Repositório RCAAP

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The paradigm of the rural development through globalization of agricultural markets has affected the diversity of natural resources and, on the condition of the rural settlements, this situation of loss becomes worse seen the heterogeneity of subjects and the existing structural difficulties. This work aims to analyze through native seeds the local conservation of agricultural biodiversity and the management carried out by the settled farmers in Olga Benário Settlement Project located in Sergipe. Two systems of different treatments were identified and, through indicators of low, medium and high levels of agroecosystem analysis was conducted. In large lots, crops which showed more diversity were the fava bean, maize, bean, cowpeas, cassava, bananas, yam and sweet potato. Highlighting the cultures of cassava which showed that seed exchange network established. The absence of an irrigation system and sufficient supply of fertilizer for the production have been identified as limiting factors for further integration of production. Farmers were presented as potential guardians of seeds, as noted in the analysis of the exchange of cassava manivas network which was more significant in relation to other cultures. The construction of Agroecology is seen as the way for the local knowledge reframing agriculture are transmitted, starting with the rescue of native seeds.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

This research was developed in the Cerrado environments located in the municipalities of Chapada dos Guimarães (MT) and Rosario Oeste (MT), to study the abundance of Terrestrial Mammals of Medium and Large Size as well as the use of space by crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous, and the gray brocket deer, Mazama gouazoubira. It was conducted between 2000 and 2004 in four areas: reservoir of Manso hydroelectric powerplant (APM-Manso: 14°52'15" S, 55°47'5"W), Chapada dos Guimarães National Park (PARNA-CG: 15°24'13"S, 55°49'50"W), Comunidade São Jerônimo (CSJ: 15°25'40"S, 55°53'54"W) and Panflora farm (Panflora: 15°4'43"S, 56°33'15"W). Line transects were sampled by car in order to study abundance of mammals. The effort of covering 1560 km allowed registering 14 out of the 21 species expected to occur in the region. The C. thous was the most abundant in all areas, followed by M. gouazoubira, which in turn was less abundant than the pampas deer, Ozotoceros bezoarticus in PARNACG. The results showed differential density of species between the sites surveyed. The study of the use of space by C. thous and M. gouzoubira was performed by equipping adults with conventional biotelemetry radiotransmiters. Research on C. thous was developed in the APM-Manso and Panflora to study the size and overlap of its home range and survival. The species M. gouazoubira was monitored only in the APM Manso with the aim of studying relocated individuals concerning their survival, the displacement pattern in post- releasing, along with the size and overlap of home range. The size of the home range of C. thous of APM Manso ranged from 128 to 1441 ha and whereas Panflora ranged from 20 to 1235 ha. In both sites, home range overlap was practically restricted to pairs of males and females. The deaths of the animals tracked were caused by running over and natural predation, resulting in survival of 26 % in the APMManso and 50 % in Panflora. Of the 19 individuals of M. gouazoubira rescued in APM-Manso, 14 were equipped with transmitters and tracked. The survival was of 60 % and the average distance covered was 11.4 km from the releasing site. The average time to establish home range was 45.6 days, their average size of 111.3 ha and there was no record of overlapping among them.

