Repositório RCAAP

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

The present work aimed to study the morphology, taxonomy and bionomy of Ablabesmya Johannsen, 1905 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae) species of the State of São Paulo. This genus of world distribution prise 69 species, of which ten are registered in the Neotropical region, however none specifically mentioned for Brazil. The analyzed material derives from three lotic systems (streams and rivers) and seven lentic systems (reservoirs and lakes), which are located in three cities of the State of São Paulo (São Carlos, Luís Antônio and Brotas). The sampling followed the conventional methods of benthonic studies. The larvae were kept alive in the laboratory to obtain the associations between larva, pupa and adult. The identification of the species was based on the original descriptions. The results allowed the identification of eight species, seven of wich are new species and the second record of Ablabesmyia metica Roback (1983) for the Neotropical region and the first one to Brazil, describes the immature stages, unknown before. The new species are described with the respective diagnoses. The ecologic information on the genus are discussed and perspectives for the future studies are mencioned.

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

The Cerrado Domain is the second largest Brazilian phytogeographic province, occupying originally 23% of Brazil s land surface, under seasonal climate. The cerrado presents a floristic and physiognomic variation, ranging from grassland to tall woodland. Anemochorous species are proportionally more important in the cerrado than in Brazilian rain forests, especially in open physiognomies. Morphological designs of wind-dispersed diaspores appear to slow their rates of descent, increasing their chances of exposure to winds and of reaching safe sites to germinate. Wind-dispersed species are constrained to fruit during the best time for seed dispersal. Also, the height of seed release and surrounding vegetation are fundamental to long-distance dispersal. We selected the wind-dispersed species from three phytosociological surveys (disjoint and core sites) and classified them into autogyro, rollingautogyro, floater, or undulator, according to the diaspore morphology and aerodynamic behavior in still air. For each species, we had data on its fruiting period. We tried to assess whether there was a seasonality and, if there was, whether it was synchronized with some climatic conditions. The number of fruiting anemochorous cerrado species was highest at the dry season, coinciding with reduced precipitation. Next, we studied the anemochorous diaspore spectra and index of divergence from species to anemochorous diaspore diversity (IDD) in three cerrado physiognomies (campo cerrado, cerrado sensu stricto, and cerradão) in a disjoint site and three cerrado physiognomies (cerrado sensu stricto) in different floristic pronvinces. There was a floristic unit among the cerrado physiognomies, with the ecotonal ones containing both grassland and woodland elements. Both nuclear and disjoint sites were ecologically similar regarding the species distribution. However, there were differences when species abundances were considered. In denser sites, vegetation reduces wind velocity in ...

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

The studied lake (Lagoa Mayaca) is located in a preservation area at the campus of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos. With the aim of analyzing the dynamic and the taxonomic composition of the Chironomidae, samples were taken through a transversal transect in two different periods (dry and wet season), comprehending the phenological cycle of Mayaca fluviatilis Aublet, 1775. From a total of 27 Chironomidae taxa, it was verified that the most abundant taxa in the dry season were: Cladopelma, Caladomyia sp1, Caladomyia riotarumensis, Djalmabatista pulcher, Ablablesmyia (Karelia), Tanytarsus rhabdomantis e Labrundinia. On the other hand, in the wet season the most representative were: Polypedilum (Asheum), Chironomus, Goeldichironomus, Endotribelos, Tanytarsus rhabdomantis, Caladomyia friederi, Ablablesmyia (Karelia), Labrundinia e Cricotopus. The greater taxonomic richness and number of specimens were registered in the sampled sites where Mayaca fluviatilis was present, indicating that the presence of this macrophyte was very important for structuring the studied community.

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

The Extractive Reserve was initially created as a handling category proposal around 1989, and in 2000 became a direct use conservation unit with the creation of SNUC (National System of Conservation Units). Since then, it has been possible to observe an increasing rise in the number of conservation units of this category, for whom the handling plan must consider - at first instance human population and its exploitation forms. In regards to this, the present work proposes to give an answer to the question who are the extraction workers of the REM (Marine Extractive Reserve) of Corumbau , aiming at granting and directing the above unit s Handling Plan And Multiple Use restructure. To so proceed, social-economic and fishery aspects of the extraction workers were identified, by means of structured and semi-structured questionnaires and analyses based on Shannon- Wiener diversity, Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indexes, as well as Levins niche breadth and overlap. Gathered socio-economic aspects allowed to verify that REM of Corumbau fisherman is within the standards of Brazilian artisanal fishermen. His profile can be defined as: professionally informal fisherman, male, indigenous color and descent, between 21 and 40 years of age, few school years and fishing as main activity. In what concerns the characterization of fishing occupation, the canoe should be mentioned as the most used form of navigation; the main fishery tackles were lines/hooks, gill nets and harpoons. The Bray-Curtis index allowed the division of fishermen communities into three groups, defined in a similarity decreasing order. Fishery activities diversity values varied from medium to high. Nevertheless, niche measures showed tendencies towards specialization and high overlap, due to the predominance of fishing tackles such as lines/hooks, gill nets and harpoons in all studied communities.

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

The present study objected to appraise in vitro the kind of interference that is produced by addicion of leaves extracts Brachiaria decumbens Stapf and Melinis minutiflora Beauv. (exotic species, alien weeds) collected in raining season (12/01/2006) and dry season (10/08/2006) over germination and initial development of Lactuca sativa L. (bioindicator species) and Dalbergia miscolobium Benth. (native species of savanna). It were verified also that pH and osmotic potencial of both B. decumbens and M. minutiflora extracts did not cause interference in seed germination indices. The germination of D. miscolobium was not affected by leaves extracts obtained of material collected in dry season and raining season. The germination speed was more sensitive to action of extracts than germination percentage of L. sativa. The total length of the seedlings was reduced in practically all treatments when, compared with the control group, however significative statistical differences were observed just in above-ground part of the seedlings of L. sativa treated with leaves extracts of B. decumbens collected in dry season. The L. sativa root was stimulated when leaves extracts of M. minutiflora collected in dry season was added in Petri dishes. For seedlings of D. miscolobium the leaves extracts of B. decumbens collected in dry season decreased the length of the above-ground part and the root, and the same was observed for leaves extracts of M. minutiflora collected in the raining season. Anatomy studies of root-tip cells carried of D. miscolobium e L. sativa showed that the extracts of B. decumbens e M. minutiflora cause damage on the root cells of seedlings with different intensities, but the root cells of D. miscolobium, showed alterations most emphasized.