Repositório RCAAP

The aim of this study was to compare two ovariectomy techniques (conventional vs laparoscopic) in bitches planning determine which procedure offers the lowest hemodynamic changes, painful stimuli, stress and inflammatory changes in trans and post-operative period. For the experiment were used 17 young mongrel bitches (12,58 ± 4,29 months), weighting 10.16 ± 0,69kg. Animals were placed into two groups according to the technique applied. In the first group (eight animals), ovariectomy (OV) was done by retro-umbilical celiotomy (GC) and in the second group (nine animals), by laparoscopy two-portal access (GV). For the assessment of analgesia were measured hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic arterial pressure, medium arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, central venous pressure and cardiac output), and used three pain scales as follows: visual analogue (VAS), the University of Melbourne and the scale consists of Glasgow. To evaluate the stress and inflammatory changes were evaluated different parameters (C-reactive protein, cortisol, protein electrophoresis and acetylcholinesterase determination). In both procedures (GV and GC) there were no trans or post-operative complications. This study found that two-portal laparoscopic ovariectomy provides smaller and shorter pain stimuli that conventional ovariectomy when considering the following times and pain scales (two hours after surgery in Melbourne and the scale of 12 and 24 hours postoperative VAS), as well as in assessing the methods used to analyze the inflammatory response and stress, laparoscopic technique provided a lower elevation and a more rapid decline in the levels of C-reactive protein, mainly from six up to 72 hours after surgery, that the conventional technique.

Lamb production systems can be adjusted base on the particular characteristics of each farm and available forages. This study aimed to compare plasma calcium concentrations in post parturient ewes in different production systems. Blood samples were collected 24 hours postpartum to determine calcium concentrations. Additionally, the length of the second and third stages of labor were assessed. Plasma calcium concentrations differed between productions systems with ewe managed under the semi-intensive system (sINT) having mean calcium concentrations of 9.43 ± 0.16 mg/dl compared to 7.64 ± 0.16 mg/dl (P < 0.05) for those managed under the extensive (EXT). Maternal diet during pregnancy affected lamb weight with lambs from the sINT group, weighing 5.58 ± 0.18 kg compared to 3.97 ± 0.26 kg in the EXT group. Fetal weight appeared to influenced the length of the second stage of labor, which differed between the systems (P <0.05). The mean length of the second stage of labor was 69.30 ± 4.19 minutes and 41.07 ± 7.08 minutes in the sINT and EXT groups respectively. The length of third stage of labor, which begins immediately after lambing and continues until the release of fetal membranes, showed no difference between the two production systems. Furthermore, no differences in maternal age and body condition were observed. These results indicate subclinical hypocalcemia was presented in ewes managed under the EXT system and that the length of the second stage of labor appeared be influenced by fetal weight rather than plasma calcium concentration. Its concluded that as a hypocalcemia consequence the ewe may decrease milk production, what will reflect in lighter lamb at weaning and consequently a lighter carcass at slaughter, leading to substantial losses in productivity.

The detailed visualization of the small bowel at the radiographic series is restricted by factors as loops overlap and content absence that doesn't allow the contrast with the other structures, disabling many times, an accurate radiographic diagnosis. Despite the usefulness of the conventional contrast series in several diagnoses, significant alterations are needed to instigate modification in the positive contrast medium coat to make it evident. The objective of this study was to adjust an exam technique with intestinal double-contrast, based on techniques used in the human medicine, which resulted satisfactorily in the demonstration of the mucosal surface in the 30 dogs submitted to the exam. The double-contrast in the lumen was achieved by a combination of a positive contrast medium, recovering the mucosal surface, and a negative filling the lumen. Ambiental air and carboximethylcelullose were the negative contrast medium tested and both were radiographicly similar

With the sharp increase on the demand for lamb meat, Brazilian sheep industry has experienced an unprecedented growth on the national flock. Among the limiting factors in sheep production anemia due to worm infection is a major cause of losses. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the oxidative status and the red blood cell profile in lambs with bleeding induced anemia, supplemented or not with dextran iron. Ten 5 to 7 month-old ram lambs were used. Day zero was defined when each experimental animal attained 15% packed cell volume after successive bleedings. Animals were then allocated into 2 experimental groups: Treated group which received a single injection of dextran iron (25 mg/kg i.m.) and Control animals that received no treatment. Blood samples were collected on days zero, 7, 14 and 21. At days 7 and 21 there was an increase in the tiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in treated animals. The same group presented reduced levels of non-protein Thiol groups (NPTH) at days 7, 14 and 21. At day 7 osmotic fragility of red blood cells was increased in control animals as compared to the treated group. Red blood cell profile recovered faster in treated than control animals. In conclusion, iron supplementation eventhough inducing oxidative stress accelerated the recovery of hematological profile. The results can suggest the use of iron injections in conjunction with wormers in the treatment of haemonchus infections

Pythiosis is a granulomatous disease of humans and animals caused by an aquatic oomycete named Pythium insidiosum. In Brazil, equine species is the most affected and the highest occurrence of pythiosis is observed in Brazilian Pantanal. Nowadays, in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), in South of Brazil, there has seen an increase in the number of equine pythiosis. Nevertheless, there is no information about seroprevalence in Brazil. Early diagnosis is the key to success in controlling this infection. Currently, immunotherapy with proteic antigens has been studied as a promising alternative of treatment. The intradermal (ID) route to apply proteic antigen is an option to be evaluated, for both early diagnosis and pythiosis treatment, by using proteic antigens of P. insidioum. In this study it was investigated the seroprevalence of equine pythiosis in the RS State and also it was evaluated and compared the use of proteic antigens of P. insidiosum by the ID route in the diagnosis and control of pythiosis in an experimental model (Oryctolagus cuniculus). To determine the prevalence of equine pythiosis in RS it was used 1002 equine serum samples evaluated by indirect ELISA test. Of the total samples tested, 11.1% (111/1002) were seropositive for equine pythiosis. For the diagnosis it was applied 0.1mL (1.7mg) of proteic antigen by ID route in rabbits (O.cuniculus) (n = 15) divided into three groups: negative control (n = 5), with experimental pythiosis (n = 5) and animals previously immunized with the proteic antigen (n = 5). In order to verify and compare the use of proteic antigen of P. insidiosum by ID as an option of treatment it was used ten rabbits with pythiosis. Five rabbits with pythiosis were treated with 0.1mL proteic antigen applied through ID and other five rabbits by subcutaneous (SC) route with 2mL (34mg) (n = 5). The ID test was able to detect cutaneous reactions in 24h and 72h in all animals exposed to P. insidiosum, as well as it demonstrated sensitivity and specificity comparable with the pattern of diagnosis of pythiosis (indirect ELISA). The treatment proteic antigen of P. insidiosum, by ID and SC route, did not observed difference (P> 0.05) in the size of the lesions. However, the clinical cure affect as 40% of rabbits in both groups. Thus, protein antigen of P. insidiosum by ID may be used in therapeutic protocols of pythiosis in rabbits, also this route as a protocol of pythiosis has other advantages such as lower protein concentration and volume of antigen to control pythiosis. However, research is needed for evaluation of ID route for diagnosis and control of pythiosis in naturally affected species.

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This study presents an experimental model of an acute defect in a peripheral nerve to evaluate neural regeneration using a tubulization technique associated with the inoculation of autologous stem cells from bone marrow. A total of 12 New Zealand white rabbits underwent a bilateral dissection of the tibial nerve followed by repair with silicone tubulization. On the left tibial nerve of all animals, the tube was filled with autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells collected from the humerus. For control, using the same repair technique, tubes were filled with a NaCl solution in the right tibial nerve. After 30 days of observation, the animals were euthanized and a histological evaluation of the collected nerve segments was performed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin, luxol fast blue, and toluidine blue. From the results it is possible to conclude that the transplanted autologous stem cells associated with the tubulization technique present an advantage in the peripheral nerve regeneration process

Gross, microscopic, and bacteriologic evaluation of broiler livers condemned by the Federal Inspection Service of Animal Products was performed. One hundred broiler livers were sampled at slaughter. Ninety of them had gross changes and 10 of them were grossly normal. The sampling was done in two slaughter houses located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. One of these two places slaughters 120,000 broilers/day, and the other one slaughters over 300,000 broilers/day. For the gross evaluation, the considered parameters were shape, color, size, texture, odor, and the presence of other visible lesions. The color of the liver was considered as the main gross change. Livers with gross changes in color, shape, size and/or texture were 47/90; brown-pale livers with other associated macroscopic lesions were 19/90; yellow or yellowish livers with other associated gross changes were 5/90; and green or greenish livers with other associated lesions were 19/90. The microscopic (morphologic) diagnoses consisted of multifocal heterophilic colangio-hepatitis, degeneration and/or centrilobular to bridging hepatic cellular necrosis, random necrotizing hepatitis, multifocal heterophylic pericolangitis and other unspecific changes. The bacteriological evaluation was leaded to the search of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. It was utilized direct culture of the liver samples in selective culture midias. E. coli was isolated in 26/100 samples and Staphylococcus sp. in 24/100 samples, regardless the morphologic diagnosis. For the Salmonella sp. search it was used the conventional method indicated by the Department of Agriculture, however, there was no isolation of any bacteria of the Salmonella genus. The main gross and microscopic lesions were compatible with bacterial infections. It is concluded that the criteria for visceral condemnation used by the sanitary inspection was appropriated and efficient in the detection and elimination of the livers with potential infectious hazard.

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With the prowinj partipation of crioulo horses in sport events there has been an increase in the use of compounds with ergogenic properties, such as those called hematinics. The most common hematinics are contain iron, zinc, copper and vitamins of the B complex, all necessary components for the synthesis of red blood cells and hemoglobin.The goal of this study was to assess the effects of the use of hematinics on selected blood parameters in 24 yearling crioulo horses. The horses were randomly divided in two groups (control and treated group). The baseline values of red blood cell number, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, leukocytes, plasma protein and fibrinogen, were determined using three samples of blood from each horse. Then the horses of the treated group received 30ml/ day of an oral hematinic compound for 60 days. The control group received the same volume of water as placebo. New blood samples were taken 15, 30, 45 and 60 days during treatment for determination of the same blood parameters. There were no significant differences between treated and control group. The hematinic did not induced any hematologic effect under the treatment conditions in this study.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior