Repositório RCAAP

The present work was aimed at making the diagnosis of 25 Agroecosystems located in the Pirapora river micro basin, in the Piedade municipality, State of São Paulo, focusing particularly on the adopted management practices. The socioeconomic, productive and environmental implications of these practices were analyzed and contextualized in the scenario of São Paulo State agriculture. The focus in the watershed, besides their legal aspects, reflects its importance as a geographical until priority actions for integrated management, conservation and natural resource management. In this study we sought to define the indicators that reflect the complexity of management were studied based on the method proposed by MESMIS, as well as by systematic methodological experience Agronomic Institute of Paraná IAPAR, systemic approach. The main results arising from systematized this work were: a significant presence of family farmers in the region, the incompatibility of management techniques adopted in Agroecosystems in relation to environmental and soil characteristics of the region, the weakness in the organization among the farmers, the narrow market for the sale restricted to the middleman, the heavy dependence on external inputs to the system resulting from a conventional farming, the use of pesticides banned, the impairment of water resources and public health of residents for limited use in the preservation of water sources and lack of sanitation. These factors indicate that the diagnosed type of agriculture currently practiced in the region is undermining the sustainability of Agroecosystems due to the degradation of natural resources and, consequently, of their own agricultural activities in the watershed.

This paper is an approach to the debate on the possible existence of an elective affinity between the study of Social Sciences and the macro-process of secularization. Secularization here is understood as the gradual, non-linear, historically and geographically determined loss of the comprehensiveness of religious discourse, which is expressed, among other factors, by the separation and autonomization of the social spheres and the consequent privatization of religion. To achieve such a goal, a group of Social Scientists from the state of Paraíba, graduated between 1980 and 2005, were chosen as the empirical space of analysis. By means of in-depth interviews their life histories were recovered with a focus on their religious views and practices before, during and after their studies as social scientists, while an attempt was conducted to apprehend by which means this process was able to change their views and practices towards secularization. By analyzing the content of the interviews, it was possible to conclude that there is an elective affinity relationship between the study of Social Sciences and secularization. This occurs because the study of the discipline, even tough it does not contribute directly to the construction of an atheist or agnostic view, it does offer the tools required for the constitution of a secular consciousness, where religion is perceived as a discourse that responds to individual needs and interests, a matter of personal choice, that means, religion is viewed and experienced by the Social Scientists analyzed, as a discourse, in modern times, that has its meaning given by the soteriological function it performs.

This study intend to tematizar the application of new class actions, having as focus the mining unionism, represented for the Union of the Eletricitários of Minas Gerais (Sindieletro). Here two collective actions intitled unionism had been analyzed citizen and fusing of unions. Faced as accomplishments of unionism CUT, the union citizen and the fusing of unions are enrolled as class actions in search of conquests, under a more optimistical perspective, of spaces of performance and social integration, or attempt of maintenance, for a more pessimistic optics, of the old profits. The creation of other forms of collective action, diverse of the traditional ones, made possible the construction of a unionism that started to search with frequency the participation in institutional spaces until then little usual, the diversification of the in such a way national agenda as internationally. The search for partnerships with other social movements and organizations, allowed the Unions, between them the Sindieletro, the unification of regionais/locais politics through programs of work generation and income, offers of courses of professional qualification and cultural formation, support to other movements you beat and cooperatives. The fusing of unions is based as another modality of class action. In contrast of the practical citizens, the fusing reveals to more radical and modifies proposals of all the administrative structure of the involved entities in the process. The fusing of the Sindieletro with the Sindelt, was perhaps, one of the examples most succeeded of job of this class action in Brazil. However it still continues being ripened day the day. The creation/introduction of new modalities of class action for the cutista unionism, as presented for the Sindieletro, in such a way needs to be tematizado and to be understood by studious syndical and the proper actors, a time that comes if placing with the center of the changes practicaldiscursive of the CUT and its associates.

This research focus on the broadcasting in the context of the military dictatorship in Brazil, during the government of Emilio Garrastazu Médici. The broadcasting beginning has been marked by the decurrently transformations of the industrialization process, during 19th. Century. Beyond the research with transmission waves that had marked this period, the industry brought, for the scope of the social organization, the reality of the urbanization process, motivated for the new work relations. The new urban reality constructs, in turn, the ideal scene for mass-media development. In Brazil this reality is not different, since the first research on transmission waves occurs at the 20th. Century beginning, in the moment of intense industrial development. At 1930 s, as a consequence of the capitalist perspective of market, the radio incorporates commercial classification, that influences the appearing of the television in 1950. Then, radio and TV become private properties with lucrative ends, holding with the government the prerogative for the concessions of functioning and to be acting in the sector, as well. From these possibilities, and considering the strategically paper of these vehicles for the social organization, the government, at different moments and with different objectives, starts to use them to propagate institutional advertising, even though inaugurate its own networks. This use intensifies from the military dictatorship establishment, in 1964. The military government that controlled the national politics during twenty years had massive invested in the structural development of radio and television networks, beyond using them as mechanism of supporting, legitimating and propagation of its authoritarian ideology. The imposed bases created from the military blow at 1964 had served as foundation for Médici government puts under control the broadcasting vehicles, in order to continuity theirs structural development, to establish the censorship of the programming, as well as to create an authoritarian legislation that directly limited the action of the involved ones with the functioning of the broadcasting.

