Repositório RCAAP

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

In this study is analyzed the phytophilic Chironomidae assemblages of Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth in two ox-bow lakes (Diogo Lake and Óleo Lake) of the Mogi Guaçu s flood plain (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luíz Antônio, SP, Brazil). The colletion of E. azurea in both lakes were done during two seasons (rain season Nov./2002, Jan./2003, Mar./2003; dry season May/2003, Jul/2003, Oct/2003). From each lake 5 samples were randomly taken (3 were divided into 3 modules and separated the roots from the leafs and 2 were designated to estimate the adults emergency). However the richness and the numeric density were almost the same, the Chironomidae assemblage in the two lakes presented different faunistic arrangements (Psc < 60%), where the tribe Chironomini contributed with more than 20% of the fauna in both lakes. In Diogo Lake, Stenochironomus sp. was the dominant taxon as long as Goeldichironomus spp.> Polypedilum (Asheum) sp. > Beardius sp. were the most abundant taxa in Óleo Lake. These differences exhibited on the macroinvertebrates distribution among the modules and between the macrophyte parts. Diogo Lake had the fauna almost equally distributed on the modules and parts while in Óleo Lake there was a concentration of larvae on the roots and numerical distribution following the age s vegetable gradient. There wasn t observed direct influence of the river s hydrologic cycle on the macroinvertebrates dynamic however it were more numerous during the dry season (Diogo Lake); Óleo Lake presented no differences between the dry and the rain season. The adults (Chironomidae) presented different season pattern in the two lakes. In Óleo Lake, Tanytarsini and Chironomini concentrated its emergency during the rain season; in Diogo Lake just Tanytarsini showed higher emergency in the rain season. The observed differences between the macroinvertebrate assemblages are probably related with the macrophytes density and the morfometric characteristics of these two ox-bow lakes.

Extractive Reserves are an important form of associating the conservation of the natural environment to the maintenance of the related artisanal culture. Besides, local knowledge and practice on the ecological systems are decisive factors for the conservation of both biological and cultural diversity. Here we studied artisanal fishermen from Ponta do Corumbau community, in Bahia/Brazil which is part of the Corumbau Marine Extractive Reserve , created in 2000, to contribute with the execution/implementation of the Reserve Management Plan. The data were obtained through socioeconomic questionnaires applied to 19 fishermen families in 2004 by the team of the Laboratory of Human Ecology and Ethnoecology (LEHE), of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and in two other field surveys (on February 2005 and April 2006when we carried out free and semi-structured interviews, photographic documentation and direct observation, field diary, participation of occasional meetings and informal talks. In Chapter 1, we characterize the artisanal fishermen and the community, the fishing activity and the elaboration of a genealogical tree showing the kinship relation among individuals. The artisanal fishermen are on average 37 years old; 91,4% are male and 8,6% female; 8,6% use sailing canoe, 74,3% motorized boat and 17,1% don't possess any boat; the residences are made of masonry. The main fishing techniques used are the fishing line, shrimp dragnet (called balão ) and the cassoeiro (a kind of gillnet), where the fishing line is the most common technique used. They sell the fresh fish to a cold storage and to two smokers located in the community. In Chapter 2, we approached some aspects of the fishing culture through a visual ethnography, examples include the types of existent boats, the shrimp processing and commercialization, the small fish processing, which comes from the shrimp drag-net, and the fishing line. In Chapter 3, we tried to understand the local practices of the fishermen community. That indicate their adaptation capacity to the present changes in the social-ecological fishing system. The results were interpreted through theories on resilence, adaptative cycles, local knowledge and common property. The obtained information allowed to identify three phases in the dynamics of the socialecological system studied: explotation, subdivided in a first exploratory phase (phase I), represented by canoe fishing before 1990; a phase when local fishermen notice larger disturbance in the fishing system, represented by shrimp capture using drag-nets (balão fishing), intensified between 1990-2000; a reorganization phase represented by the creation of Extractive Reserve, which occurred between 2000 and 2002, and the current exploratory phase (phase II) represented by the application of the Extractive Reserve Management Plan. Those different phases are characterized by elements that strengthen or weaken the resilience of the studied system, and the better knowledge of their dynamics can be useful for the establishment of the shared resources management.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

The situation of the remaining cerrado areas in Brazil is worrisome, and more studies are necessary to establish effective conservation strategies. We studied several aspects of the Woody species in two campo cerrado areas in order to assess the conditions of the vegetation. We placed five permanent 10 x 10 m plots in each area, in which we sampled the woody species in both the upper and lower strata and in the dry and wet seasons. We analyzed floristics, structure, &#946; diversity, regeneration, seasonality and phenology. We did not find significant differences between the two areas in any of the descriptors, and therefore concluded that the &#946; diversity was low. The upper stratum had a higher diversity and evenness than the lower, and was also more stable than the lower in relation to height structure throughout the year. We found no correlation between aggregation patterns and strata, area or season, and most species showed an aggregated pattern of distribution. The logarithmic series model was the better fit for both areas and layers, which predict a large proportion of low-density species. This has implications to the conservation strategies, because these species require large areas to maintain local populations without the risk of extinction. The flowering patterns were different between the strata, and a niche separation could be occurring. None of the species had regeneration problems. We considered that the area assure the reposition of the adult individuals of woody species.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the specific composition of tree, arboreal structure, infestation by climbers, canopy layer and compare the results with other forest fragments and, from these, to form a data bank for monitoring. The forest studied is located in the geographical coordinates S 22º 17 and W 47º 24 . The soil is red-dark Latosoil type and its topography is irregular. The floristic analysis was made by expeditions and phytosociology by quadrats of 10x10m in three blocks. The canopy analysis was made by digital image and the climbers infest by coverage index. It was found 114 species belonging to 40 families and 74 genres. It was sampled 728 alive plants. The species with greater importance value were Trichilia clausenii, Galesia integrifolia, Trichilia catigua, Metrodora nigra e Cariniana estrelensis. The sample canopy coverture presented 70% of the samples with 70% of coverture e only 14% with minor than 50%. 83% of the trees presented any infestation by climber and 60% with indice 4 e 5, that was considered elevated. The greatest infestation occurred at the tree of the canopy layer. The population of pioneer species, in the sucessional classification, presented little number of young plants and the secondary and shade tolerant great number and a complete series of diametric classes.

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos