yearlings N. barba moved into the estuary in common with young-of-the-year but did not reach the coastal adjacent area. Young-of-the-year and yearling N. planifrons moved in to the estuary as the same pattern as N. barba but they became scarce during the late summer and early fall. G. genidens were scarcely captured in the estuary throughout the year. The spatial and temporal segregations among Netuma and Genidens were evident. A hypothetical model for the life history of N. barba is suggested.

The intermaxillary gland of Bufo paracnemis Lutz, 1925 is located at the pre-nasal area being divided anteriorly by the ascendent processes of the intermaxillary bone. The secretory tubules converge to form very ramified ducts which drain into a common opening in a fosseta underlying the vomer bone. The cells of the intermaxillary gland were be classified in four distinct types: Light-granule secretory; Dark-granule secretory; ciliated and basal cells. The light-granule secretory cells, are the main type of the secretory tubules, which are also found, in smaller numbers, in the excretory ducts. The dark-granule secretory cells appear in a low number, both in the secretory tubules and in the excretory ducts. Degranulated cells are frequently found in the excretory ducts and represent the degranulated phase of dark-granule secretory cells. The ciliated cells occur only in the excretory ducts. The basal cells occur in small number in the excretory ducts and secretory tubules. In the excretory ducts these cells are regarded as being mioepithelial cells. Although usually described in the literature as mucous, the secretory cells of the intermaxillary gland have serous characteristics. The intermaxillary gland is the first salivary gland to appear in the vertebrate evolution. Its duct system is uniformly lined by ciliated cells and scattered secretory cells. This indicates that in the evolution, of salivary glands, there was a diversification of the duct system, together with progressxve concentration of secretory cells in special áreas of this system.