Repositório RCAAP

Starch is the most important carbohydrate storage in plants. It is a raw material with diverse botanical origins, and is used by the food, paper, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile and other industries. In this work, native starches of Paraná pine seeds (pinhão) (Araucária angustiofolia, Bert O. Ktze) and european chestnut seeds (Castanea sativa, Mill) were studied by thermoanalytical techniques: thermo-gravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as X-ray powder patterns diffractometry. Apparent and total amylose content was also determined.

O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e validação de um método analítico por CLAE/DAD para a detecção da 7-hidróxi-4',6-dimetóxisoflavona em culturas de células em suspensão e calos de Dipteryx odorata cultivados in vitro. Os parâmetros de validação: curva analítica, linearidade, precisão, recuperação, limite de detecção e limite de quantificação foram avaliados e os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o procedimento analítico proposto para a detecção e dosagem desta isoflavona está dentro dos parâmetros recomendados pela RE899/03-ANVISA, podendo ser utilizado para o controle de qualidade de culturas de células cultivadas in vitro desta espécie vegetal.

The current study aims to verify the best method for a rapid and efficient extraction of flavonoids from Alpinia zerumbet. Dried leaves were extracted using distillated water and ethanol 70% by extraction methods of shaking maceration, ultrasonic, microwave and stirring. By the application of TLC and reversed-phase HPLC techniques the rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide were detected. Ethanol 70% was more efficient for flavonoids extraction than water. No significant yielding variation was verified for ultrasonic, microwave and stirring methods using ethanol 70% (11 to 14%). The relative concentration of rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, respectively, was higher by ultrasonic (1.5 and 5.62 mg g-1 dried leaves, respectively) and by microwave (1.0 and 6.64 mg g-1 dried leaves) methods using ethanol. Rapid and simplified extraction proceeding optimize phytochemical work and acquisition of secondary metabolites.

The physico-chemical properties of the new 3d-4f heteronuclear complexes with general formula LnCu3(C11H8N2 O4Br)3·13H2O (where Ln = Pr, Eu, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb and H3(C11H8N2 O4Br) - 5-bromosalicylideneglycylglycine) were studied. The compounds were characterized by elemental, spectral and thermal analyses and magnetic measurements. The formation of Schiff base is evidenced by a strong band at ca. 1646-1650 cm-1 attributable to C=N stretching mode. The presence of water molecules is confirmed by broad absorptions with maximum at 3360 - 3368 cm-1. The Cu(II)-Ln(III) complexes are stable up to ca. 318 K. During dehydration process the water molecules are lost probably in two stages. The magnetic susceptibility data for these complexes change with temperature according to the Curie-Weiss law.

Pheochromocytomas are uncommum tumors arising from the medular adrenal gland, which diagnosis is generally made at the necropsy. These tumors promote cardiac arrhythmias (increase), systemic hypertension and other clinical alterations that are attributed to the increase of the amount of catecholamines released by the tumor cells. This is a case of a fifteen years old female mongrel dog, brought to the Veterinary Hospital at UniABC, whose main complaint was intense itch, sleeplessness and considerable weight loss (12 kg in less than 3 months). The clinical examination showed bilateral mydriasis and deep cutaneous ulcer with muscle exposition, bilaterally in the toracic wall. Abdominal ultrasonography presented two oval solid formations, well-circunscribed, located next to the great vessels and at the cranial edge to left kidney, heterogeneous hipoecogenic aspect, with circumscribed inner anecogenic areas compatible with neoplasic formation in the left adrenal gland with metastases in the regional lumph node. The eletrocardiogram presented alternating wave "t" compatible with increase of cathecolamines. Two global masses of 2 and 4 cm diameter were removed, which was located cranialy to the left kidney, on the great vessels. Grossly, there were small circumscribed brown regions. The average arterial pressure during the surgery was of 150 mmHg and it fell down to 60mmHg during laparorraphy. During the first week after the surgery the dog started to sleep, was more calm and the itch almost disapeared. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was established with complementary examinations and concluded after the surgical removal and histopathologic examination.

The research, developed in a swine production system, examined the effectivity of luteinizing hormone (LH) in ovulation induction. Twenty four sows compose the control group and tirthy two sows received intramuscular aplication of 600 IU of eCG (Novormon 5000®), 24 h after weaning and 5 mg of LH (Lutropin - V ®), 56 h after eCG injection (treated group). Oestrus were observed twice a day, the ovulation detected by transcutaneous ultrasonography and ovulation rate (OR) determined by corpora lutea counting. The weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) were reduced (P=0,01) by treatment (87,4 vs 98,5 h). The ovulations occured among 32 and 48 h (37,25 ± 3,65) after LH and were diferent (P < 0,0001) of control (63,67 ± 20,22, range: 32 - 104 h). The OR of treatment was similar (P = 0,2) on the control (23,16 ± 12,19 vs 20,08 ± 5,19, respectively).

Two hundred fifty four sows Camborough 22 (PIC®), were divided in 3 treatments: T 1 (n=60) - 600 UI of eCG after weaning and 5 mg of LH, after 72 h, with single artificial insemination (AI) (24 h after LH); T 2 (n=95) - same hormonal treatment of T1, with 2 AI (24 and 32 h after LH); T 3 (n=99) - control group, with 3 AI. The averages of weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) in T1, T2 and T3 were of 87,4 ± 3,0 (87 - 111), 87 ± 0 (87) and 99,9 ± 13,6 (63 - 135) h, respectively, been reduced (P < 0,0001) by gonadotropins. The duration of estrus (DE) were of 44,3 ± 8,78 (12 - 60), 41,3 ± 9,77 (24 - 60) and 60,1 ± 10,22 (36 - 84) h, respectively for T1, T2 and T3, showed lower (P < 0,0001) in treated sows. Fourteen of 155 sows that received gonadotropins (9,03 %) didn't show oestrus. Among these, 10 return to estrus, denote 40% of the total returns. The diferences in LH to ovulation interval (LH-OV) among control group (56,1 ± 15,91, range: 21 - 93 h) and treated groups (35,7 ± 6,07 in T1 and 35,5 ± 6,06 in T2, range: 30 - 42 h) were significant (P < 0,0001). The litter size (LS) were of 10,6 ± 3,25 (2 - 16) in T1, 11,3 ± 3,0 (4 - 20) in T2 and 11,6 ± 2,74 (4 - 18) in T3, while the same demonstred number of piglets born alive (BA) of 9,6 ± 3,14 (2 - 16), 10,5 ± 2,83 (1 - 18) and 10,5 ± 2,73 (4 - 16). In both TL (P = 0,11) and NV (P = 0,06) there weren't any diference. The farrowing rate (FR) in T1, T2 and T3 were, respectively, 76,67 %, 88,42 % and 91,92 %, been diferent between T1 and T3 (P = 0,01). The gonadotropins were effetive in the ovulation induction and synchronization; the use of 2 AI maintained the reproductive index and, however the single AI do not show significance in LS, there is necessity of new reserchs in this area.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência de leptospirose em cães errantes da cidade de Patos, Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido durante o período de fevereiro a abril de 2003, com a colheita de 130 amostras de soro canino. O diagnóstico da leptospirose foi determinado pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica, utilizando-se uma coleção de 22 variantes sorológicas. Para a caracterização dos sorovares mais prováveis, levou-se em conta a titulação e a freqüência. A prevalência encontrada foi de 20%, com maior frequência dos sorovares autumnalis (20%), pomona (17,5%), grippotyphosa (10%) e patoc (10%).

A bladder retroflexion was reported in Blastocerus dichotomus at The Veterinary Hospital of FCAV Jaboticabal-SP. A pregnat female from University breeder showed a retal and bladder prolapse. A cesarean were applied but not sucsseful for both. Then, the female was euthanized because the bladder had no conditions to be back again.

Foram selecionados 48 Curimbás (Prochilodus lineatus) e hipofisados com extrato de hipófise de frango (EHF), extrato de hipófise de coelho (EHCo) e o controle com extrato de hipófise de carpa (EHC). Os animais foram induzidos, aleatoriamente, com os tratamentos arranjados em um fatorial de três hormônios e três semanas. Animais tratados com EHF, EHC ou EHCo produziram, em média, 0,65, 0,45 e 0,20 mL de sêmen, respectivamente, havendo diferença (P;0,05) quando comparados com os machos induzidos com EHF. Prochilodus lineatus induzidos com EHF mostraram motilidade espermática progressiva superior (P;0,05) aos tratados com EHC ou EHF. Quanto ao vigor espermático, os machos responderam de forma semelhante (P>;0,05) para os três indutores utilizados, sendo em média, 2,75 pontos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o EHF apresentou eficiência semelhante ou melhor do que o tradicional EHC. Entretanto, o EHCo necessita de mais pesquisas, visando testar hipófise de animais mais idosos.

Com o objetivo de descrever técnica laparoscópica para a realização de colopexia em cães, comparando os resultados de dois distintos fios de sutura, os autores utilizaram 10 animais separados em dois grupos de igual número (GV e GP). Nos do GV, a colopexia foi realizada com fio de poliglactina 910 3-0, enquanto no GP empregou-se polipropileno de igual espessura. Para o procedimento, os caninos foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e submetidos a pneumoperitônio com CO2 na pressão de 12mmHg. Foram introduzidos quatro trocartes, dois de 5mm e dois de 10mm, nas regiões umbilical, lateral direita e esquerda. O cólon descendente foi apreendido com pinça Babcock e submetido a incisão seromuscular de 2,5cm na superfície antimesentérica. Procedeu-se a incisão semelhante no músculo transverso abdominal, paralelamente à linha alba. As margens correspondentes das feridas do intestino e da musculatura abdominal foram aposicionadas com suturas contínuas simples. No 14º dia pós-operatório, os caninos foram submetidos a laparoscopia para as avaliações da cavidade peritoneal e das aderências produzidas, bem como para as coletas de biópsias. Constatou-se permanência da colopexia em todos os animais e a fixação do omento na região da sutura em 60% e 100% dos representantes do GV e do GP, respectivamente. Ambos os fios demonstraram adequabilidade; contudo, a sutura foi realizada mais facilmente com a poliglactina 910, graças à sua menor "memória". Na histologia, observou-se que a deposição de tecido conjuntivo foi semelhante entre os grupos, sendo que em todos os casos o colágeno apresentava-se maturo. Pode-se concluir que a técnica laparoscópica proposta é adequada para a realização de colopexias em cães.

This work aimed to study the proportion of connective tissue in the fraction right and left of the ventricular heart muscle of equine PSI, searching, through of the morphometry, data in the interrelation between the connective tissue and the muscular tissue, for the knowledge of the functional relationships of the heart structure. It was used equine hearts, males, between 20 and 120 old months, without heart alterations. The material originated from of the medial portion of the ventricle from both the right face and the left, according to the conventional techniques and stained with Picrosirius red, Fucsina-Paraldeido associated to Gomori's Tricrome and Masson's Tricrome, to show of the connective fibers. The sheets were analised using Axioscópio Zeiss® coupled to the program of analysis of images KS-400 Zeiss®. The amount of connective tissue in the left ventricle varied from 0,008 to 24,695%; in the right ventricle it varied from 0,029 to 20,921%; in the hearts of equine PSI. The obtained results show that there is a complex net of connective fibers involving the fibers of muscle tissue of the heart and that their amount and disposition is very varied, depending on the studied area, younger animals exhibit low amount of connective tissue, also depending on their physical activity.