This study has as main goal analyze the publication A questão Social by the Socialist Center of Santos in the end of the 19th century. I search to understand how the socialists ideas emerged in Europe were established in the country and their reflexes over the left-wing press in this study, the periodical of the Socialist Center of Santos. The present work tries to show why not to consider the revolutionary acts as the most adequate, searching for a reformist way of action. The fact of Marxism has seduced intellectuals from middle classes, from which the leaders of the Center of Santos came from; pointing out that Silvério Fontes was a strong mischaracterizing element in this organization before the labor man. The biggest part of the work parties and organizations defining themselves as socialists in Brazil during the last decade of the 19th century fought for reformist measures in favor of workmen such as reduction of working hours and prohibition of child labor. Thus it can be stated that the Brazilian Socialism was coherent with the dominant chain of the International Second which prayed for a socialist society from a perspective which would be the result of a historical evolution without any kind of violent means to achieve this occurrence, concentrating its main efforts on short and middle term political actions, that is, in achieving electing victories and in the program that should lead its actions if they ever got the power through party arena. And their publications are an important historical source to understand this reception of ideas.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

This paper is aimed at studying the neighborhoods that originated from the Antônio Prado Colonial Nucleus in the city of Ribeirão Preto in 1887. Meeting the needs of the coffee complex, the colonials occupied the vacant lands still available in the city. The purpose of the colonial nucleus was to supply the population with subsistence goods, attract and set the workforce for the agriculture by means of allotment, but also to modify the profile of the urban inhabitants. Among the demands to acquire a plot of land, the candidate should be a foreigner who had an urban job and also be able to construct his/her won commercial or residential establishment. It was also demanding that the candidate kept an effective cultivation of the land and afforded the maintenance and construction of the improvements in his/her plots of land, under the penalty of losing it in case of breach of the norms established. The two hundred plots that formed the colonial nucleus were immediately occupied and in 1892, after the payment of the debts by most of the previous owners, they were subdivided and got into the market of local lands. At that time, Ribeirão Preto started to testify the development generated by the coffee monoculture, which stimulated the construction of the urban infrastructure, the arrival of the railway, and the installation of a network of services related to the coffee complex. The current urbanism and public health policies, regulated by the "Codes of Conduct", kept away from the population focuses of contamination such as hospitals, cemeteries, industries and slaughterer houses, but it also "protected" the city from "undesirable" people against the maintenance of the new republican elite: poor and sick people, former slaves, immigrants and transgressors. Thus, the area of Antônio Prado Colonial Nucleus corresponded to a deposit of everything that should be "made invisible" regarding human beings and constructions. In face of the segregation imposed by the elites, for whom the immigrants were desirable for work, but not for social relationships, this study showed some of the living strategies of the colonial nucleus inhabitants and the ways by which they modulated an image of themselves and of the city, having the physical space as the definer of the actions. For that, this paper presents the colonials' horticulture production, the development of the jobs, industries, commerce, and the rendering of services, and also religious and associative activities. These were means through which the immigrants could establish more intensely a brotherhood among themselves. After 120 years, as a consequence of the segregation, most of the neighborhoods originated from the former Colonial Nucleus neither grows vertically, nor its plots acquires better prices, although they are located next to downtown.

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The present work intends to contribute for quarrel on the agrarian reform adopting as bias the interpretation of the process of construction of the social identity generated by the adoption of new forms of sociability in the agricultural way, created for the possibility of permanence or return to the field through the implantation of rurals projects of settlements. In the field of the agricultural sociability, we look for to detect which the values gifts in the ideal and real actions of these people who pass, after conquest of a land piece, to coexist daily in one same space and presenciam difficulties and similar initial chances, even so have particular histories of life. Therefore, nor the Brazilian agricultural settlement origin and nor the profile of the seated population are similar, have distinctions not only enter the different projects of settlements, but also in the internal profile of one exactly settlement and, in this way, the perceptions that after construct the conquest of the land expresses this multiplicity of inserted social citizens in the program of agrarian reform. The methodology adopted for the understanding of the process of construction of these new identities appeared through the agricultural settlements is the concept-type of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (community and society) formulated by Ferdinand Tönnies, whose complementary and contradictory nature allows in them to analyze the different forms of social organization, as the moment and the movement of the wills that characterize these two concepts central offices. The interpretation of the native categories that give sensible to the Inter life and inner life of the seated ones if of the one through the understanding of the values (dialectic component of the social nature of the human being) that, however attracts, however moves away people ones from the others. On the basis of the carried through empirical research in the project of settlement New Pontal, located in the city of Rosana, in the region of the Pontal of the Paranapanema, we could, saw study of the predominant sociabilities, to delineate the concept of agricultural society as modeller of the style of predominant life in the agricultural area (re) constructed by the agrarian reform.

This ethnography has as an objective to comprehend the logic in which the riverside population from the low river Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil, conceive the diseases and the treatments facing the Public Health programs which seek to orient these conceptions according to an own logic, and also how they answer to that according to their cosmological system. The central question consists on knowing how they acquire the biomedical speech, the clinical practice, and the public policies in Health and associate them to their therapeutic traditional model. The ethnographic material described and analyzed here was obtained during a field research (participant observation and interviews), carried out in three periods, between 2005 and 2007, in the communities Prainha do Tapajós, Prainha, Taquara, Itapaiuna and Paraíso situated in the perimeter of a federal conservation unit, and in Santarém and Belterra cities. It is noted that the riverside population acquire the outside agents and proposed changes according to pre-existing cultural schemes and articulate the biomedical model procedures with the therapeutic traditional model, as they do not see incongruence between them, even with some tension points. The Cure local specialists and the health community agents are found as fundamental subjects of this articulation and of the therapeutic itinerary.

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Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

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