Repositório RCAAP

Radiographic Optical Densitometry is an analitic method to meansure bone mineral content. This technique was performed by right tíbia simple radiograph conjugated with an aluminium stepwedge in 5 Golden Retriever dogs. Monthly, all the dogs were radiographed from 3-mouths until 9-mouths old. Radiographs were digitalized and analyzed by an image processing software (ImageLab, Softium), which compares the aluminium grey scale tonalities with a bone region analyzed obtaining with this the value of bone mineral density in aluminium milimeters (mmAl). The epifisary region possess higher bone mineral density (BMD) followed for the metafisary and diafisary regions, respectively, during the experimental period and followed by the behavior of the corporeal weight. There was a trend of increase of the bone mineral density. The proximal metafisary region of tíbia, in growth dogs, demonstrated to be the best region of selection to evaluate the bone mineral density since it is place studied with less correlation with the corporeal weight, and for be enable to anothers factors influences in the regulacion of BMD, like some disease who promote osteopenia, producing a earlier diagnosis.

About 50% of volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced in the reticulorumen are absorbed in this compartment. The other 50% pass with the fluid phase to the omasum and are absorbed before the duodenum. The objective of this experiment was to measure the absorption surface of the reticulorumen and omasum aiming to compare it with the absorption magnitude. Eight adult bovines had their stomachs removed immediately after slaughtering. The stomach compartments were separated and weighed. Fragments were collected from several anatomical regions. Measurements of the total area of the internal surface were taken through image capture and analysis. The reticulorumen absorptive surface (7.7 m²) was larger (P<0.001) than the omasum absorptive surface (2.1 m²). The surface/digest ratio, however, was larger (P=0.07) in the omasum (0.22 m²/kg) than in the reticulorumen (0.12m²/kg), representing an omasum surface area for each digest unit 83.3% larger. The area of one of the rumen ventral sac fragments showed a positive correlation (0.84) with the total rumen surface area, indicating that it is possible to estimate the total rumen area by biopsy. The absorptive surface of the forestomach compartments seem to be compatible with absorption magnitude. However, further studies comparing VFA fractional absorption rate among forestomach compartments should be carried out.

O hipertiroidismo é capaz de proporcionar efeitos sobre o metabolismo ósseo tanto em humanos como em animais. Para melhor avaliar este fato em gatos, em 16 animais foram induzidos a tirotoxicose a partir da administração oral de 150 µg/kg de levotiroxina sódica a cada 24 horas durante 42 dias. Os níveis hormonais foram avaliados por radioimunoensaio e a densidade mineral óssea da extremidade distal do rádio direito foi mensurada através de densitometria óptica radiográfica. Foi possível observar, a partir da primeira semana de experimento, significativa elevação sérica de T4 livre e T4 total acompanhada de desmineralização óssea do rádio.

The Kerodon rupestris, also known as rock cavy, is a herbivorous rodent found in Brazil. The mammalian dentition presented an usual pattern in all species, however each tooth had been formed by the same structural components, e.g. enamel, dentine, cementum and pulp. A molar and incisive teeth samples were collected and processed by the technique of consuming and other teeth had been submitted to the decalcification technique. Thereafter the materials were processed by the histologic routine technique of inclusion in a similar product to paraffin, cut and stained by H/E. All materials prepared for light microscopy were documentated. In the oral cavity of the Kerodon rupestris, the incisors had to be detached of others and had been found a pair in each jaw. Two pairs of premolars and three pairs of molars had been found, being represented in formula 2x(I 1/1, C 0/0, P 1/1, M 3/3). The molars had two cuspids and this conformation conferred to these teeth a serrated aspect. Microscopically, incisive, premolars and molars teeth had been classified as hypsodonts, teeth in constant eruption.

O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar a primeira ocorrência do parasitóide Gnathopleura quadridentata (Wharton) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) como inimigo natural de Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Para coleta dos insetos foi utilizado como isca fezes humanas. Obtiveram-se 50 pupas de S. lambens, das quais 28 emergiram parasitóides pertencentes à espécie G. quadridentata. A prevalência de parasitismo foi de 56,0%. Esta nota relata a primeira ocorrência do parasitóide G. quadridentata em pupas de S. lambens no Brasil.

Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumour of keratinocytes. There are several factors associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma, including prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, lack of a pigmented skin, lack of hair or a very sparse hair coat at the affected sites. A retrospective study of squamous cell carcinoma from 1978 to 2002 in farm animals was made. The samples were obtained at the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory of the Veterinary School in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. The distribution of the neoplasm among the species was as follows: 30 in cattle, 7 in sheep and 13 in horses. Epidemiological data as breed, sex, age, and anatomical location of the tumors were statistically analyzed. The histological classification of the tumors graded from well differentiated to poorly differentiated. A multifactorial etiology of squamous cell carcinoma in farm animals is suggested although more retrospective and prospective studies are needed, to determine the role of each factor in the pathogenesis of the neoplasm.

Os Antiinflamatórios Não Esteróides (AINEs) inibem a síntese de prostaglandinas, com subseqüente diminuição da secreção de muco e bicarbonato pelo epitélio gástrico, redução da hidrofobicidade da camada epitelial, comprometimento da reposição celular, redução do fluxo sanguíneo e aumento da aderência de neutrófilos. Ao longo dos anos, notou-se que as lesões gástricas provocadas pelo uso de AINEs se localizam com maior freqüência nas regiões do antro pilórico e curvatura menor do estômago. A maior susceptibilidade destas regiões pode ser explicada por sua anatomia microvascular, a qual apresenta capilares estreitos, tortuosos e com menor diâmetro que em outras regiões do estômago; estes são mais separados entre si e há menos anastomoses entre os capilares ascendentes, tornando-os mais predispostos à trombose e conseqüente lesão gástrica.

The aim of this work was to determine the viability of spermatocrit use in Piabanha's sperm concentration estimation. Gametogenesis of piabanha Brycon insignis (n=29) was induced with crude pituitary extract of carp and semen was further collected. The spermatocrit was determined using cappilar tube micro-centrifuge. The sperm concentration was verified by counting in "Neubauer chamber", after dilution. The verified sperm concentration (mean±standard deviation) was 24,38±3,84x10(9) spermatozoa/mL, and the spermatocrit was 16,14±5,20%. The regression model: v = 14,01.10(9) + 0,6428.10(9).X was significant (P<0,01) and presented adjusted R² = 0,75. Thus, the estimation of sperm concentration using the spermatocrit is possible.

A cabeça dos cães apresenta uma considerável variabilidade quanto suas dimensões, tais como comprimento, largura (diâmetro biparietal) e altura, segundo sua classificação anatômica em braquicefálicos, mesaticefálicos e dolicocefálicos. Tais aspectos arquitetônicos devem ser considerados ao tentar padronizar valores que caracterizem a gestação canina, em geral por meio de ultra-som. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de utilizar a ultra-sonografia para correlacionar as dimensões do crânio fetal e a idade gestacional com a finalidade de contribuir para o estudo comparativo do desenvolvimento intra-uterino do crânio dos cães. Examinou-se 10 cadelas da raça boxer com um aparelho portátil da marca GE®, modelo Logic á 100 MP, equipado com um transdutor convexo 5,0 MHz e outro linear de 7,5 MHz, de 2 a 3 vezes por semana a partir do 18º dia de gestação até o parto. As variáveis HC, CC e DBC foram aferidos a partir de quando foi possível distinguir a cabeça do corpo fetal, até o fim da gestação. As informações obtidas foram plotadas em gráficos de dispersão das mensurações em função do número de dias antes do parto. Concluiu-se que as variáveis estudadas são consistentes entre as gestações estudadas, apresentaram-se altamente correlacionadas entre si e com a idade gestacional e que a variável DBP é a mais tecnicamente fácil de ser aferida.

The effects of several inspired oxygen fractions (FiO2) on the respiratory dynamics in spontaneously breathing dogs submitted to continuous infusion of propofol were evaluated. Eight adult mongrel dogs were used. Each animal underwent five anesthesias, in each procedure the patient was allowed to breath a different FiO2, thereby resulting in five groups, namely: G100 (FiO2 = 1), G80 (FiO2 = 0.8), G60 (FiO2 =0.6), G40 (FiO2 = 0.4), and G20 (FiO2 = 0.21). To induce anesthesia, propofol was given until the animals allowed orotracheal intubation, followed by immediate continuous infusion of drug. The initial measurement (M0) was recorded thirty minutes after the infusion of propofol has begun. Additional recordings were performed at 15 minute intervals for 60 minutes (M15, M30, M45 and M60). Numeric data were submitted to Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey Test (p<0.05). We recorded significantly lower values of SpO2 and SaO2 at G20, whereas PaO2 varied according to the changes in oxygen. Regarding PaCO2, the mean of G100 was greater than G20 at M30. However, spontaneously breathing dogs anesthetized with propofol at the rate of 0.7mg/kg/min should not be provided with 100%, 80%, and 21% oxygen owing to the significant compromise of respiratory system.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a liberação de LH durante os protocolos de sincronização da ovulação em bubalinos. Para tanto, quinze búfalas multíparas receberam 25 mg de Lecirelina no Dia 0, e 150 mg de D-Cloprostenol no Dia 7. No Dia 8, foi aplicado benzoato de estradiol nas búfalas do Grupo 1 (0,5 mg, n = 5) e do Grupo 2 (1,0 mg, n = 5). No Dia 9, os animais receberam 25mg de Lecirelina (Controle, n = 5). Para mensuração das concentrações plasmáticas de LH foram colhidas amostras de sangue da veia jugular no Dia 7, e em seguida em intervalos de 3 horas até completar 72 horas após a aplicação de PGF2a. Para avaliação da liberação de LH foram comparados os momentos de ocorrência do pico LH em relação à PGF2a, as durações, as amplitudes e a área sob o pico de pré-ovulatório de LH. As búfalas dos Grupos Controle, 1 e 2 apresentaram picos pré-ovulatórios de LH em 51 + 0,0 horas, 47,3 + 2,7 horas e 47,0 + 3,8 horas após a aplicação da PGF2a, respectivamente (P>;0,05). A duração do pico de LH foi menor no Controle (7,8 + 1,5 horas) do que nos Grupos 1 e 2 (10,5 + 1,5 horas vs. 10,8 + 2,4 horas, respectivamente; P < 0,05). A amplitude média dos picos pré-ovulatórios de LH foram de 4,5 + 0,4 ng/mL, 4,0 + 0,4 ng/mL e 4,3 + 0,8 ng/mL para os Grupos Controle, 1 e 2, respectivamente (P >; 0,05). A área sob o pico de LH no Controle (4,8 ± 0,7) foi menor do que as áreas dos Grupos 1 e 2 (8,8 ± 2,5 vs. 8,7 ± 2,2, respectivamente; P < 0,05). Em resumo, a aplicação de benzoato de estradiol proporcionou maior duração e área do pico pré-ovulatório de LH do que a administração de GnRH em protocolos Ovsynch em bubalinos.