The present work aimed to verify the effects of Baypamun®HK on the survival of albinic mice, experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii RH strain, treated or not with sulfadiazine-pirimetamine, as well as on the formation and the number of brain cysts. Four groups of 20 mices were inoculated with 10(5) tachizoites, subcutaneously, and undergone to different treatments. Serum tests were carried out by indirect immunofluorescence and samples of brain, liver and lung were collected from animals who died for cytological and brain cysts examinations. After 60 days, all survivors were sacrificed. Isolated Baypamun®HK didn't present a protective action against the infection by T. gondii, but its association sulfadiazine-pirimetamine, a specific treatment caused a higher survival of animals and a more intense and longer antibody responses.

Nosso propósito foi avaliar o presente, através do estudo de caso, onde analisamos o Programa da Disciplina de Anatomia Topográfica e interpretamos a extensão, profundidade e adequação destes conteúdos, a partir da observância do interesse ou não de ministrá-los, como base para a clínica, cirurgia, tecnologias e outras áreas de atuação na formação do Médico Veterinário generalista, onde a anatomia se faça presente. Procuramos refletir sobre a contextualização de tais ensinamentos em relação às exigências do mercado de trabalho cada vez mais competitivo e instável. Através da análise documental e entrevistas semi estruturadas, chegou-se a um consenso de que seria necessário adequar as informações entre os ciclos básico e profissional, implantar uma forma de ensino mais participativo, onde o aluno constrói sua aprendizagem e avaliação, utilizando uma proposta pedagógica que inclua as tecnologias educacionais e a extensão universitária.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that exerts a variety of toxic effects, chronic and acute, in exposed organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the carcinogenic potential of Cd in the palatal and gingival epithelium of Wistar rats. Two groups of animals were studied: group 1 consisted of 5 rats exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in drinking water (300 mg/L) for 6 months; group 2 also consisted of 5 rats placed in the same conditions as those of group 1, but kept free of Cd for 6 additional months. Two other groups (C1 and C2) with the same number of animals, but not exposed to CdCl2, were used as a control for groups 1 and 2, respectively. All animals were weighed before and after the experimental period. After animals being killed, tissues of interest were fixed in solution of 10% formalin, processed by standard histologic techniques, stained with HE, and analyzed under light microscopy using karyometric and stereologic parameters. Loss of body weight, atrophy of the gingiva and soft-palate epithelium were the principal findings of this study, and verified only in the group 1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, at the concentration tested, Cd presented no carcinogenic effect on the oral tissues within the experimental time period.

This study was aimed to achieve a better comprehension of the epidemiological aspects of leptospirosis in the Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo. From 1996 to 1999, blood samples were collected from 302 wild animals that were submitted to the Veterinary Division of the zoo for routine procedures. Positive Microscopic Aglutination Test were obtained from them 59 animals were positiv (19,5%) . The most frequent sorovars were copenhageni ( 15/59 = 25.4%), pomona (13/59 = 22%) and castellonis (10/59 = 16.9%). According to the orders and families of examined animals, the most frequent serovars were: Order Primate : copenhageni (13/25 = 52%), castellonis (5/25 = 20%) e grippotyphosa (2/25 = 8%). Family Felidae pomona (12/17 = 70.5%), icterohaemorrhagiae (2/17=11.7%) e grippotyphosa (1/17 = 5.8%). Family Cervidae : mini (1/1 = 100%). Family Bovidae : copenhageni (2/3 = 66.6%), pomona (1/3 = 33.3%). Order Rodentia : castellonis (2/3 = 66.6%). Family Macropodidae : sentot (1/1 = 100%). Family Girafidae : castellonis (1/1 = 100%). Free living specimens of the Muridae ( Rattus norvegicus ) and Didelphidae ( Didelphis marsupialis) families were also examined for Microscopic Aglutination Test and bacteriologic culture. Positive serologycal and bacteriologycal tests for Icterohaemorrhagiae serogrup were found in rodents, such as rats (3/7 = 42.8%) and opossum 2/5 = 40%). These strongly suggest that free-living rodents play na important role in the leptospirosis transmition inside the Zoo. Two specific areas, Extra Sector 1 and Feline Alley were considered critical due to the major proportion of seropositives animals. The possible reasons and these findings were sugestive for the profilatical procidures for the control of the Leptospirosis at the São Paulo Zoo were discussed.

