Repositório RCAAP

The present research was developed in the Post-Graduate Program in Mathematics Education and Physics Teaching at the Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM and has as theme training of teachers who teach mathematics. In this sense, the guiding question is: in what way does the teacher training process take place in the early years of the distance learning pedagogy course? The general objective of the research is to investigate aspects related to the training process of the future teacher who will teach Mathematics in the Distance Learning Pedagogy Course at UFSM. Therefore, the theoretical framework is divided into two chapters, which initially address the history of distance learning, the legislation that guarantees this type of education. the structure of the Distance Learning Pedagogy Course at UFSM, as well as the syllabus of Mathematics Education I and II subjects. The other chapter that brings theoretical basis refers to the initial training of teachers who will teach Mathematics in the early years. For this, we used different authors and their perceptions on the subject. To achieve our objective, we present the research scenario, defining our subjects who are academic students from Cerro Largo’s pole and who have already taken Mathematics Education I and II subjects, in addition to the tutors of these curricular components. As methodological actions, a questionnaire was developed with the students via Google Forms and another with Mathematics Education’s tutors. As main results, it was identified the little approximation of academic students with Mathematics, especially when they were Basic Education academic students. However, after studying the subjects mentioned above, future pedagogues feel prepared to teach Mathematics.

This thesis, linked to the research line "Educação Especial, Inclusão e Diferença”, of the Doutorado em Educação in the Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação from Universidade Federal de Santa Maria -RS, aims at knowing the potential value of digital Assistive Technology for students with disabilities to graduate. To do so, specifically, to investigate the use and usability of digital assistive technology in the pedagogical context of higher education; to check which Digital AT resources contribute with the participation of students in graduate studies; to identify, together with students with disabilities, which are the wishes and possibilities that may be contemplated from the use of digital AT, as well as to cross the potentialities and limitations of the characteristics of people with disabilities in view of the need to develop new digital technologies in the academic field. With these purposes, it is defended the thesis that the presence of digital AT, in the academic path of students with disabilities, enhances the realization of dreams, desires, the longing to move forward with their studies, providing opportunities for entry, participation and successful completion in graduate studies stricto sensu. This is a qualitative, exploratory research, of the case study type, based on a referential in four theoretical axes, comprising People with Disabilities and the Políticas Públicas de Inclusão, Higher Education in the context of inclusion, digital assistive technology and the meaning of dreams, wishes and possibilities of the student with disability in the graduate course. The research subjects are students with disabilities registered at the Subdivisão de Acessibilidade from UFSM; being them, in the condition of undergraduate students, post-graduates and graduates from stricto sensu post-graduation courses. The instruments for data collection are two questionnaires sent through the Google Form platform and interviews conducted with the help of Meet and WhatsApp platforms. All the procedures were carried out upon Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido signed by the participants, respecting the ethical precepts of research with human beings. The analysis of the data collected was performed based on the content analysis Bardin (2011), opting for the categorical technique. The considerations arising from the analysis and discussion of results were favorable to the objectives and meeting the initial hypotheses of the study. Thus, it is verified that there are technologies not yet explored and/or developed that could facilitate the learning and the trajectory of people with disabilities in graduate courses, just as it is possible to find subsidies for the development and improvement of digital AT, in the pedagogical context, from the suggestions of students with disabilities, participants and graduates of undergraduate and graduate courses; that the entry, participation and completion of students with disabilities in graduate courses is related to the usability of AT and it is also noticed an effective relationship between the concepts of dream, desire and possibilities in the educational trajectory of students with disabilities. It is believed that this research can contribute to studies, reflections and discoveries of new inclusive strategies - represented by digital assistive technology - in the equitable sense, capable of collaborating with the realization of dreams and desires of students with disabilities in qualifying in graduate studies.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The goals of this research are to reflect on play and children's cultures in the class in which I work as a teacher, in order to qualify my work proposal in Early Childhood Education. I also seek to understand play, the forms of play in our classroom, as a free, spontaneous, and cultural action, enabling children to interact, participate, make choices, make decisions, and develop their initiative and autonomy. This whole learning process needed to have its methods modified, due to the closing of schools because of the Coronavirus pandemic. As a research problem, we are anxious to find answers to the following questions: Is it possible, through dialogue about the times, spaces, and studies undertaken in the search for possible paths that offer us answers, even if provisional and temporary, to reach the objectives proposed in this research, i.e., to reflect on children's games and cultures in the classes I work as a teacher, in the remote modality? Is it possible, through dialogue about the times, spaces, and studies undertaken in the search for possible paths that offer us answers, even if provisional and temporal, to reach the goals proposed in this research? Finally, this autobiographical research intended to reflect Wallonian reflections on the playful, creative, affective mediation of the teacher - student, looking sensitively at the child as a whole. We realized the importance of the construction of knowledge and culture, through children's sociocultural mediations, which require from the school and from the teachers innovative pedagogical change and reorganization, and that more than ever were tested now, during the pandemic teaching.

The Environmental Health Indicator (ISA) was proposed by the São Paulo State Sanitation Council (CONESAN) to assess the environmental situation of São Paulo municipalities, with the main premise of presenting a numerical value that represents the level of environmental health. The ISA evaluates several sanitation components and its value varies from 0 to 1 (or 0% to 100%), and the closer to 1, the greater the environmental healthiness of the analyzed region. Despite having been created to evaluate the municipalities of São Paulo, the ISA started to be used in several regions of Brazil, and its formulation varied according to the characteristics of the evaluated locations. The general objective of this study was to carry out a diagnosis of the environmental sanitation systems in the municipality of Jaboticaba/RS, through the ISA, ascertaining the current conditions for the development of a prognosis aimed at improvements. To this end, a survey of municipal data was carried out, which were compiled and organized so that the values of the 3rd and 2nd order indicators could be obtained, resulting in the value of the ISA for each municipal micro-region, so that, later on, if you could get the general value of the, here called, ISA/JAB. The value of the ISA/JAB was obtained for the micro-regions of the municipality, both rural and urban, carrying out an in-depth analysis of all components of municipal sanitation. The general value of the ISA/JAB was 51.82%, which fits the region as having medium health. The study pointed out the need for improvement in some spheres of sanitation, especially sanitary sewage, which need improvements to increase local environmental health. The best results were presented by the Vector Control Indicator, with 90.44%, followed by the Water Supply Indicator, with 81.70%.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The use of pesticides is increasing in Brazil and worldwide. Currently, one of the most used classes of these compounds is the organophosphates. Chlorpyrifos, a widely used organophosphate, is considered one of the most dangerous pesticides for human health due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, making the brain more vulnerable to free radical attacks. Evidence has suggested that exposure to organophosphates is closely related to neuroinflammation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the consumption of foods or substances that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity can be potential alternatives to attenuate the inflammatory process triggered by pesticides and consequently prevent the development of these diseases. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a plant native to South America widely used in the preparation of traditionally consumed beverages such as chimarrão, which is prepared from a partial infusion with hot water, and tererê, prepared from an infusion with ice water. Although the literature reports the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of yerba mate and its extracts, few studies have been carried out mimicking its preparation and consumption conditions. Based on this context, this study aimed to: i) investigate the oxidative and inflammatory response of microglial cell exposure to the chlorpyrifos pesticide; and ii) assess in vitro whether chimarrão could protect or attenuate the neuroinflammatory effects triggered by chlorpyrifos. In the first experimental protocol, the BV-2 microglial cells were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0.3 – 300 μM) for 96 hours. Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response triggered by exposure to this pesticide were evaluated. In the second experimental protocol, a partial infusion was made from yerba mate with hot water, mimicking the condition of preparation and consumption of chimarrão. BV-2 cells were treated with chlorpyrifos, at its inflammatory concentration found from the results of the first experimental protocol, and with chimarrão extract (1 – 100 μg/mL) for 96 hours. The identification and quantification of the bioactive compounds of the chimarrão was carried out through chromatographic analysis. Furthermore, the effect of chimarrão on oxidative stress and the inflammatory response triggered by chlorpyrifos in microglial cells was evaluated. The results of the first article showed that exposure to low concentrations (0.3 – 3 μM) of chlorpyrifos increased cell proliferation and levels of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the pesticide induced the activation of microglial cells and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β and NLRP3), suggesting that the pesticide chlorpyrifos triggers a neuroinflammatory process. The results of the second manuscript revealed that the main bioactive compounds found in chimarrão are chlorogenic acid, caffeoylquinic acid and caffeine. Furthermore, chimarrão was able to reduce the proliferation and recruitment of BV-2 cells, as well as decrease the production of nitric oxide triggered by the chlorpyrifos and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), and upregulate the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). The results suggest that chimarrão could act to attenuate the neuroinflammation process triggered by chlorpyrifos. Therefore, from the experimental results found, it can be concluded that subchronic exposure to low concentrations of chlorpyrifos triggers oxidative-inflammatory responses in immune cells of the central nervous system and that concomitant exposure to chimarrão could attenuate this neuroinflammation process caused by the pesticide.

A predictor model of the non-linear moment-rotation relationship of semi-rigid connections steel beam-to-column with double web-angles is proposed by this study. This predictor model is based on a mathematical function of exponential format with two parameters in which the response variable expresses the value of the relative rotation beam-to-column from the predictor variable that corresponds to the bending moment acting on the connection, which is standardized by a dimensionless factor, defined in terms of three geometric design variables. Two data sets were formed from numerical analysis by the Finite Element Method of 162 connections. The adjustment parameters of the proposed model were obtained from the nonlinear regression of the data, using a mathematical optimization method (Simulated Annealing), in order to minimize the defined objective function. The values of the adjustment parameters of the model are given by equations in terms of the height of the pair of double webangles that form the connection, specifically for the surface roughness conditions represented by the slip coefficient 0.2 and 0.4. The proposed model is presented in a simple format and the value of rotational stiffness at any point of the moment-rotation curve can be obtained directly from its derivative. The moment-rotation curves predicted by the proposed exponential model present a satisfactory predictive capacity of the behavior of the connections, when compared to the data obtained by the numerical analysis. It was evidenced that the surface roughness conditions affect directly the behavior of the connections, so that the simulated connections with a slip coefficient 0.4 presented an increase of 21% in the initial stiffness value, when compared to the simulated ones with a slip coefficient 0.2.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The use of self-massage (AM) is used to manipulate the fascial system, it has demonstrated physical adaptations on the soft tissues and functional adaptations for different physical capacities, including jumping activities. Although the mechanisms responsible for these adaptations are not yet fully understood, AM techniques are characterized by the application of mechanical pressure on a selected area, including a large number of studies on the foam rolling (FR) tool. The aim of the present study was to verify the influence of the application of FR on the performance of the unilateral DJ. Men aged between 18 and 40 years old, physically active and who had not had contact with the RF technique participated in the study. Kinetic and kinematic approaches to movement were used to assess the performance of the unilateral DJ and how much force was applied to each region during the FR techniques. The subjects were divided into a Foam Rolling group and a control group. And they performed the unilateral DJ from unilateral falls from a 0.20m box, followed by a vertical jump immediately after landing. In general, the RF had no influence on unilateral DJ and, therefore, presents very little risk for physically active subjects. And the behavior of the force curves during the FR was similar for the hamstrings, calf, quadriceps and tibialis anterior for both the right and left limbs.

Honey gives an image of being natural, healthy and free from contaminants. In Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul is one of the states with the highest honey production. The great appreciation of this product, especially in the foreign market, requires the application of rigorous standards of quality and safety of honey, as well as the investment in organic production system. Polychlorinated biphenyls, from English Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are toxic synthetic organochlorine compounds that, despite having been banned from manufacturing and marketing for several years, due to their inappropriate disposal, have contaminated the environment and are still detected. In the present work, the identity and quality patterns and the contamination by PCBs in 90 honeys of different floral origins (monofloral and multifloral) from organic and conventional production systems from Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed. The occurrence of 11 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls: PCBs 28, 52, 77, 81, 101, 118, 126, 138, 153, 169 and 180. Extraction was performed using the modified QuEChERS method (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) followed by chromatography gas with microelectron capture detector with detection limits of 5 ng g-1 and 10 ng g-1. The results showed the presence of 4 congeners in 15 samples of honey from 9 municipalities, confirming environmental contamination in southern Brazil. The maximum levels of concentration detected were 635 ng g-1 for PCB 28, 194 ng g-1 for PCB 101, 65 ng g- 1 for PCB 77 and 50 ng g-1 for PCB 81. Although this contamination in honey represents a low risk, it is a persistent organic pollutant, classified as proven carcinogenic for humans and animals. Among the contaminated samples, no significant differences were identified regarding the production system and floral origin. When analyzing the results of the identity and quality standards individually, the vast majority of honeys were within the limits defined by national and international legislation, which allows us to affirm that the honey produced in Rio Grande do Sul has good quality, a fact that shows the adoption of good beekeeping practices by state producers. Through the analysis of the main components it was possible to explain a large part of the variability between the parameters humidity, ash, electrical conductivity, pH, free acidity, total acidity, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, diastatic activity and HMF of the honey according to the production system and the floral origin. The analysis by hierarchical grouping, classifying in groups using Euclidean distances, showed the differentiation of these 10 quality parameters of the samples.

This study is linked to the Professional Master's Degree at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) in the Pedagogical Management and Educational Contexts research line and its main objective is to understand how non-mandatory internships in Early Childhood Education classes in the Municipal Education Network impact on academic training. of the students of the Pedagogy courses at UFSM. It is also intended to know the perception of interns about the experiences they had during the non-mandatory internship period and the relationship with their academic training; to identify the teachers' perceptions in relation to their pedagogical role in the academic's formative process and, finally, to discuss the importance of the University - School relationship to compose common formative elements in the academic trajectory of Pedagogy courses. We have authors who approach the theme, sewing with the personal trajectory of formation and performance at school. With regard to initial teacher education, references were sought in authors such as Pimenta (2017), Formosinho (2019, 2020), Saballa (2019, 2020), Freire (2013), Ostetto (2012), Costa and Mello (2017). ), Altino (2020), Lima (2010, 2020), Tardif (2014). Regarding the methodological process of this research, references were sought in Minayo (1993), Gatti (2005), Silveira and Córdova (2009), Neto (1994), Guido and Costa (2016), Lima 2020). In order to share their knowledge and experiences, three students from Pedagogy courses at UFSM who work with non-mandatory internships in Kindergarten classes and four teachers from Nursery to Preschool classes at a Municipal Elementary School of public education network.The field research started with forms that were answered online by the research subjects and, in a second moment, we used Dialogue Groups, inspired by the Focus Group method, with academics and teachers. From the data collected, it was possible to observe that non-mandatory internships can contribute to the initial training of academics. However, the perception that theory and practice exist separately in academic training was also evidenced. As a product of this study, it is proposed to prepare a document that contains guidelines for monitoring and proposing reflections on the non-mandatory internships of the academics of the Pedagogy Course in the context of the school, in the Early Childhood Education classes.

This research, from the Postgraduate Program in Public Policies and Educational Management of the Professional Master's Course, demonstrates how the teacher, child and knowledge relationship is built and its possibilities in pedagogical work with young children in a time of pandemic in a network school of the Municipality of Santa Maria. Our general objective was to understand how the teacher, child and knowledge relationship is built and its possibilities in the work pedagogical with young children in time of a pandemic. In order to achieve this objective, we sought to identify, from the point of view of history, how the education of young children was constituted in Public Policies; recognize how the Sociology of Childhood helps in understanding the role of children in the area of education, especially for young children; reflect on the pedagogical work with young children in Early Childhood Education in a time of pandemic; to investigate the potential of records in the construction of shared protagonism between children and teacher and to contribute to the teachers' reflexive process on the relationships established between the narratives and processes of meanings of children. The research is based on a qualitative approach, created from an “Craftsmanship” by the researcher herself, contemplated with some inspirations from ethnographic research, with perceptions and reflections about the movements of children and teacher at school. The basis for the discussions and interpretations of the data were the narratives of the researcher teacher herself through her logbookThe theoretical framework is organized based on authors Rinaldi (2014), Kuhlmann Júnior (2015), Freire (2003, 2017 and 2019), Morin (2019 and 2020), Fortunati (2016), Hoyuelos (2019) and Josso ( 2004). In this way, when analyzing the findings through the narratives, it was possible to perceive the importance of attentive and sensitive listening to our children in the daily pedagogical work, reverberating the shared protagonism from the spaces, times and interactions existing in Early Childhood Education teaching. It is hoped that this research intends to reflect on the possibilities of narratives in relation to pedagogical work, in order to affirm the shared protagonism between teachers and children in times of pandemic. From this, the research product is a document in digital format containing narratives of the pedagogical work with young children, named “Daily Shows” and will aim to help teachers from public and private networks to think about their pedagogical work with the children, through narratives, materializing their thoughts and those of children, along with their learning.

The aim of this dissertation was to identify the determinants of the perceived tenure security in the Nova Santa Marta Settlement, located in the city of Santa Maria-RS, considered one of the largest urban occupations in Latin America. We propose that the perception can be understood in terms (presence/absence) of variables linked to socio-environmental, economic and institutional factors. Based on the property rights theories of Coase, North and Williamson we have refined a scale of perceived security that can be empirically tested. After a systematic review of the literature to identify the state of the art on the subject, we used a structured household questionnaire with 979 participants from a representative sample of 7 informal settlements. We employed the technique of multinominal logistic regression with the objective of detecting the statistical relations between three concepts of the perceived tenure security. We found evidence of what we call institutional factors of perception. The estimated models show that the perceived security is associated with lower socioenvironmental and economic development indicators. However, we also found evidence to reveal that institutional factors impact on the indicator of the perceived tenure security in specific domains, through what we assume is a substitution effect. Informal settlements allow several poorer families to live at lower costs than is customary or officially acceptable and therefore spend more on other expenditures that improve their well-being. The distribution of property rights determines the size, distribution and impacts of these compensations and shapes the economic and social performance of informal settlements. The analytical structure present in the New Institutional Economy proved adequate in the discussion of the subject, revealing limitations on the applicability of property rights without considering issues related to the institutional conception of perceived tenure security.

This project aim the researcher acting as institutional supporter of the Family Health Strategy in Cristal/RS an inner city of Rio Grande do Sul. Qualitative was the methodology used, theoretical base on Institutional Analysis, and intervention as the research method. The participants were workers from the healthy area, mostly Health Strategy of the city. The workers joined in attended meetings and educational places to produce the informations. The meetings were the tools for getting the informations with the notebook, the interviews, the actions and from the researcher field diaries, analyzed through Institutional Analysis of Baremblitt. As the project results came out two artiles: Institutional support in the daily support of teams and Institutional support in the process of democratization of management in small cities.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Material Didático da UAB/CTE/PROGRAD/UFSM - Curso de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Organização Pública em Saúde.