Repositório RCAAP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

This study aimed to test a pilot recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and to evaluate in this system the effects of the stocking density on the production of species of surubim pintado , Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, and its hybrid with P. reticulatum regarding the effect of stocking density and water renewal rate on the hybrid production. The study lasted for 84 days. The physical and chemical conditions in the RAS was evaluated by measuring water consumption (223,6 L/kg of fish produced), temperature (25,8±0,7ºC), dissolved oxygen (5,33±0,04 mg/L O2 in the water inlet to culture tanks), pH (6,75±0,25), total alkalinity (40,0±20,6 mg/L CaCO3), carbon dioxide (16,6±6,1 mg/L CO2), total suspended solids (8,0±4,2 mg/L TSS), total ammonia nitrogen (0,18±0,10 mg/L NH3-N), nitrite (0,163±0,090 mg/L NO2-) and nitrate (58,0±9,7 mg/L NO3-). To evaluate the fish performance, two experiments were conducted simultaneously. In experiment 1, densities of 40, 80 and 120 fish.m-3 (approximately 8.5, 17 and 25.5 kg.m-3) for the pure and the hybrid lineages were tested using a 3 x 2 factorial design (three densities and two lineages). In experiment 2, only the hybrid lineage was used, and three stocking densities were tested: 20, 40 and 60 fish.m-3 (approximately 9, 18 and 27 kg.m-3) and two water renewal rates (1 L/kg.min-1 and 0,5 L/kg.min-1), using a 3 x 2 factorial design (three densities and two water renewal rates). Fish were fed with extruded food (40% crude protein) at a rate of 2.5% of the body weight per day. For both experiments, daily specific growth rate (SGR), final weight, biomass gain, final density, food conversion, final weight and dissolved oxygen levels at the tank outlet are discussed. In experiment 1, both lineages showed to be adapted to the RAS, but the hybrid lineage had a better performance than the pure lineage. In experiment 2, the highest water renewal rate resulted in a better performance, and an increase in density improved the final production.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Reservoirs of Brazilian semiarid regions are essential to guarantee water supply to the people who live around them, and the multiple uses change the water quality and the communities of these ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dry and rainy periods during three consecutive years on the density and diversity of the prokaryotic community of the water column in the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves dam, besides to analyze the fluctuations on some limnological variables. Dissolved oxygen, water temperature and pH were measured with a multiparametric probe (YSI). Sub-samples to the analysis of total phosphorus, phytoplankton density, bacterial and archaeal density determination, and DNA extraction were taken to the Laboratório de Microbiologia Aquática of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to elucidate temporal shifts on planktonic prokaryotic community of the reservoir influenced by rainy and dry seasons. Bacterial and archaeal abundance and the DGGE band richness were influenced by pluviosity, water temperature, and total phosphorus (TP). Principal components analysis (PCA) showed strong correlations among these variables. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed temporal shifts on Bacterial and archaeal community composition, associated with the pluviosity, reservoir volume, water temperature, and prokaryotic density. This suggests the predominance of factors associated to precipitation events on community structure determination, that is probably composed by persistent and transitory populations. Considering the set of environmental variables, the results indicated two stability moments in reservoir: one moment when the reservoir volume is smaller; and another when the reservoir volume is greater. These stabilities were broken by the rain and by the water loss, respectively.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

The watershed river region that makes up the landscape of the Pardo s watershed has characteristics that make it interesting for the application of landscape studies, since, over the centuries, has been undergoing significant transformations physicalenvironmental and socio-territorial resulting in periods of high participation in the economy of Rio Grande do Sul and even the country (XVIII century), followed by a period of stagnation, beginning in the XIX century and extends to the contemporary. At the dawn of the XXI century, this region faces new challenges of environmental and territorial nature, which materialize in the monoculture of rice, the beef cattle industry and the possibility of reopening the port. The research reported here a historical part of which is to present the specific construction of the state territory - construction that is strongly linked to the city that gives its name to watershed studied - Rio Pardo. This approach aims to highlight how the landscape shapes and reacts to development options or how the rationality of capital ownership and is responsible for the production of space. The methodological procedures, based geospatial allowed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the landscape for the time interval of twenty-two years, which allowed the physical characterization of the river basin (thematic maps of the drainage network, clinografia, and uses hipsometria land for the years 1989, 2000 and 2011) as well as the use of indices for understanding the changes that have shaped the landscape over the years - fragmentation and urbanity. The results indicate that the story and the speed of the process of deforestation associated with the expansion of agriculture, livestock and forestry are considerably modifying the dynamics of the forest or seminatural vegetation remaining in the landscape Pardo s watershed, and such processes are rarely accompanied appropriate conservation strategies. The condition of the remaining natural vegetation Pardo s watershed factors before direct and indirect pressure has to be especially problematic from the standpoint of conservation in the face of evidence of loss of natural landscape. Although the loss of the fragments of natural vegetation in the period from 1989 to 2011, with the replacement of these systems changed by man, is negligible, there is no evidence of the continuation of this trend. With the continued anthropogenic processes the primary question is directed to define the size of the area of natural vegetation in each municipality, inserted within the limits of the Pardo s watershed, which can be converted (changed) for human use, in relation to the condition minimum natural landscape ensured by the existence of functional natural ecosystems. That is, what areas/fragments should be preserved or restored strategically to be reduced pressures on the remaining biodiversity in a given region Pardo s watershed, with the expectation that they are reinstated or provided goods and ecosystem services provided to welfare human. The analyzes in the broad sense, present one of the possible paths to the objectification of subjective relationships established between water, people and landscapes in the Pardo s watershed.

Changes in vectors that indirectly affect biodiversity, including population, technology and lifestyle, may lead to changes in vectors that affect biodiversity directly, including fishing and fertilizer application. This result in changes in ecosystems and services they offer, affecting human well-being. These interactions can occur in more than one scale. Different strategies and interventions can be applied in many parts of this structure in order to ensure the well‐being and conserve the ecosystems. Traditional communities have their way of life related to their living environment, and recently have been studied in order to ensure sustainability with a focus on human well‐being based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, in order to implement the established in the National Politics of Sustainable Development to Traditional Peoples and Communities. This study was conducted at the Fishermen Cooperative and Artisans of Pai André and Bonsucesso (Coorimbatá), which gathers people from the urban area of Cuiabá and riverine communities of Bonsucesso and Pai André, located in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, to assess the strategies adopted by Cooperative for the well-being of the cooperative members and the use of natural resources of local biodiversity. The study s hypothesis is that the way the Cooperative Coorimbatá was structured from the amendment of its Statute in 2000, meets the fundamentals of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment with regard to the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems. It also contributes to creating environments for dialogue and action for the sharing of knowledge between traditional peoples and academics, looking forward the human well-being. The method used to prove whether or not this hypothesis has the qualitative research approach to data sources in semi-structured interviews with the founders of the Cooperative Coorimbatá and fishermen from Bonsucesso and Pai André communities, projects and reports made by Coorimbatá. Within an ergological focus, were also made visits to local fishing community of Bonsucesso, with interviews by the self-confrontation method, to obtain additional information to better understand this phenomenon. The semi-structured interview was made from a questionnaire with questions regarding: life history; Cooperative Coorimbatá meaning; type of work, leaders identification, Cooperative s expectations. Initially, the Cooperative main product was fish, however due to this natural resource is no longer available as it was in previous years, the Cooperative began to add other products in its supply chain as fruits raisins (dried), cassava chips, brazilian nuts and more recently the alligator. Know and reveal the lifestyle of these members, their relationships and interactions with the river are important tools to be used in discussions and implementation of public politics.

The analysis of information from the prosecution of legal instruments allows not only rational underpinning the development of public policies to conserve natural resources, as also promotes the constant improvement of the repressive legislation of conduct considered detrimental to the environment. The objective of this study has been assessing the effectiveness of legal protection models adopted by the criminal law in force in environmental area characterized by full economic development and subjected to intense and constant anthropogenic threats. So, we studied the region of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, northwest of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. We analyze the feasibility of legal instruments for the protection of natural areas on private property and subjected to anthropogenic pressures for land use. The results indicate that the increased demand for areas intended for food production and biofuels represents one of the greatest challenges to the preservation of natural resources in Brazil. The juridical protection is insufficient to guarantee the conservation of natural areas, requiring for the success of conservation strategies the development and implementation of participatory management projects. Withal, we evaluated the effectiveness of the typical structuring technique taken into account by the environmental crimes law in preserving autochthonous fish fauna. The results indicate that the tutelage technique of environmental legislation is effective in controlling fishing activities, mainly due to the high incidence of non-selective means of capture and the prevalence autochthonous species against non-autochthonous (allochthonous and exotics) species. Although environmental legislation constitutes an important tool for protection of natural resources its effectiveness is directly subjected to the development and deployment of other concomitant conservation strategies, particularly the development of comprehensive and active policies, able to overcome the challenge of reconciling the socio-economic interests and conservationist interests.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Identifying the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic factors to the assembly of local communities has been tagged as one of the fundamental questions ecologists need to answer. Niche-based theories predict that the subset of species from the regional pool that occur in a local community presents a trait distribution that has been shaped by biotic and abiotic factors. The neutral theory, on the other hand, predicts that the species that compose the regional pool are functionally equivalent. Local communities formed from stochastic processes would, thus, present abundances not significantly different from those in the species pool. We collected traits on all woody individuals in 100 25m2 quadrats to test if we could predict local abundances using a pool of species and traits. We combined plots into large scale, intermediate scale, and fine scale samples. We used random sampling, spatial distance, soil characteristics, and fire to assemble species in different scales and environmental gradients. In the Brazilian cerrado, fire and nutrient-poor soils are likely promoters of habitat filtering. To test if traits improved the predictions generated by the information present in the pool, we used maximum entropy models coupled with permutation tests. We could accurately predict local abundances of the 73 species in the pool. Dispersal limitation was the main factor assembling communities at all the scales we studied, but the effects of stochasticity became more important as the scale became local. Traits explained little of the uncertainty present in local abundances, but coupled with pool frequencies they yielded large coefficients of determination.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos