Repositório RCAAP

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Presently, the accelerating process of globalization has given a change of values that, unfortunately, affect the daily of Bioregional communities, resulting in both loss of biological diversity as well as cultural diversity of those communities. Thus, this study aims to reveal that the Pantanal s community of São Pedro de Joselândia still has a strong relationship with the environment to which it is inserted, as evidenced by the local culture and resident s knowledge, especially the knowledge about local avifauna, demonstrating also that such knowledge can assist in preparing of bird s inventories made by the scientific community and assist in the recognition of resident s knowledge about the Pantanal wetlands, in relevance of dialogue between local and universal knowledge. The methodology is anchored in the Bioregionalism s theories, which advocate the development of the environment surrounding Bioregional communities, taking into consideration the circumstances and the knowledge of these communities. The results allowed the construction of a local list with 162 species of birds belonging to 56 families. The identifications made by the residents were made visually or by vocalizations of the species, and the classification made in the community is linked to morphology, behavior or vocalization of the species. Furthermore, we identified the ecosystem services of provision related to species that serve as a food supplement for the community, and cultural, related to species with some symbolic relation to the residents. Finally, an educational booklet about the community of São Pedro was produced, together with community residents, showing a bit of everyday life and relationships that residents have with the wetland environment, serving as a return to the community of the results achieved during the research.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

The Paraguay River, show spatial and temporal heterogeneity, due it had many secondary channels, oxbow lakes, baías, corixos floodplains, due to the Flood Pulse. Therefore these sets of factors are important for the aquatic macrophyte structuration on floodplains. This research had as main purpose, to evaluate the aquatic macrophyte of the Paraguay River, from Cáceres to Taiamã Ecological Station into the Pantanal of Mato Grosso State. For so, the sample collects were realized between April of 2008 to April of 2009, covering all the hydrological periods. Therefore on each period it was registered the environmental variables, water and air temperature, water level, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, water electric conductivity, nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and the biological variable: though the cover of the community of water macrophyte, using a square, where was measured the cover degree according to the visualization. With these data were possible to analyze the composition, abundance, diversity and biological way of life. To shown the results of this study, it was separated into two chapters. The first one, The spatial and temporal dynamics of the aquatic macrophytes in the Paraguay river and in the parental lakes . On this were addressed the spatial and temporal dynamics of the structure and composition of the aquatic macrophyte composition and the environmental variables on many lakes with different degree of connectivity with the Paraguay River. The samples collects were realized on 11 neighboring lakes along the Paraguay river, showing three different kinds of connectivity (unconnected, directly connected to river and indirect connected to the river) While into the river the collects were realized onto ten points, downstream to each lake. The limnologic variables show strong correlation with flood pulse. The Paraguay River show high values of dissolved oxygen and pH during dry period and filling water period and the lakes shown high values of conductivity. The directly connected lakes show big richness of species and biologic way of life, and high values of diversity during all hydrologic periods. Eichhornia azurea, Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata were the species who show the biggest abundance mainly in the river. The aquatic macrophyte ordination of the free floating kind showed the biggest abundance during flood in the river and in all hydrological periods in the lakes. The fix floating/emergent dominated on the Paraguay River. The environment studied shown difference during dry and filling period and was grouped on the flood period, when the water levels make the homogenization of the System River, lake and flood plain. The second chapter The functional sectors of the Paraguay river determine the aquatic macrophyte 9 domination , The text show the discussion about the dynamic and the community of the aquatic macrophyte, into three sections of the Paraguay river, which are different in the geomorphology. Where this functional sectors describe the segments of the river differentiated by the changes in the kind of the standard of the Channel flooding area, on the width of the river, in the inclination of the valley, on the sinuosity and on the effect of the confluence of the tributaries with the entry of different water and sediments. The sectors analyzed were: Meander, Straight and transition. On each sector were analyzed the cover the aquatic macrophyte community and the environmental variables of the lakes and the Paraguay river, during dry and flood period. The variable dissolved oxygen (dry period) and water electric conductivity (flood and dry period), analyzed though the ANOVA text, shown exist significant differences between sectors. Analyzing the composition and structure of the aquatic macrophyte community, it was observed that in the meander sector, the lakes, both periods, shown bigger richness and bigger diversity of species in relation to another lakes in another sectors, while the transition sector shown bigger richness and diversity during flood period. Probably these differences are related to the fluvial geomorphology, typical of each sector. The meandric sector is a sector with high sinuosity, which favor a high number of lakes, secondary channels, ancient channels of the river and floodplain. The Paraguay river shown bigger richness and diversity of species on the transition sector, on both hydrological periods, probably due to the presence of many fix floating species and/or emergent. However it is possible to verify that the abundance of Eichhornia azurea and Salvinia auriculata species, on the meandric and transition sectors, enforce the similarity which exists between these lakes during dry period. The lakes of the straight sector are more deep in relation to the another, what probably, favor the high abundance of Salvinia auriculata, make these not similar to another.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

This work was performed aiming to know Braconidae species from the Conservation Unity of Teixeira Soares, Marcelino Ramos/RS and to evaluate it, as a bio-indicator of environmental quality. The material was collected from November/1999 to December/2000, using three Malaise traps, with this distribution: point 1 (degrading area), point 2 (native wood area), and point 3 (gallery forest). 2442 specimens were colected, and an distributed into 23 subfamilies, which Microgastrinae and Rogadinae were the most representative ones. Glyptapanteles, Apanteles and Diolcogaster were the most abundant genera of Microgastrinae, while Aleiodes and Stiropius were the most abundant of Rogadinae. Index of diversity and equitability were used to discuss the richness of Microgastrinae and Rogadinae subfamilies and genera at the three points of collection. Point 3 (gallery forest) was the one which presented the biggest richness and the highest value regarding the level of equitability, as for the subfamilies, as for the genera of Microgastrinae, and point 2 presented the smallest value. Also for Rogadinae, point 3 showed the most abundant fauna; however, the richness was the same in the three points; the value of equitability was highest at the point 1 and slowest at the point 2. The flying activity of Braconidae belonging to the 23 subfamilies was studied at the three points. The peak to the captured coinobiontes occurrence was in December/1999 in all the three points. The peak for the idiobiontes was in April/2000 at the point 1, and in December/1999 and January/2000 at the points 2 and 3, respectively. In order to verify the similarity standard among the collection points, an analysis of grouping was performed, where it was possible to notice that points 1 and 2 presented a higher similarity. Point 3 stands out from the others, because it presents good conditions of original species recovering and it was the point with bigger abundance every month, mostly in spring and summer. Because of better regeneration conditions, this point possibly houses a richer collection of host insects. After the analysis of climatic variables, it can be said that temperature and humidity had influence on the presence of Braconidae in the Conservation Unity Teixeira Soares. Thus, it can be concluded that the community of Braconidae is much more significant in the mentioned CU, and they can be considered as important elements within the insect species of natural areas, because besides maintaining the dynamic equilibrium of ecosystems where they occur, they are bio-indicators of their preservation degree.

The aim of this study was to analyse the physical and chemical characteristics of Tropeiros Lake (Capitólio, MG), located in Piumhi river sub‐basin, a river diverted from the Rio Grande basin to the são Francisco River basin, and to analize the taxonomic composition, abundance, diversity and the size structure of the planktonic microcrustaceans. Physical and chemical variables in the eater were measured in situ by the multiparameter Horiba U10 probe and qualitative and quantitative zooplankton sampling was carried out in both, pelagic and littoral regions of this lake using the plankton net of 69 μm mesh size, on March, 2007. Twenty seven taxa were identified, being 18 Cladocera, 3 Copepoda Calanoida and 6 Copepoda Cyclopoida. Microcrustaceans species composition in Lagoa dos Tropeiros was much more similar to the microcrustaceans composition of the water bodies from Rio Grande basin than to those from São francisco basin. The species Sarsilatona serricauda Sars, 1901 and Microcyclops alius Kiefer, 1935 constitute new records for the state of Minas Gerais biota. The assemblages from of microcrustaceans from the littoral region had higher richness of species, higher alfa diversity, and wider size spectra than the assemblages from the pelagic region. The analysis of the normalized size spectra and linear regression analysis indicated that Lagoa dos Tropeiros has a community away from the stationary state. The accumulated curves of numerical abundance and biomass (ABC curves) were different for the lake regions characterizing the pelagic region as a non‐disturbed compartment and the littoral region as a disturbed system. The gamma parameter derived from rank‐abundance diagram slopes characterized the microcrustacean assemblage of Lagoa dos Tropeiros as typical of a low trophic state environment.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

The Lagoa do Peixe National Park is an important conservation unity, aiming to protect the wetlands, one of the most endangered type of ecosystem in the world. In Southern Brazil around 90% of the wetlands were already lost. The protected ecosystems in the park are ernationally important for biodiversity conservation and it is the unique Ramsar site in Southern Brazil. The existence of areas invaded by Pinus eliotti and the artificial breaching of the lagoon sandbar are severe problems that can threaten the biodiversity in this preservation area. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diversity of aquatic macrophyte present in the park and test some ecological hypothesis about the community diversity of aquatic macrophyte in natural areas and areas under influence of the main problems of the park (pine invasion and the sandbar breaching). To answer this questions a survey was conducted in 32 wetlands situated inside the park between 2007 and 2009. We identified 176 aquatic macrophyte species in the palustrine wetlands of the park. The aquatic macrophyte richness and composition in coastal wetlands are directly related to the isolation degree of these wetlands in relation to the source wetland and other closer wetlands. The wetland area was not a significant factor for the spatial structure of the aquatic macrophyte community. Other determinant factors for the community were habitat diversity and hydroperiod. The influence of those environmental characteristics was different among the macrophyte groups defined as: hydrophytes, palustrine, and amphibious. The presence of pine resulted in a decrease in macrophyte richness, and the species composition in this area is, in a general way, a subset of the species found in natural wetlands. The artificial sandbar breaching did not affect the richness of aquatic macrophytes in the floodplain wetlands of Lagoa do Peixe. However, in this areas affected by the sandbar breaching, the community composition 4 was characterized by a pattern of continuous species replacement during the two-year study. These results provide important information for wetland management in the park.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Estadual de Maringá

The aphids are limiting for various crops, and in the case of the horticulture crops, it has been a problem for the cultivation of Arracacia xanthorrhiza (Bancroft, 1825), the arracacha. This plant, of Andean origin, has been well adapted to these climatic conditions of Southeast Brazil and conquered many consumers, currently representing an important food source due to its taste and nutritional value, thus providing a considerable income to small farmers. It is largely cultivated in the South and Southeast regions in Brazil. Although this culture is considered rustic, aphids has been causing great damage to its development. In the present work, the influence of temperature on the development of Semiaphis dauci (Fabricius, 1775) and Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach, 1843) was studied. The nymphal development period of S. dauci and A. solani on A. xanthorrhiza was of 23.84 and 33.02 days at 10 °C and 6.7 and 10.04 days at 25 °C, respectively. The minimum thermal threshold of development for the nymphal stage of 4.59 and 4.33 °C, the thermal constant 138.12 and 142.86 degrees-days and the approximate upper limit temperature ranged from 25 to 28 and 27 °C, respectively. The life table parameters indicated that temperatures of 22.5 and 25 °C provided the best thermal conditions for the S. dauci population growth, resulting the highest value of intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm=0.15), the lowest average value of the generation of 10.38 and 8.47 days and the shortest doubling times for the population with 4.74 and 4.55 days, respectively. The observed biological aspects indicate that A. solani has great potential for the population growth and a preference for smaller temperatures than S. dauci, and can be considered a potential pest for A. xanthorrhiza. The infestation of S. dauci in this species also causes severe damage to the plant, nevertheless other factors such as formation of dense colonies, lower mobility, and the action of toxins and viruses may also involved.