Repositório RCAAP

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

The main objectives were: to study at laboratory some biological aspects the biology of Heterotermes tenuis, by stablishing colonies with couples collected in the field, foraging behavior and the intraspecific agonistic behavior among individuals from different places in area sugarcane, collected by baits. The stablishment of colonies was studied from September/2002 to December/2003, with the installation of 400 baits in of 10.000 m2 sugarcane area, to collect the couples. The collected couples were removed and aconditioned in plastic flasks containing humidified soil and food and maintained in room at 28°C ± 2°C, 70% RU and 12 hours of photophase. Biological studies was systematicaly the colonies for counting alive couples, presence and number of eggs, breeds (workers and soldiers). The couples showed a period of 29 days before oviposition and a number of five eggs/ colony in the first oviposition, in average. The egg measures were 0.68 mm length and 0.36 mm width. The first workers appeared 53 days after the formation of the couples, and the number was four workes/colony. The first soldiers appeared 127 days after the formation of the couples, with an average of 1 soldier/colony. Foraging behavior was studied from 1999, April to 2003, December with the installation of 27 baits in three different places with nine points each. Monthly the baits were removed and a new one were placed. Baits with termites present were carried to laboratory for individuals counting. It was observed that there were significant variances in the foraging activity according to rain precipitation and environmental temperature variations and it was affected, as well, by development cycle and growth of the colony. The maximum foraging activity occures in the autumn and the agricultural pratices as plowing and furrowing for new planting promote a drastic foraging activity redutions in the subsequent years. Intraspecific agonistic behavior of H. tenuis was studied by confrontation tests between places and different points. In each confrontation 20 workers plus two soldiers were placed in a transparent plastic flask (7,0 cm of height x 4,5 cm of diameter) with bottom covered by filter paper and a square of humidified fiberboard (4 cm2) . The evaluations were done 48 hours after the confrontation by counting dead individuals. It was verified that there is intra-specific agonistic behavior in H. tenuis and by means that behavior different colonies can be distinguished and its forraging areas can be delimited in sugarcane areas.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

This work was done at São Carlos city, SP state. In the first and second chapter the experiments were carried out on the seed germination laboratory and experimental garden, from Botany Departament, at UFSCar. The objective of the first chapter was identify differences on seed quality, among four Palmae species, when submitted to accelerated aging. Dypsis lutescens, Euterpe edulis, Phoenix reclinata and Roystonea oleracea were exposed to 0;12; 24; 36 and 48 hours inside the camara at 45ºC and 100% of R.U. After, they were evaluated in relation to germination and seedling vigor in a green house. Dypsis lutescens and Euterpe edulis presented the great sensibility to adverse effects of accelerated aging. The period of 48 hours inside the aging camara was critical for the vigor parameters evaluated for Phoenix reclinata and Roystonea oleracea. The seed size influence on physiological quality and seedling development was determinated in the second chapter. Dypsis lutescens, Euterpe edulis, Euterpe oleracea and Phoenix reclinata were select in relation to seed size and 100 seeds weight. After, the germination and seedling vigor were analysed in a green house. Differences among the species were recorded in relation to the vigor parameter evaluated, and the influence of seed size was confirmed. In the third chapter, the objective was to develop a method to evaluated quail and quantitatively 18 squares from São Carlos city, including basic structures, green areas, conservation and Palmae species, as well as the square history. Several periodic visits were done and people opinion was recorded. Bibliography references, photography records since the past until now were add. The method employed allow to contrast the squares, the plant composition and the identification of Palmae elements. Among the squares were identify the genera: Phoenix, Syagrus, Roystonea, Archontophoenix, Caryota, Dypsis and Livistona. The squares that offer the better structure and green area for the people are: Coronel Paulino Carlos and Dr. Christiano Altenfelder Silva.

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

The city of Villavicencio (Meta, Colombia) has three physiognomic units inside their 131.020 ha of extension: mountains, foothills and savannah. The relief, orographic rain and the tropical temperature have a plenty of abiotic resources, which determine the species diversification. However, human influence is a threat to biodiversity due to deforestation, urban growth and disordered mineral exploration. There are currently 11 species of plants and 62 animal species with some degree of endangerment on the city, distributed in the three physiognomic units. Thus, the objective of this research was to make a proposal to insert biodiversity conservation in the municipal Landplane of Villavicencio. The analyses of usage and land cover between 1988 and 2013 show that the city is leaving the agriculture to one side due to the increasing of extensive cattle ranching, which comes to occupy 58.4% of the territory extending from savannah to the mountain region, where both the fragility of the soil and steep slopes are responsible to cause the loss of natural vegetation cover and accelerate erosion process. These cause the siltation of waterways and threaten the headwaters rivers, where it does the abstraction for human consumption. In parallel, the disorganized sprawl of the urban area follows deteriorating the protected wetlands of the municipality and the current occupation of the territory generates a decrease to the green areas, as well as leisure, home services and mobility. In this scenario, it is proposed to increase the permeability of the countryside and the city, by increasing the quality of the forest fragments and their connectivity by expanding the area of RPA in rivers with water abstraction; recovery of forest cover in conservation units and physiognomic unit in mountain and foothills, along with measures to increase effective public space and mobility, prohibiting conflicting uses in areas with higher environmental fragility of the municipality. These proposals would help for the survival of endangered species and the conservation of local environmental services.

This work proposed an environmental zoning based on the potencialities and fragilities of the use of the land. Its perspective was to subsidize the elaboration of proposals and lines of direction for the re-ordering of the landscape of the municipality of Erechim, contributing to local-regional development. The town is a part of the Geographic Micro-region of Erechim, inserted phisiographically in a portion of Brazil s Southern Plateau in the center of Rio Grande do Sul State. Based on the understanding that spatial order can be an instrument of environmental policy, the landscape was studied through overlapping techniques of thematic maps, aiming to promote the protection of the environment, the presevation of its quality and sustainable usage of its natural resources. The production and analysis of the maps was performed using Geopraphic Information Systems, LANDSAT satelite images and aerial photographs and a cartographic basis. The obtained analysis (mapping of phisycal environment) was subsidized by intensive field work, trying to represent the dynamics and functioning of each portion (units of landscape analysis). The environmental analysis of the area of study consisted in: characterizing the area of study acording to its environmental compartments; analyzing the diferents uses of the land; determining and characterizing the units of landscape analysis; elaborating a proposal for the handding of the landscape (environmental zoning). It was possible to propose actions for reduction of environmental degradation and protection of local-regional biodiversity from the synthesis of these analysis. Although one is aware that the work must be continued, this research represents a first step towards the elaboration of proposals and lines of direction for the space re-ordering of landscape within the concep of environmental planning.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Are there successful composting experiences of municipal solid waste (MSW)? Is it possible to have alternative solutions for urban organic waste different from the conventional model of centralized composting plants? Answering these questions was the main objective of this work. The state of São Paulo was the focus of the research. Methodology included a survey of primary and secondary data of centralized and decentralized composting experiences in São Paulo and semi-structured interviews with managers in face to face, telephone or e-mail contacts. Six modalities of composting and fifteen treatment routes of organic waste with source separation had been identified, as well as factors boosting and restricting the development of composting activities in the State. The results showed the diversity of alternatives for organic waste recovery in urban areas, pointed out gaps that benefit final disposal groups and revealed the lack of public support to the composting activities undertaken by several actors in the State. The study concludes that decentralizing activities, diversifying technological routes of composting and stimulating social, public and private entrepreneurs can accelerate the diversion of MSW from landfills and dumps. Such actions can also contribute to urban and rural agriculture and enable implementation of a rational culture of solid waste management.

Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos