Repositório RCAAP

Apresentação dos textos que compõe o número 38 do volume 20 de 2018/2 da Revista.

The management of workforce assumes various conigurations. In speciic contexts, the emergence of some structures expanded the relation between capital and labor beyond the objective conditions. Such context emerged in the areas of sugarcane production in the São Paulo State countryside, Brazil, between 1960 and 1990. In one of the world’s largest sugar and ethanol mills – the São Martinho Mill – the granting of housing, the appropriation of family labor and the relationship between employers and employees took on a distinct, multifaceted logic, far from what is commonly found in the universe of rural world. The present study is the result of ield research in which we retrieve the trajectory of workers whose families have been linked for generations to the São Martinho Mill. We sought to highlight the particularity of the relations established there in within a speciic time cut, the perception of these relations between the workers and the reasons that led to inevitable disappearance of such relations.

Michel Foucault, in the text “Un Plaisir si Simple”, shows us that the misery of the modern love is based on the psychoanalytic resignification of the Christian remorse. On the other hand, Judith Butler explains, when she problematizes the relation between the psychoanalysis and the heterosexual matrix, that love is melancholic and that the mechanism of the melancholy constitutes the gender identity. According to Butler, the melancholy seems to have two dispositions, one structured and another deviant. The structured melancholy ensures the “healing” of the sexual deviations by applying the phallic codes to the desire of the subject. Conversely, the deviant melancholy would be linked to the subversion of the heteronormativity. On this basis, we are interested in questioning in what extend the Foucauldian interpretation of the pleasure concerning to the love transgressions is articulated to the deviant disposition of the Butlerian melancholy; and, finally, we would like to indicate some links between the creative melancholy and the ancient ethics of the care of the self.

This article presents the results of an empirical analysis of the perception of autonomy at work among independent translators in two countries: France and Brazil. Our aim is to speculate whether the autonomy and independence of translators, apart from being a real process – previously noted in the literature – of fragilization and precariousness, could be considered a mutation of the value of labor in modern capitalist societies. The concept of autonomy is discussed, and then an analytical framework is constructed for examining the perception of autonomy at work relating to three dimensions: 1) operational; 2) identitary; and 3) social. The translation markets and their professional regulations in both countries are presented. Then, based on the developed framework, we carry out an analysis of the in-depth interviews conducted with the translation professionals in Brazil and in France. The results are presented at the end of the article, giving rise to a reflection on the perceptions of autonomy in the contemporary context of labor activities, from a perspective inspired by Axel Honneth’s theoretical work.

In 2011, the French historian Jean-François Sirinelli published the article “L'histoire politique du ‘transnational turn’; l'agora, la Cité, le monde...et le temps”. The author discussed the place of Political History at the “transnational turn”. Jean-François Sirinelli is considered one of the greatest intellectuals that aimed to renew the French historiography in the 1980’s, in what has been called the “new political history”. In this sense, the text above mentioned can be considered "an answer" to the new trends that have changed traditional questions and that have also proposed new historiographical approaches. This article aims to evaluate the ideas of this author and confront them with the Global History agenda in order to suggest new possibilities of research in Political History to overcome eurocentrism and the methodological nationalism.

This paper uses the scientific field of Conflict Studies, within the framework of Peace Research. It is based on a philosophic conception of the “human condition” and is guided by the notions of empowerment and recognition as tools suitable for the pacific transformation of conflicts. It also looks at the relation of the doctrine of recognition with the problem of inequality and with a political philosophy of justice. It maintains that one cannot separate policies of recognition, more closely linked to identity and culture, from policies of justice, more attent to the pacific transformation of human inequalities, poverty, indigence, marginalization and exclusion. As an example of this proposal, it uses the most recent report of the United Nations Human Development Program.

The article analyzes the academic debate of the Social Work in Latin America regarding the social-environmental issue. The academic space of dialogue studied was the Latin American Seminars of Schools of Social Work occurring between 1998 and 2012. During this period, five seminars were held, presenting more than 1,000 studies. The research examined these studies, separating the works that directly addressed the socio-environmental issue in order to: a) identify the most used (theoretical or contextual) concepts; b) determine the predominant social and environmental problems studied; and c) learn about the fields of professional action. The results showed the Social Workers commitment to elaborate an academic and political position facing the extractive and capitalist logics that affect much of Latin America, particularly the rural and indigenous communities. The findings pointed out the need to broaden the disciplinary narratives in place, aiming to gain space in the global debate.

This article carries out bibliographical research and analyzes the situation of the Brazilian workers in the context of the current national economic crisis, demonstrating an increase in unemployment rates after the approval of the 2017 labor reform by the National Congress. The economic analysis shows that the reform (considered here a counter-reform) was a measure of counter-trend planned by the capitalists to cope with the fall in profit rates. The trade unions’ struggle was not able to avoid the regressive changes in the Brazilian labor legislation, which deteriorate the labor contracts and the living conditions of the working class.

In order to investigate the discourses about Physics class of high school students from a state school in São Paulo, focus groups were organized with first and third grade volunteer students from that same school. Data were recorded using audio recordings which were transcribed for analysis guided by notions of Orlandi's theory of French Discourse Analysis. The comprehension of the data provided different perspectives on the discourses about the Physics classes of the students who participated in the research and its relationships with the classroom methodologies. The analysis indicated discourses that raise the meaning of Physics classes that are affiliated with methodologies that prioritize the accumulation and memorization of content, equations and quantitative exercises. These are classes in which there is no stimulus to questions and debates; thus Physics is understood as an irrefutable scientific truth. Under these conditions, the main agent of the classes is the teacher and the subjectivities of the students are discredited, as well as the social, historical, political and cultural qualities of Physics itself. On the other hand, there are discourses of students who experienced Physics classes in which teachers employed methodologies that provide a more active participation of students, making them show greater interest in this subject.

This article seeks to identify the elements that are establishing a new perspective in the handling contemporary social conflicts. It is based on the recognition of the limits of the reactive paradigm, characteristic of modernity in relation to criminal issues, which is based on the formal and dogmatic logic of government normativity. On one hand the crisis in this paradigm has led to the reappearance of a punitive approach, and proposals to increase punishments that are no longer seen as a retribution for a crime or a way to reinsert the individual into society. Punishments have often become mechanisms of pure and simple contention and suppression of rights in name of efficiency and combating crime. On the other hand, many experiences are appearing in public safety administration based on citizen participation, and on the engagement of civil society in policies for social inclusion and public control of police activity and of the penal system.

In dialogue with Axel Honneth I analyse the challenges of recognition in intimate relations in the light of qualitative researches about nowadays romantic love conduced with heterosexual men and women from middle and high middle classes. The researches highlighted the ambiguities which resulted from the growing process of individualization and democratization of gender relations in intimacy. Although recognition in intimate relationships is important for men and women, women manifested very explicitly the deficit of recognition in these relationships – either unrecognition, precarious recognition or misrecognition. I emphasize the forms of female emotional suffering originated from the institutionalization of the sexual field, which splitted sex from emotional involvement, spotting the dilemmas and contradictions of female sexual liberty. If, on the one hand, Honneth’s normative reconstruction of intimate relations can throw light on the tacit moral rules of love interactions and the importance of love for a moral theory of a “good life”, on the other hand it overestimates the potentialities of recognition at the intimate sphere. Additionally, I intend to show the ambivalences of the “new feminism”, as well as the limitations of the contemporary studies on gender and sexuality that emphasize “non-normative” sexualities and the deconstruction of gender binarism, which contradictorily contribute to eclipse gender differences on love and sexuality and, then, hinder the perception of female suffering.

The present article proposes the investigation of formal characteristics of verbal-visual textualities, more specifically comics and modern visual poetry, as a possible starting point for the reflection on its use in the creation of digital poems. In this sense, a brief analysis will be carried out on some basic characteristics of the digital literature as the overflow of signifiers and meanings and the idea of excess and excessiveness. Then, brief comparisons between the digital text and the characteristics of modern visual poetry and comics will be made, as a means of thinking aesthetic propositions for digital poems that at the same time maintain analogue page characteristics but which can aggregate impossible proposals outside the digital medium, create works that use a potential infinite page.

This paper examines the symbolic dimension of legal discourse as a constructor of realities, among the institutions linked to the professions of social work. It demonstrates that the technically based opinions of these agents are transformed into reports that can corroborate judicial decisions, contributing to the construction of social concepts about the population. At the same time, it analyzes the distinct forms of experiencing the law among an expressive portion of Brazilian society that have a specific subjectivity. To do so, it studies the factors that mark the separation between formal law on one hand, and the uses and customs practiced daily by the majority of people, on the other. Finally, it examines the reasons for which Brazilians identify much more closely with informal norms, established by experiential groups and accepted by the majority, than with formal laws. This informally structured legislation reveals the obedience to implicit codes, not officially legalized.

In this paper, we seek to revisit the debate between Honneth and Fraser about the concepts of recognition and redistribution under two different perspectives. On the one hand, we will try to verify the echoes and the consequences of this discussion in the works of these two authors after the book-debate of 2003. Thus, if it is true that the central divergences between them remained, it is also a fact that there was an approximation between their ways of conceiving the sources of injustice in contemporary societies. On the other hand, in the spirit of critical theory, that both Honneth and Fraser claim inheritance, we will try to discuss how this debate dialogues with the recent trends of the black movement, showing by this way that this debate is both theoretical and political.

The problem presented in this paper is an integral part of a transdisciplinary research project that analyzes the concerns of communities with criminality. The municipality of São Leopoldo is used as a reference in the analysis of the culture of fear related to young offenders. The municipal data reveals that the city has the highest rate of imprisonment of adolescents and the lowest proportion of non custodial measures in the region. These factors, in combination with a lack of information about these methods, place these youngsters in permanent risk of incarceration. In this light, the paper discusses the concepts of vulnerability and social inclusion. It proposes that one of the challenges to non custodial measures is that of social image, in which the poor offending adolescent is defined as a specific type of marginal figure, as a result of the difficulty in distinguishing between belonging and inclusion, between those within and those on the outside, between the exception and the norm.

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This study seeks to critically examine the conditions under which the state can provide for the education called for in measures and punishments issued to adolescents involved in legal conflicts. It analyzes the problems and limitations caused by reducing the search for solutions to these issues to the activity of the State, through access to the courts, the Judicial System and to administrative care agencies, as the only sources of rights and of a guarantee of rights. It points to the negative consequences of using education as a final goal of the applicable measures and punishments in the juvenile court models in vigor, both in Spain and Brazil. Based on this critical analysis, a broad debate is suggested, which involves the parts directly involved in the conflict in the construction of emancipatory alternatives based on the democratization of responses that go beyond the juridifciation of life and the judicial resolution of conflicts.

Presentation of special Issues.

Interview with Mário Laranjeira.