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

The levels of Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb and Cd were determined in brown sugar from sugar cane produced by different crop systems in the organic and conventional systems. Pb e Cd were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with electro thermal atomization in graphite furnace (GFAA), and the mineral metals Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe were detected but in levels below the limits recommended by the World Health Organization. The brown sugar from the conventional system without limestone but with chemical fertilizer showed the highest concentration of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe, and that from the organic system with liming and organic compost showed the lowest concentrations. The levels of Pb found in samples from: conventional system with organic amendment and chemical fertilizer, and with liming and chemical fertilizer, and from organic system with liming and organic compost were higher than the tolerable limit for the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency for sugar. Cd was never detected. The results indicate the need of constant monitoring studies of the brown sugar produced in organic systems to assure its food safety.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Along its evolutionary history, plants have developed biosynthetic routes to synthesize and accumulate a wide variety of secondary metabolites, which respond to the environment characteristics where they occur. The studies about these compounds effects on nearby organisms constitute the field of allelopathy. Allelopathy is an important phenomenon in plant chemical ecology that involves bioactive compounds, from which one can produce natural pesticides that would be more specific, less harmful to the environment and applied to a model of sustainable agriculture. Drimys brasiliensis Miers is found in the Atlantic Forest and in the Cerrado domain. It s chemically characterized by the presence of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and flavonoids, with great use potential in the pharmaceutical industry. There are few studies about the allelopathic potential of D.brasiliensis and its secondary metabolites to act as natural pesticides, specialy as herbicide or insecticide. Thus, in the first chapter we studied the phytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of D.brasiliensis according to the seasonality and different plant organs. The phytotoxic effect of D.brasiliensis isinfluenced by the period of collection, with more evident activity in leaves collected in the dry season. Aqueous extracts from leaves, roots and stems of D.brasiliensis showed activity on crop plants, and all organs are a promising source in the search of phytotoxic compounds. In the second chapter, we investigated the phytotoxic potential of crude extract fractions from D. brasiliensis roots and leaves on weeds. The inhibitory effects of the root hexane fraction on seedling growth was similar to the herbicide, indicating that D. brasiliensis is a possible alternative form of control for the weed species examined. In chapter three, was carried a bioassay-guided isolation of bioactive compounds present in D.brasiliensis roots. Four drimanes sesquiterpenes were isolated from bioactive fractions of roots, determined as polygodial, polygodial 12 α- acetal, dendocarbin L and (+) fuegin. The polygodial caused phytotoxic effects on wheat coleoptile and on crop and weed species. In the last chapter, the effect of the hexane fraction and polygodial obtained from D.brasiliensis roots was evaluated on Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy (black citrus aphid), and both caused toxicity, with high mortality on nymphs and adults stages of this aphid. The polygodial, isolated for the first time in the roots of D. brasiliensis, may be the primarily responsible for the biological activities detected in this study. The herein presented data allow the indication of this compound as a potential biopesticide.

The process of ecosystem degradation is intensifying, causing changes in the flow of services provided by them, compromising the natural balance, environmental quality and welfare of society. In this perspective, this study proposed in the first chapter, the characterization of areas with vegetation cover in São Carlos, SP, in three scales: the territory of the municipality, the two units of water management and the ten sub-basins Guabirobas, Mogi Guacu, Araras, Cabaceiras, Quilombo, Chibarro, Monjolinho, Pântano, Jacaré-Guaçu e Feijão, by overlapping letters and visual interpretation of satellite images. The territory of the municipality of São Carlos has 28% of its total area with vegetation cover, and 21.6% is in permanent preservation areas (APPs) and of these, 51% are vegetated. Regarding the sources, 40% are protected by vegetation. The indicators show good environmental quality in the Jacaré-Guaçu sub-basin, while the sub-basins of Monjolinho and Mogi-Guaçu have unsatisfactory levels of vegetation cover. The second chapter diagnosed public green areas in the urban area and analyzed their administrative regions, and the percentage of public green areas (PAVP) and the index of public green areas (IAVP) as parameters. We obtained the index of 18,85 m2 of public green areas per inhabitant, characterized as satisfactory when compared to 15m2/inhabitant index suggested by the Brazilian Society of Urban Forestry. However, when regions were analyzed individually arise concern values (lower than desired). The Genebrino method, applied to PAVP and IAVP, made a commendable goal above 40% for urban environmental quality. Given the scenario presented, we proceeded to survey the environmental initiatives of government, ONGs and private agencies to minimize the problems encountered. We found that maintaining ecosystem functions and services provided by areas with vegetation cover in the period from 1977 to 2014, resulted from planting of 58,460 seedling trees, which was the most played in the city. This study, involving the sub-basins and urban perimeter, shows the importance of maintaining the functions and ecosystem services provided by native vegetation areas and amounts calculated for such services as possible to simulate the municipality loses withdraws the vegetation cover or still spend much to get her back.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais