Repositório RCAAP

A survey of nematode species parasitizing Brazilian birds is presented, with enough data to provide their specific identification. The first section refers to the survey of the species, related to 17 superfamilies, 23 families, 75 genera and 257 species that are illustrated and measurement tables are given. The second section is concerned to the catalogue of host birds which includes 54 families. 361 species. and their respective parasite nematodes. The identification of these helminths is achieved by means of keys to the superfamilies. families and genera. Specific determination is induced through the figures and tables as above mentioned.

Twelve species of Pinnotheridae from Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States, Brazil, are redeseribed and illustrated; a key of identification is presented. Clypeasterophilus stebbingi Rathbun, 1918; Pinnotheres garthi Fenucci, 1975 and Pinnixa brevipollex Rathbun, 1898 are reported for the first time for Brazil. Clypeaslerophilus stebbingi Rathbun, 1918 and Tumidotheres maculatus Say, 1818, are new record for Santa Catarina. Fabia insularis Melo, I971 and Pinnotheres emiliai Melo, 1971 are revalitaded; Fabia sebastianensis Rodrigues da Costa, 1969; Pinnotheres garthi Fenucci, 1975; Pinnotheres emiliai Melo, 1971 and Pinnixa patagoniensis Rathbun, 1918 are new records for Rio Grande do Sul. Pinnixa brevipollex Rathbun, 1898 is a new record for Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.

Sperm of 180 three year old males of curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa (Steindachner, 1881), was collected to verify the possibility of utilization of these males more than one time, and to know how long after the hormonal induction would occur the highest production of milt. This experiment was carried out in 1991 and 1992. After sperm was collected, each male was stimulated by the first injection of five IU/g of hCG. Then, milt was collected at 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours before and after the first dose and at 16 hours before and after the second one. Mean volume values were, before hormonal injection, 0.22ml and after two doses of hCG, 106ml. Maximal production occurred between 16 and 24 hours after induction. Mean values of sperm concentration and total number of sperm were, before hormonal induction, 31.16xl0(6)/mm³ and 6.79x10(9) and after two doses, 21.46x10(6)/mm³ and 22.15x10(9), respectively. There were no statistical differences between males receiving two or one doses of hCG concerning fertilization. Results indicated that males of Prochilodus scrofa may be induced a second time 14 days apart, what increases their reproduetive efficiency.

Qualitative and quantitative aspects of the distribution of Pantopoda species living on Sargassum of Ubatuba and Itanhaém (northern and southern coast at São Paulo State, respectively) were studied. The results showed the occunence of nine Pantopoda species. The highest relative frequency was assigned to Tanystylum isahellae Marcus, 1940. In general the density of Pantopoda species was related to that of Hydrozoa covering Sargassum.

A descriptive account is given of the post-embrionic development of Amphilochus neapolitanus Della Valle, 1893 and Ampilhoe ramondi Audouin, 1826 living on Sargassum cymosum C. Agardh, 1820 of Ubatuba, Brazil (23º30'S-45º06'W) through the growth stage based on the morphological changes at each moult. The growth stages are described on the increase of antennal and pleopodal articles number and morphological alterations of gnathopods. The number of stages was found to be different for males and females and the maturity occurs after 6 and 5 post marsupial stages for A. neapolitanus and A. ramondi respectively.

A preliminary survey of bats species from the Serra da Tiririca State Park is presented. Two hundred and seventy two bats of 20 species were collected. Comments about reproduction and feeding habits of the captured species are included.

The natural formation of gas vacuoles as a method of locomotion is described for Difflugia mitriformis Wallich, 1984. These vacuoles may contain different compositions of gases, basicly carbodioxyde or oxigen, with a membranous limitation similar or identical to other types of vacuoles. Those vacuoles are utilised by the organism as a mode of dislocation frorn the bottom to the water surface by flotation permiting better conditions for the survival of the individual, with the consequence of the perpetuance of the taxon.