The influence of the route of inoculation on the development of the leptospiral infection was investigated in 60 hamsters (Mesocricetus auratos) experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. The routes of inoculation were intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, oral, conjuntival and scrapped skin. All animals received the leptospiral inoculum cultivated in Fletcher's medium, with 20 to 30 leptospires per field under 200x magnification. The controls were inoculated only with Fletcher's medium. Samples of blood sera and the kidney fragments were collected in the agonic stage of the disease or at 21st experimental day, when all survivors were killed. The antibodies detection was done by the microscopic agglutination test and the bacteria detection by the dark field microscopic examination and culture in Fletcher's medium, by the tenfold dilutions technique. The presence and development of disease was affected by the route of infection. The oral route was the less effective for promoting the disease. There was no association between the frequency of carrier state and the route of infection.

The humoral immune response of cattle vaccinated with inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) using the association of dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride (DDA-chloride) and aluminum hydroxide (vaccine B) as adjuvant, was compared with the same antigenic formulation adsorbed with only aluminum hydroxide (vaccine A). The neutralizing antibodies titers were assessed two weeks after the second vaccine dose. The animals that received vaccine B had better humoral responses than the calves vaccinated with vaccine A. The mean titers of neutralizing antibodies, expressed in Log2, for the calves that received vaccine B was higher to those observed in group vaccinated with vaccine A. These results show that the inclusion of DDA chloride in vaccine formulations adsorbed with aluminum hydroxide determine a better humoral immune response in cattle vaccinated with BVDV inactivated.

The anatomy of peri-callosum arteries and its branches were studied in Cebus apella monkeys. Thirty cerebral hemispheres were dissected under magnifying glasses. After having been injected with coloured latex (neoprene 450) and fixed in formaldehyde solution at 10%. The peri-callosun arteries of bath antimeres represent terminal bifurcation branches of the inter-hemispheric artery in four different dispositions. Its branches were distributed in the following cerebral regions: a branch in the fronto-polar region; from one to branches in the superior frontal region; from one to four branches in the post-central region. In this sector, the artery contributed to vascularize the pre and post-central regions, where its branches are located obove the inter-hemispheric artery branches. It demonstrates a rich vascularization in this cortical area. The peri-callosum vessels ends up by distributing themselves in the medium parietal region of the encephalon.

Várias plantas nativas do bioma Cerrado são utilizadas como plantas medicinais. Dentre elas, o pequi possuí ação moluscicida utilizada no combate a esquistossomose. Objetivamos neste trabalho a verificação da toxicidade de frações de pequi sobre outros organismos aquáticos, antes da utilização destas em mananciais. Para isso, analisamos alterações no índice mitótico das células epiteliais das brânquias de Guaru (Poecilia vivipara) expostas às frações da folha e da casca do caule de pequi extraídas com acetato de etila. Constatamos que nenhuma das frações se mostrou letal aos peixes. Os animais expostos à fração acetato de etila da folha não apresentaram modificações significativas no índice mitótico em relação ao grupo controle, mas os animais expostos à fração acetato de etila da casca do caule apresentaram aumento do índice mitótico das células epiteliais em duas regiões dos filamentos branquiais. Desta forma, a fração acetato de etila da folha poderia ser utilizada como moluscicida em mananciais, enquanto que a fração acetato de etila da casca do caule necessitaria passar por outros testes mais específicos.