Repositório RCAAP

The study aimed to assess the diversity of insects associated with green manure, during its development and after its incorporation into the soil. Was conducted in the period from january to June 2011 and driven at the center of agricultural sciences of UFSCar, municipality of Araras - SP (Latitude 22° 2125 South and a Longitude 47° 2303 West), in an experimental area Red-yellow latosol, a Glebe of 1344m ², outlined by 24 plots, entered into four block design with six treatments each, composed of crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis); millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) black plus with organic compound. The plots used for each treatment were 8, 0 m x 7 m (57.2 m2), and the spacing between plots within each block were of 3.0 metres. The solo collection for analysis comprised on the layer of 0 to 20 cm depth. The insects were captured every two weeks, through the pitfalls of type "pitfall", which remained at fixed points within each block, during the development of the live cover and mulch. We collected a total of 17595 individuals distributed in 8 orders, 62 families. Formicidae was the family of dominant insects during the vegetatives stadium of green manures and after its management in soil with mulch. Among the insects, predators, decomposers dispersers and herbivores, the treatments that were grown three different species of green manures presented higher diversity of insects. The use of organic compound in planting green manures not influence on productivity of the same, however, the rate of decomposition of mulch was less over 45 days.

The theme of this current subject concerns the relation between Ecological-Economical Zoning (EEZ) and the biodiversity s protection. For so, an incursion is necessary concerning this important territorial planning tool, with the presentation of its backgrounds, current situation, methodological evolution, main projects already made in the country, with analyses of its biotical aspects data and main products. The research proposes a methodological contribution to the Ecological-Economical Zoning, through the insertion of the biodiversity parameter in two levels of execution: a more strategic level, the Macrozoning, and a more operational vision, the EEZ on local and state scale. The case studied embodies the Parnaíba River Watershed, detailed of the EEZ from the region of Parnaíba River Delta, localized on the states of Piauí, Ceará and Maranhão. The main objective of this study consists in contributing with the Ecological-Economical Zoning methodology in relation with the biotical aspects, improving the insertion of biodiversity on the operational processes. For so, it was opted to get and analyze concerning the biotical environment, as many zoning projects ever made in Brazil as possible, on a 1:250.000 scale or bigger, besides presenting insertion alternatives of the biodiversity theme on different information treating scales, guaranteeing that the biodiversity conservation gets considered on an effective way on the operational procedures of zoning, proposing its thematically integration and supported use of the natural resources. The execution of the work was based mainly on the use of geoprocessing tools, through the reunion of data and information on Geographical Information Systems, using Spring software and ArcGis, with divulgation of the Geographical Data Bank constructed from the secondary data given by the Sustained Development Political Secretary from the Environment Ministry (SDS/MMA) e specific processes made on this study.

This work searches to interpret experiences in Environmental Education in the state of the Acre, from the territorial fights since the indigenous peoples, considering the rubber men, with special care to the Chico Mendes phenomenon. Launching to look at on the state of the art of the Environmental Education in the state, this research argues the context where the state of Acre is inserted, in its historical and anthropophagical source. Looking for to understand the process of construction of the political perspective of the peoples of the forest, mainly of the rubber men of the Acre Amazonia, commanded for the look and leadership of its Chico leader Mendes, considering a dialogue of this experience with the Environmental Education in its more different nuances present in this Amazonian state. The study also searches to establish an analytical story of practical experience of grass root of the environmental education in the state, the construction of dialogues of public politics in Environmental Education. Through four articulated articles that dialogue between themselves, it analyzes the anthropophagical process of the experiences of the peoples of the forest in its daily and permanent dynamics of use and handling of the Amazonian forest, looking for understanding the contribution of the Environmental Education in this process in the context of a state popular environmental educator, understanding the social and ecological fight of the peoples of forest as the one process continuous, permanent educator and in direct contact with the Amazonian forest, laboratory of practical experience and of this simple people and a singular wisdom.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

This thesis was carried out during the filling and stabilization phases of the reservoirs of APM Manso (Dec/99-Apr/03) and AHE Jauru (Oct/02-Apr/04), in the state of Mato Grosso. It mostly aimed to identify limnological patterns similar to both reservoirs; analyze the influences of river basin, residence time and decomposition process on these patterns; verify the succession of functional groups in the phytoplankton community; and provide a limnological characterization of the tributaries of these hydroelectric reservoirs. In the APM Manso, the flooded area is about 427 km², the residence time (RT) is 429 days; while in the AHE Jauru, the flooded area is about 3 km², and the RT is 4 days. In the former, 11 samplings were conducted during the filling phase (Dec/99- Dezc/00), and 13 during the stabilization phase (Feb/01-Apr/03); the samplings were obtained from seven stations: two in the river, two in the intermediary zone and three in the limnetic zone of the reservoir. In the AHE Jauru, seven samplings were conducted, and the first one was performed one month after the filling was completed, which took three days; the samplings were obtained from two stations: one in the river and one in the reservoir. In both reservoirs, samplings were performed in three different depths in the water column in order to calculate mean, standard deviation and ANOVA. Historic series of weather (precipitation, wind, air temperature) and hydrology (discharge) in the basins of the tributaries of both the APM Manso (Manso and Casca rivers) and the AHE Jauru (Jauru river) as well as the limnological data of these rivers in the period studied were presented and discussed. In the Manso and Casca rivers, rain seasonality was shown to exert strong influence on the major physico-chemical water conditions. In the Juru River, the control was mainly due to the presence or absence of rain close to the collection states. The river conditions were also influenced by their drainage area (geology, soils) and soil uses. In the transition zone of the APM Manso, the oscillations in Secchi disc visibility, turbidity and suspended material were similar to the rivers, with tendency to stabilize in the limnetic zone after March/00. Electrical conductivity, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen were the main indicators of the mineralization process of labile organic matter in the APM Manso (filling phase) and AHE Jauru (Oct-Dec/02), and their patterns were similar to both reservoirs, being mostly controlled by the decomposition velocity. The DO concentrations remained low in the hypolimnion of the reservoirs, which was more noticeable in the APM Manso. The potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium ions in the APM Manso tended to stabilize after March/00 in this reservoir. In the AHE Jauru, the concentrations of these ions were higher in October/02, with few oscillations and low concentrations in the following months. The mineralization processes of refractory matter, which is abundant in the flooded cerrado vegetation, led to an increment of the nitrogen nutrients (Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate) in the APM Manso during the stabilization phase as well as in the AHE Jauru from April to June/03. The residence time was one of the forces which controlled the sedimentation and stabilization processes. The phytoplankton showed functional groups which were generally good describers of the predominant limnological conditions in these reservoirs and their tributaries. In the AHE Jauru, the dominancy among these groups depended on the influence of the Jauru River, which was more perceptible in the rainy period. In the APM Manso, the chlorophyceae were predominant in both filling and stabilization phases; however, the cyanobacteria were also predominant in the latter, possibly due to the increment of nutrients and the decrease in alkalinity. The major limnological patterns identified in the reservoirs were: i) increase in electrical conductivity and alkalinity in the reservoirs (arm of the Casca river in the APM Manso and AHE Jauru); ii) decrease in mean concentrations of DO in relation to the tributaries; iii) increase of Zds and decrease in turbidity and MS (only during drought in the AHE Jauru); iv) increase of phytoplankton density (only during drought in the AHE Jauru). The results suggest that variation patterns in the APM Manso and AHE Jauru continue to occur today and that these environments were stabilized after Dec/00 and Dec/02, respectively

The modern Zoos are in a continuous improvement for the attendance of your principal functions - leisure, education, conservation and research. The understanding of the relationship among the environmental protection (preservation, conservation and recovery) and the public use of the Zoos for activities recreational or educational has been the administrators' of these institutions great challenge. The present work had as objective the environmental characterization and zoning of the Municipal Zoological Park of Moji Mirim and its immediate surrounding to subsidize your management plan. The Zoological Park environmental characterization was made based on the use of Geographical Information Systems, making possible the elaboration of a georeferenced database and thematic maps of several landscape structural elements (limits, hydrography, road net and land use). These results allowed the proposition of a Zoo s conceptual environmental zoning and for your buffer zone, in terms of the environmental risks resulting from the types and intensities of the immediate surrounding land uses. The environmental zoning constitutes the primary component of a management plan, a public declaration document of the institution manager's of the Zoological Park intentions in the perspective to assure the execution of your functions

The present thesis of Doctoral study is the resulted of research under the Post Graduation Programme of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) titling Constructing Educative Ways for Interpretation of the Pantanal s Environment . It reflects the research carried out about a pedagogical filter of the environmental education, with images of the Pantanal s ecology to interpret natural and cultural dimensions in two communities: Mimoso, São Pedro de Joselândia and other places located in the municipalities of Santo Antonio of the Leverger, Poconé and Barão de Melgaço, in Mato Grosso Sate, where we face many sort of environmental impacts and problems to protect the large wetland, in its broad meaning of nature and society. The presented results represent an effort of Environmental Education Group Researcher (GPEA) of Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), which is built by many researchers from multidisciplinary approaches for understanding the ecological and cultural diversities of these two communities. The results reveal the fragile meaning of sustainable development, since we realised it is far from its implementation, especially that related to education dimension which claims for sustainable societies. The studies reflect new image s ways (photos), considering the aesthetic sensitivity as an important tool to promote a responsible and ethical look for the environment. The image s discourse of the investigated groups discloses lack of critical awareness in relation to the linked dimensions between human being, society and nature. In a similar way, it is observed that aesthetic of the image s discourse is suffering by lack of care in terms of ethical; poetical; management or policy to built the concept of development and its sustainability. The research was conducted by environmental education principles, considering the ethno knowledge of Pantanal s communities, for interpreting and perceiving the ecological space and social dimension of the wetland of their habitants

O trabalho apresenta sistematização da experiência de construção do sistema de indicadores intra-urbanos de qualidade de vida de Belo Horizonte, composto por dois índices: o Índice de Qualidade de Vida Urbana e o Ìndice de Vunerabilidade Social. Através de diversos artigos, a experiência foi analisada em dois campos. POr um lado, procurou-se demonstrar a aplicabiblidade real e potencial dos indicadores como subsídio ao planejamento público municipal, na formulação de políticas públicas para a melhoria da qualidade de vida urbana. Por outro lado, demonstrou-se a relação entre o alcance teórico-metodológico do sistema de indicadores e a conceituação contemporânea de qualidade de vida urbana, também desenvolvida no trabalho. Assi, produziu-se análise crítica dos limites e potencialidades da experiência como um todo e do sistema de indicadores, além de analisar as perspectivas futuras e a contribuição da iniciativa para a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento urbano

The Sciaenid fish species Cynoscion jamaicensis (Jamaica weakfish), Macrodon ancylodon (king-weakfish) and Micropogonias furnieri (whitemouth croaker) are marine fishing resources traditionally exploited off Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil. Their importance was verified in the time series of the extractive fisheries production of Brazil. So, they were selected to have many of their fisheries biology aspects re-evaluated by REVIZEE Programme - Programme of Assessment of the Sustainable Potentiality of Living Resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone off Southeastern Coast of Brazil (23° to 28° 40 S). In this context the Fisheries Institute of the Secretary of Agriculture and Supply (IP) performed biological and biometrical samplings, disposed statistical data of extractive production and the diagnosis results concerning to these species in the State of São Paulo. After a General Introduction which places the reference landmarks on the issue, three similarly structured diagnosis on each of the concerned species are presented. They were formatted as scientific articles which may slightly differ from each other in the fisheries description or in the methods used to describe life cycle previously defined by REVIZEE. Biological and biometrical data collected from 1993 to 2003 were used to characterize life cycle. The marine extractive production was described by using the available fisheries time series and those published by IBAMA and IP. Additional information on the fishing effort associated to the catches landed in the State of São Paulo was also provided by IP through the System of Data Bank Management for Statistical Control of the Marine Fisheries Production ProPesq®. This information was useful to verify the level of fisheries performance. These articles aim at characterizing the stocks exploitation status considering: geographical distribution; catch evolution; length structure and length-weight relationship; growth; mortality and survival rates; and reproduction. Among the three species, king weakfish belonging to the Southeastern stock lacked information on reproductive biology which is detailed in the fourth chapter. After the four articles Final Considerations summarizes the diagnosis and presents management recommendations, in agreement with the results presented in the Executive Report of REVIZEE Programme, which is the official final document published by the Programme facing the commitments which Brazil assumed with the international community when ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Jamaica weakfish is one of the main demersal resources exploited in the Southeastern region. In the last 20 years, its production reached a peak at 5,000 t in 1998, which decreased to 2,800 t in 2005 (reduction: 44 %). The State of São Paulo received a little more than half the total catch, mostly from pair trawlers. This fleet has shown yield trend since 1996, which accompanies the landed catch. Both sexes reach gonadal maturity at 193.1 mm total length within 2.5 years; they can live up to 14 years, with 389.57 mm maximum theoretical length; total mortality was estimated as Z=1.24 ano-1 (M=0.54 ano-1; F=0.70 ano-1), corresponding to a 0,56 exploitation rate, which indicates the stock is overexploited. These results point out that fishing effort on this species must not increase in order to keep catch on a sustainable level. The king weakfish production and yield presented decreasing trend, which was chiefly observed in the last 10 years. Its mortality rate increased, associated to the exploitation rate (E=0.58), higher than 0.5; the length at first maturity (L50=284.5 mm) shortened between 5% and 10% of the maximum theoretical length value (L∞=506.59 mm). All this pack of information is enough to characterize the Southeastern stock of king weakfish as overexploited. Even though, one can infer this stock responses positively to effort decrease based on the signs of possible yield recovery which were observed in the late decade of 1990. The decrease of fishing effort can be even more efficient for stock recovery if it is associated to the protection of the area from 23°S and 25°S, and between 18 m and 28 m deep and from december to april, which is the intensive reproduction period. Whitemouth croaker is the main demersal fishing resource at Southeastern and Southern regions. It occupies the second rank among the fish landed in the State of São Paulo and it is caught by boats using different kinds of fishing gears. The Southeastern stock was intensely exploited in the 1960 and 1970 decades but it showed signs of recovery after a reduction of fishing effort. However, in the last 10 years, once again whitemouth croaker has been excessively caught, what has pulled the yield down. Most of that is due to many fishing fleets, which did not have whitemouth croaker as the main target, having aimed their effort to this species. The average length of whitemouth croaker landed in São Paulo is around 290 mm, nearly the same length at first maturity for females (Lt50=292.24 mm). The maximum theoretical length is 389.57 mm. The total mortality rate is 0.59 and the exploitation rate is 0.63, what points out that stock is overexploited and that fishing effort control is needed to keep capture sustainable.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a influência da sazonalidade na qualidade da água entre a Barragem de Cachoeira de Emas e a Foz do rio Jaguari-Mirim no rio Mogi-Guaçu, no período de abril de 2003 a setembro de 2004. As variáveis mensuradas foram: temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, transparência, condutividade elétrica, pH, alcalinidade, dureza, nitrato, fósforo total, fosfato inorgânico, fosfato total, nitrito, silicato, amônia e também precipitação pluviométrica. A análise de componentes principais (ACP) apontou os principais indicadores de qualidade de água que permitiram a avaliação da situação da qualidade do rio Mogi-Guaçu nos pontos amostrados. Os resultados indicam influência da sazonalidade na qualidade da água entre os dois pontos amostrados, em função da pluviosidade na dinâmica das variáveis limnológicas, em especial quanto ao aporte e diluição de nutrientes no sistema.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Não consta

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Due to the fact that governmental decisions centralize local sustainability as a basis for reaching global sustainability, planning and establishing directives for municipal territories are growingly important. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize, analyze and elaborate a conceptual proposal for ecological-economical zoning in the city of Santa Cruz da Conceição, state of São Paulo, Brazil, using Geographical Information Systems GIS in order to create a digital georeferenced database that would enable the understanding of the structure and functioning of natural systems for the sustainable use of natural municipal resources. Characterization and zoning were based on topographical charts and aerial photographs. Results led to the construction of maps of structural elements in the landscape, analysis of erosion risks, and definition of zones of environmental fragility. For each zone, the problems, limitations and potentials were determined. Besides, tendency and directions were projected in order to determine general and specific directives for the preservation of natural characteristics and prioritization of the potentialities in each area. The municipal territory was divided into four zones that showed distinct levels of environmental fragility: zone of major relative environmental fragility (ZMAF), zone of medium relative environmental fragility (ZMEF), zone of major relative environmental stability (ZMAE) and urban zone (ZURB). ZMAF and ZMEF were predominant in the landscape of the city with 37.54% and 41.62% of the area, respectively. Results obtained evidenced the need to determine legal public, technical and financial tools for the social control of existing environmental impacts, to substitute and diversify socialeconomical matrices and to adequate the use of natural resources to local environmental fragilities.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

The sustainable use of the natural resources should be a basic premise to be integrated in environmental policies in order to avoid the growing natural ecosystems destruction. To assure a better appropriation of these resources is fundamental to apply the territorial arrangement landscape, with the formulation of environmental zonings. The municipality of Querência is located on Xingu River Basin, in the Northeast of Mato Grosso State, an Amazonian region knowledge as the arch of deforestation , in which has been registered the increase of clearing areas for farming and pasture in the last 20 years. The aim of this work is the environmental characterization and the elaboration of an environmental zoning of Querência municipality, starting from the definition and recognizing of different types of landscapes and land use, on the study area. The environmental inventory of the main environmental variables, that compose landscape, was made through field work and based on information processing in digital format of the thematic maps: planialtimetric, geology, geomorphology, pedology, agricultural suitability, vegetation and deforestation. Using geographical information systems - ArcGis 9.2 and SPRING 4.2 it was elaborated the land use and land cover maps obtained from CBERS II satellite (2006), as well as overlays operations that made possible the definition of landscape units, and resulted in the elaboration of the environmental zoning of Querência municipality. It was set up six zones: Preservation of Hydric Resources, Urban Use, Intensive Use, Forest Management, Protected Areas and Multiple Use.