Adults and immature forms of G. gibberus Boisduval, 1835 and G. scutellatus Gyllenhal, 1833 are redescribed briefly. A morphologic study of male and female genitalia with illustrations and keys for the identification of these species are included. The records on the female genitalia are presented for the first time.

A brief bibliography of Gayomyia Banks, 19i3 (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) and of Gayomyia Malloch, 1933 is presented.

The following genera are treated: Ennya Stål, Gelastogonia Kirkaldy, gen.rev. and Notogonia, gen. n.; six new species are described and some nomenclatural changes introduced, as follow: 1) Ennya Stål, 1866 = Mille Stål, 1867, syn.n.; E. conica (Fairmaire, 1846) = Oxygonia accuminata Buckton, 1903, syn.n., (Lectotype of E. conica here designated); E. dorsalis (Fairmaire, 1846) (Lectotype here designated); E. ecuadorensis (Fowler, 1894) sp.rev.; E. fasciata (Fallou, 1890) sp.rev.; E. maculicornis (Fairmaire, 1846), comb.n., (Lectotype here designated); E. rufomaculala Fallou, 1890, comb.n. = E. chlorisans Breddin, 1902 = E. nebulosa Breddin, 1902 = Gelastogonia funkhouseri Goding, 1928, syn.n.; E sobria (Walker, 1851), sp.rev., = Thelia perfecta Walker, 1858, syn.n. = Hile sulphured Butler, 1877, syn.n. = Hile limbispina Breddin, 1901, syn.n.; E. bordoni, sp.n. (from Peru); E. colombiana, sp.n. (from Colombia); E. andina, sp.n. (from Peru). 2) Gelastogonia Kirkaldy, 1904, gen.rev. = Ecuatoriana Goding, 1920. syn.n.; G. bicristata (Stål, 1869), comb.n. = Ecuatoriana bactriana Goding, 1920, syn.n.; G. pulchella (Funkhouser, 1914), comb.n.; G. rufipes (Fairmaire, 1846), comb.n.; G. parva, sp.n. (from Argentina). 3) Notogonia, gen.n. (Type species: Hemiptycha erythropus Burmeister, 1835); N. costigera (Butler, 1878), sp.rev., comb.n. = Gelastogonia hirsuta Haviland, 1925, syn.n.; N. erythropus (Burmeister, 1835), comb.n. = Oxygonia altifrons Walker, 1851, syn.n.; N. rufiventris (Germar, 1821), comb.n. = Membracis signala Germar, 1821, syn.n., = Aconophora interna Walker, 1851, syn.n. = Thelia notala Walker, 1858, syn.n. = Oxygonia patruelis Stål, 1862, syn.n.; N. sinopae, sp.n. (from Brazil); N. conicornua, sp.n. (from Brazil).

Tegonotus tricarinatus n.sp., Floracarus claviger n.sp., Cosella callipodex n.sp. and Aculus verrucosus n.sp., Acarina, Eriophyoidea, from Brazil are described and figured.

Mielkeanthidium, gen.n. with long preepisternal carina on the mesepistemum is proposed for two species from Southern Brazil: Mielkeanthidium nigripes, sp.n. and Mielkeanthidium rubripes, sp.n. The females are characterized by the absence of the arolia and of the subbasal tooth of the mandibles, the males by the two large carinated lobes on the apical teigum.

Abracris dilecta Walker, 1870 (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Ommatolampinae) ate leafs of at least 14 plant species, in the families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Malvales (Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae or Malvaceae), Poaceae, Fabaceae, Verbenaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Rubiaceae and Melastomataccae. Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. (Asteraceae) and Hyptis suaveolens Poit. (Lamiaceae) comprised 50% of the diet. The diet breadth of A. dilecta was compared to that of other 11 grasshopper species of the same sub-family, with rarefaction curves. The number of plant species eaten by A. dilecta was greater than that of nine other grasshopper species of the same sub-family (Rhachicreagra spp.) but was lower then two others (Microptylopteryx hebardi Rehn, 1905 and Rhachicreagra astytophallus Jago & Rowell, 1981). This results are discussed in view of the broad geographical range and possession of developed wings by A. dilecta, which contrasts with most Ommatolampinae grasshoppers.

The occurrence and distribution records of the association between Ophionereis reticulata (Say) and Malmgreniella variegata (Treadwell) in Northeastem Brazil, and the redescription of M. variegata, are included.

The feeding behavior and constriction pattern of adults and juveniles Oxyrhopus guibei Hoge & Romano, 1978 preying on rodents and lizards are described. An analysis of stomach contents of snakes preserved in collections was made to study its diet. The results indicate that this snake constricts prey with right to left side movements, horizontal position and with the dorsal portion of its body. Rodents were constricted by adult snakes whereas lizard were swallowed alive. The diet is composed of lizards and rodents, with an ontogenetic shift from lizards to rodents.

Some biological, morphological and behavioral aspects of adults Podisus sculptus Distant, 1889 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) fed with Bombyx mori Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae) (fourth and fifth instar caterpillars) and Tenebrio molilor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) (third and fourth instar caterpillars) were studied and no differences were found between these two preys. Average values for the parameters studied were: period of pre-oviposition (6.14 days), oviposition (8.57 days) and pos-oviposition (3.57 days); number of eggs/female (97.71); number of postures/female (3.96); female weight (68.90mg) and male weight (47.43mg). Podisus sculptus has brownish color, and four yellow spots in the scutelum: one close to the head and three across the elitra near the pronotum. Matings were more frequent between 15 and 19 hours and the male search for the female which showed movements of antennae. This insect showed cannibalism only in high population density and shortage of food.

Nymphs of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) were fed with Zophobas confusa Gebien, 1906, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) and Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) under 25±0.5ºC, 60±10% of RH and photophase of 12h. Nymphal viability of P. nigrispinus were 64.0%, 80.0% and 92.0% with Z. confusa, M. domestica and T. molitor, respectively. No differences were found for pre-oviposition period, number of egg masses, number of eggs, egg viability, and longevity for females of this predator fed with any of these preys.

The specimens of Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) used in this study were collected in the locality of Barra da Lagoa beach, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the period of April/1991 to March/1992. In this area temperature and salinity values were observed. A total of 341 samples, that 184 were male and 157 were female were collectted. The maturacion sexual stadium were measured (cm) and weightied (g). Expression of relation among weight of body (wt) and width of carapace (wid) was Wt=0,0567 Wid3,0494 on males and wt=0,074 Wid2,8795 on females. The relation length (Lt) width (wid) of carapace was Lt=0,4322. wid on males and Lt=0,4578. wid on females.

The family Ancylidae is represented in South America by the genera: Gundlachia Pfeiffer, 1849, Ferrissia Walker, 1903, Burnupia Walker, 1912 and Laevapex Walker, 1903. The species are caracterized using the combination of shell features and radula by scanning electron microscope, shell muscle and mantle pigmentation. The conchometry is also presented, but it does not help to species identification. The distribution of G. crequi (Bavay, 1904), G. foncki (Philippi, 1866), G. philippiana (Biese, 1948), G. obliqua (Broderip & Sowerby, 1832), G. moricandi (Orbigny, 1837), G. concentrica (Orbigny, 1835), G. radiata (Guilding, 1828), G bakeri Pilsbry, 1913, G ticaga (Marcus & Marcus, 1962), F. gentilis Lanzer, 1991, B. ingae Lanzer, 1991, L. vazi Santos, 1989 and Laevapex sp. in the Neotropical region is based on the bibliography, examination of the material deposited in scientific institutions and in the author's collection.

Eotetranychus tremae De Leon, 1957 is reported for the second time from Brazil; additional descriptive characters and figures are given.