Repositório RCAAP

Neste estudo foram analisadas ficha clínica e radiografias simples de cães com diagnóstico de subluxação atlantoaxial congênita, obtidos junto ao Serviço de Radiologia do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, no período de janeiro de 1990 a dezembro de 1999. Durante este período, foram identificados sete cães com alterações do processo odontóide do áxis (agenesia ou hipoplasia), levando à instabilidade da articulação atlantoaxial e conseqüente compressão medular. Todos os animais, com idade igual ou inferior a um ano, apresentavam sinais neurológicos. O diagnóstico definitivo foi firmado mediante as alterações observadas em exame radiográfico simples.

In Brazilian cattle-breeding, the vaccination against the foot-and-mouth disease virus is essential during the early stages of disease erradication programmes. In spite of the official control on the vaccine quality, thecnical variables, as manipulation, transportation and conservation by the consumer, dosage, place and manner of inoculation that interfere with the immune response, remain unmonitered and are the concerns that guide this study.Titers of neutralizing antibodies to the foot-and-mouth disease virus were established in microtitration plates with BHK-21 cell culture, calculated in decimal logarithm, in sera from cattle vaccinated according to the protocol presented. Among 25 animals of the first group, the mean antibody titers were 2.37 and 2.19, respectively, 30 and 180 days after the inocculation of a vaccine manipulated by specialized people, adopting all the recomended technical cares. Another group, with 140 cattle from 5 different farms, showed mean antibody titers of 1.66 and 1.51, respectively, 30 and 180 days after the inoculation of a vaccine manipulated without technical monitoring and by unspecialized people. Finally, a third group with 10 unvaccinated animals had mean antibody titers of 0.82 and 0.81 respectively, 30 and 180 days after the inoculation of a placebo. So, only the control of the vaccine quality was not enough to give to the herds satisfactory protection against the foot-and-mouth disease virus, since the literature considers that, in herds with a mean titer of 1.52, 50% of the animals are protected, and 70% of the animals in herds with mean titer of 1.70 are protected for a period of 7 months.

This study aimed to investigate the incidence of the influenza virus, and its interspecies transmission cycle among horses. A comparative serological survey was performed using horse sera following challenge with both specific (equine) and non-specific (human) influenza virus strains. Bleedings of the 22 horses were performed during the years 1999 and 2000. Following treatment with kaolin (20%), added in rooster erythrocytes suspension (50%), for removal of non-specific antibodies, sera were titered against both Human and Equine Influenza virus, by the Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay(HI), recommended by WHO. The HI results of horse serological responses demonstrate cross reaction between both the specific strain, A/Eq1 (H7N7) ( 62.75%) and A/Eq2 (H3N8) (60.65%), and the non- specific strains, type A (H1N1) (79.5%) and A (H3N2) (94.45%) and type B (77.75%). It was noteworthy the high percentage of protection responses in equine sera aginst the non-specific strains, as compared with the specific strains. This finding suggests direct interspecies transmission of influenza virus as zoonotic viruses, particulary for the type B strain which is considered restricted to humans. It was the first report, in Brazil. Further studies are required to achieve a complete understanding of the incidence of influenza in our environment.

The Radiographic Optical Densitometry (ROD) is an analysis method for bone mineral content evaluation in equivalence to the aluminiun milimeters (mmAI). Bone densitometry was performed by a carpal acessory bone simple latero-medial radiograph conjugated with an aluminium stepwedge after complete calcification of growth plate of radial distal epifisis. Two groups (divided by sexual category male/female) of 50 animals each were evaluated and all these 100 animals were under an initial trainning program during the experiment. Radiographs were digitalized and analyzed by a specific software (Imagelab, Softium) responsible for bone densitometry final determination expressed in mmAI. Statistical analysis (Instat) was performed on results for determination of normal curve of bone density by ROD method.

Numerosos modelos experimentais têm sido desenvolvimos para o estudo da síndrome do ovário policístico em ratos. No presente estudo, a síndrome foi inducida por exposição à luz constante. O processo foi avaliado durante sua indução e inclusive durante sua reversão. O ciclo estral foi analisado através de citologia vaginal; parámetros reprodutivos foram avaliados por acasalamento, bem como a morfologia ovariana. Todos animais desenvolveram a síndrome depois de 13 semanas de luz permanente. As características histológicas dos ovários, na semana 15, foram similares àquelas observadas na síndrome do ovário policístico em humanos e outras espécies. Após a regressão da síndrome, não houve diferenta em nenhum dos parámetros reprodutivos avaliados, quando comparados com o grupo controle.

Samples of serum of 376 lactating cows were analyzed for research of antibodies against the virus of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus, through the test of indirect ELISA. The study was accomplished in 10 dairy herds located in the South region of the State of Minas Gerais and Northeast region of the State of São Paulo, between the months of march and june of 2000. In all the herds were found reactor animals and the occurrence in the two regions was proportionally similar. In the South region of the State of Minas Gerais the occurrence was 57,56% and in the Northeast region of the State of São Paulo was 56,49%. Also were analyzed the characteristics of the properties and of the flocks and the largest occurrences were found in the simplest flocks and in properties less technicality.

The diagnosis of disseminated sporotrichosis is usually obtained by necropsy and the isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from blood is rare. Fungemia was shown in vivo through the isolation of S. schenckii from peripheral blood of 13 (n=38, 34.2%) cats with naturally acquired sporotrichosis. The coinfection with FIV and with FeLV found, respectively, in 6 (n=34, 17.6%) cases and 1 (n=34, 2.9%), apparently did not alter the frequency of the isolation of S. schenckii from peripheral blood. There was agreement of 84.2% comparing these results to the blood culture results simultaneously achieved. In this way, we propose the clot culture as a practical alternative method, efficient and cheap for the diagnosis of disseminated sporotrichosis in cats in vivo.

Twenty aditives were been used on ensiling Elephantgrass (80 days growing period): without additives (T1); 0.5% urea (T2); 10% cotton fiber (T3); 10% Elephantgrass hay (T4); 10% Guandu hay (T5); drying for 6 hours (T6); 2% suggar wastes (T7); 2% corn meal (T8); 4% corn meal (T9); 6% corn meal (T10); 2% corn meal and 0.5% urea (T11); 4% corn meal and 0.5% urea (T12); 6% corn meal and 0.5% urea (T13); 1% dried molasses (T14); 2% dried molases (T15); 3% dried molasses (T16); 1% dried molasses and 0.5% urea (T17); 2% dried molasses and 0.5% urea (T18); 3% dried molasses and 0.5% urea (T19); bacterial inoculant Biosilo (T20). pH was increased in T1 (5.36) and T5 (5.33). The other silages pH varied from 3.89 to 4.29 and were similar. The highest non protein nitrogen was observed in T3 and those which included urea, but this was not observed whem 3% of molasses was included. Most silage fermentations were towards lactic acid production and these results were similar. T2 and T3 showed higher butiric acid concentration than the others and T2 and T9 showed higher acetic acid production. In vitro dry matter digestibility coeficients were from 26.36 to 51.31%. Dry matter loss was higher on T2 (11.08%), T3 (10.50%) and T4 (9.8%).

The aim of this study was to evaluate by radiographic and densitometric examinations the influence of a biomaterial developed by the Brazilian industry in the reparation process of unstable diaphyseal fracture of the radius. Fifteen Norfolk rabbits, males, age between five and six months, and average body weight of 3.5 kg were used. A transversal fracture was induced in the middle portion of the radial diaphysis of both forelimbs using a circular saw. The association of BMPs adsorbed to the hydroxiapatite and agglutinant of collagen in granules, both of bovine origin, were used around the fracture extremities of the right radius (treated). The left radius did not receive any treatment, and it was considered as control. Radiographic evaluation and optic densitometry by radiographic examinations were realized at immediate postoperative, and at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperative. Only at 30 days postoperative occurred higher percentage of cortical reestablishment of the fracture treated with biomaterial. By statistical analysis was not observed any difference in densitometric examinations in the different evaluation moments or between forelimbs. It was possible to conclude that only radiographic examination on day-30 postoperative was observed positive effect of the biomaterial.

This article presents the protein profile in freeze-dried chicken embryo eggs with different development periods (0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 days). The protein profile was determined through HPLC-reverse phase, electrophoresis SDS-PAGE and IFE-electrophoresis. Protein profile of these eggs changes according to the period of development and the change is more evident after the 5th day, where there was an increase in ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, apoLDL, apoHDL and lysozyme concentration, and a decrease in ovomucin and ovostatin concentration. The hypothesis that the change in the protein profile is due to protein biosynthesis and disintegration that happens during incubation process is discussed.

Aimine at evaluating the influence of parturition and puerperium on the erythrogram of Saanen goats (Capra hircus) 360 blood samples were collected from 20 goats on 18 different moments, as described as described: 32, 16, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1 and ½ days before parturition, immediately after parturition, ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 days after parturition. The blood samples were collected with EDTA and submitted to the following tests: erythrocyte counts (at the modified Neubauer hemocytometer, using Gower's liquid as a dilute); packed cell volume (using the microhematocrit method); hemoglobin concentration (using cyanmethemoglobin method); calculated blood indices: MCV - mean corpuscular volume; MCH - mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC - mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The evaluation of the erythrogram did not show any significant variation that could be attributed to the pregnancy or puerperium.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different times of pre-operative fast on serum concentration of glucose in healthy dogs, as well as on the complete anesthesia recovery of these animals. The animals had been divided in to groups, according to the fast period: Group I: 6 to 8 hours of starvation; Group II: 12 to 14 hours of starvation; Group III: more than 16 hours of starvation. Water was withheld for 2 hours before anesthesia. All the animals had been submitted to the same anesthesic procedure and elective surgery procedures. Blood samples for the glycemia test were withdrawn immediately before the pre-anesthesia and after the animal complete recovery. No differences were observed amone the three groups considering the glycemia value before and after anesthesia, as well as relationship the complete recovery period.

This study evaluated the G and M concentrations in serum of 32 calves until 90 days old, considering the way (direct suckling from mother or by bottle) and the volume of ingested colostrum. The calves were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: four liters of colostrum fed by bottle; Group 2: two liters of colostrum fed by bottle; Group 3: direct suckling from mother and and Group 4: two liters of milk by bottle. Serum IgG concentrations obtained in this study had no significant difference in the way of colostrum feeding (direct suckling from mother or by bottle), but their levels were higher in the former way of administration of colostrum, followed by those which received 4 liters of colostrum. Those animals which were not fed with colostrum presented IgG and IgM levels earlier, from 30 and 15 days old, respectively.

Estudou-se as diversas técnicas de retalhos cutâneos e a sua aplicação no tratamento cirúrgico de neoplasias cutâneas e/ou das partes moles. Vinte e cinco cães (14 machos e 11 fêmeas) cujas idades variaram entre 4 meses e 14 anos. As técnicas utilizadas foram flaps por avanço pediculado simples, por transposição, por interpolação, H-plastia e W-plastia. O tempo de cicatrização variou de 9 a 19 dias (m=13,7 dias). As complicações observadas foram: deiscência de pontos de sutura (10), edema do retalho (2), necrose de 10 a 50% do retalho (6). Os retalhos cutâneos são versáteis, de fácil execução, aparência cosmética e apresentam um custo relativamente baixo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the motor nerve conduction velocity, neuromuscular transmission, and electromyography at rest in healthy cats (group I) and in cats submitted to the nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (group II). Ten mongrel cats, six males and four females, aged between 4 and 5 months and average body weight of 1.67 kg were used to establish normal pattern (group I). Ten mongrel cats, five males and five females, initial age between 2 and 3 months, old and initial body weight of 820 grams were used in group II. After 10 days of adaptation period, the group II animals were fed with raw heart beef for 60 days to induce the nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. It was possible to conclude that the motor nerve conduction velocity, and electromyographic findings of insertional and spontaneous activities of cats with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism showed similar pattern to healthy cats at the same age. Using repetitive stimulation at 3Hz it was observed global tendency to decrement of the compound muscle action potentials, and using repetitive stimulation at 10Hz a tendency to decrement or increment occurred; though, the variations were at normal limit.

Minerals play an important role in the cattle metabolism with great impact in productive and reproductive performance of animals raised on extensive grasslands. At present, there is a lack of information concerning mineral deficiency throughout the analysis of biological fluids in Rio Grande do Sul State (southern Brazil). The Central Valley region of this State is characterized by extensive production on natural pastures with poor mineral supplementation. The low levels of minerals found by previous studies on pastures in this area motivated this research. The aim of the present work was to detect possible mineral deficiencies in beef cows by determining concentrations of minerals in biological fluids and in pasture. There were determined concentrations of phosphorus, calcium, copper, zinc, glutathion peroxidase (as indicator of selenium status) and thyroxine (as indicator of iodine status) in blood, sodium and potassium in saliva, and calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, sodium and iron in pastures, in four different periods of the reproductive cycle as follows: service period (artificial insemination), clean up bulls period, end of gestation and early lactation. Four herds were selected in Cachoeira do Sul County for this study which included 112 animals. The results showed marginal deficiencies of phosphorus, copper, iodine and selenium. Calcium concentration was below normal level and could be related to the low protein content of pasture. Most critical periods were the end of gestation and the early lactation.

Em 12 fêmeas e 12 machos da raça Puro Sangue Inglês com idade média de 12 meses, avaliou-se os valores normais da densidade mineral óssea do carpo acessório em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl) até o momento do fechamento completo da epífise distal do rádio, por meio do método de densitometria óptica em imagens radiográficas. A avaliação foi realizada por meio de um programa computacional (software) especialmente desenvolvido para medida de densidade óptica em filmes de raios-X, o qual contém a imagem radiográfica do osso carpo acessório, região de partes moles adjacente ao carpo acessório e os degraus de uma escala de alumínio (phatom), que permitiu a medida de densidade mineral óssea, sendo esta a média aritmética da região de interesse determinada no osso carpo acessório correspondente ao valor em milímetros da escala. Os valores da densidade mineral óssea em mmAl do acessório do carpo em função da idade não apresentaram diferenças entre os sexos (p=0,86) permitindo que uma equação de reta fosse ajustada para ambos os sexos (densidade mineral óssea (DMO) mmAl = 3.109 + 0,056 x idade em meses), na faixa etária estudada.

A histological study of the morphological aspects of 33 spermatic cord pairs of adult mice (Mus musculus) showed that its their components were ensheated by a thin mesothelium capsule in 3 pairs. Under this capsule, completely surrounding the cord, there was a dense layer of adipose tissue. Its components were surrounded by loose connective tissue with a predominance of collagen fibers among reticular and elastic fibers. The testicular artery varied in diameter and was involved by the testicular veins, consisting of an inner layer formed by endothelium and an inner limiting elastic membrane, a middle layer formed by a thick smooth muscle layer supported by a network of reticular fibers, and an outer layer consisting of dense connective tissue close to the intervascular connective tissue and the adventitia layers of the veins. The testicular veins form the pampiniform plexus which partially surrounds the artery, presenting wide and irregular lumens, thin walls consisting almost exclusively of endothelium, with no valves and intimately related to the testicular artery. The vas deferens is located at the periphery of the subcapsular adipose tissue which partially surrounds it and is accompanied by arterioles, venules, lymphatic vessels and nerves. The cast of the segment of testicular artery obtained with Neoprene 450 latex in 60 molds exhibited a sinuous trajectory and the length (cm): was mean, maximum and minimum, 1.35. 1.80 and 0.80 on the right and 1.32. 1.85 and 0.70 on the left, respectively. These values showed no significance at 5%.

The Agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) is a wild rodent that, in the Northeast region of Brazil, is a species that is very used by the low-income population as an alternative protein source for human feeding. Thirty-one male Agouti were used, coming from the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) - Piauí State, and from Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró (ESAM) - Rio Grande do Norte State - Brazil. The animals were divided in to age groups, from the birth to fourteen months old. The average diameter average of the nucleus was obtained by measuring 10 nuclei of the studied cellular type, in each testicle that was in the stage I of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. This was performed in animals that did not present an organized epithelium in well-defined periods due to the age, and measurements were made in transversal sections chosen only for the circular contour. The beginning of the asynchronism of the spermatogenic process was observed since the six months of age. The puberty of the Agouti Dasyprocta aguti was definitely established at nine months of age, because all the cellular types and free spermatozoa in the tubular lumen were present in a large extent of the testicular parenchyma.

Rock cavy, Kerodon rupestris a rodent mammal of the Caviidae family, very similar to the cavy is highly adapted to the conditions of heat, shortage of water and food, mainly during the great droughts periods that periodically devastate the northeastern semi-arid area of Brazil. In the literature a shortage of data is verified regarding the functional anatomy of the rock cavies especially of works that involve the anatomy of the brachial plexus. Aiming at to elucidate the behavior of the brachial plexus of rock cavies and with the purpose of contributing for the development of the compared anatomy, this research was accomplished. Ten animals of different ages were used (nine males and one female) coming from the Wild Animals Multiplication Center (CEMAS) of the Superior School of Agriculture of Mossoró-ESAM. After the slaughter, bilateral dissection of the brachia plexuses took place, and the results were registered in schematic drawings, and the dispositions grouped in tables for subsequent statistical analysis grounded in the percentile frequency. It was observed that the brachium plexus of rock cavy is the result from established communications, mainly, among the ventral ramus of the last three cervical nerves and of the first two thoracic nerves, having a contribution of the fifth cervical nerve in 35.00% of the cases. In 40.00% of the dissections the most frequent plexus was of the type C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2.