Canine malignant lymphoma (CML) is a common lymphoid tumor. Canine lymphomas from 1990 to 2004 (n=186) were analyzed on epidemiological aspects. The occurrence of CML in males ( 58,6%) was greater than in females (41,4%). The middle age of affected dogs was 5,9 years. The most common breeds in this study were mixed breed (40,3%), German Sheepdog (8,6%), Rottweiler (8,1%) and Boxer (7,0%). For the anatomical classification and the clinical staging of CML, the most common were multicentric form (68,8%) and stage III (37,1%) and IV (43,5%), respectively.

Objetivamos neste trabalho determinar a esqueletopia da terminação do cone medular da paca relacionando com as vértebras lombares e sacrais, visando assim estabelecer parâmetros morfométricos e topográficos do cone medular nesta espécie. Para tanto, procedemos à dissecação, mediante incisão, rebatimento da pele, da tela subcutânea e da musculatura da região dorsal à coluna vertebral, com posterior secção e remoção dos arcos vertebrais para melhor visualização da medula espinhal. Após a individualização do cone medular, registramos os aspectos anatômicos de interesse, enfatizando seu início (base) e seu término (ápice) em relação às vértebras, e a partir de então efetuamos suas medidas com o auxílio de paquímetro; visando documentar nossos achados, realizamos fotografias e esquemas dos espécimes estudados.

Objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a cinética da resposta inflamatória induzida experimentalmente com BCG em peixes modernos pertencentes ao gênero Centropomus sp. Os animais foram experimentalmente inoculados com BCG por via intramuscular na região do pedúnculo caudal sendo realizada a coleta do material nos tempos experimentais de 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 33 dias pós-inoculação. A fase aguda da resposta inflamatória se mostrou na forma de infiltrado composto predominantemente por células mononucleares, edema intersticial e necrose de tecido muscular. À medida que o processo se desenvolve, observa-se a organização do foco lesional na forma de um granuloma formado por células epitelióides. Essas células, ao exame imunohistoquímico apresentaram positividade a proteína S100 e citoqueratina, indicando características macrofágicas e secretória, além de apresentarem ao exame ultra-estrutural a presença de desmossomos entre as células adjacentes. Não houve participação efetiva de células gigantes e pigmentares, sugerindo ser uma característica relacionada à espécie.

The aim of this sutdy was to analyse the spermogram of a group of captive African lions (Panthera leo), housed at the Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, as a subject to avaluate the reproductive potential of the animals, an important aspect to apply artificial reproductive techniques. After chemical restraining, semen from 14 adult male lions was obtained by electroejaculation and the samples were examined right after the collection. The characteristics analyzed were: volume, pH, general aspect, motility, progressive motility, spermatic motility index and concentration. One aliquot of the samples were fixed in saline-formol solution 10% and examined under Phase Contrast Microscopy for morphological evaluation, classifying in minor and major defects. The results were: volume 5,83+/-3,35 ml; concentration11,62 +/- 14,51 x 10(6) sperm cells/ml; total motility 73,85 +/- 11,02% ; progressive motility3,35 +/- 0,63; spermatic motility index 70,42%, pH 8,1 +/- 0,5; major defects 38,12 +/- 19,41%; minor defects 17,43 +/- 10,36%; total defects 55,55 +/- 19,30%. The more frequent major defects were: proximal droplet, bent midpiece with cytoplasmic droplet and bent midpiece. Bent tail was the most frequent minor defect observed.

Central prolactin (PRL) modulates neuronal activity, which is physiologically relevant and behaviorally meaningful. The stimulatory or inhibitory behavioral effects of exogenous PRL are strongly associated with dose and time of treatment. Central PRL injections produce a dual modulation of striatal dopaminergic responses in males. The activity of the striatal monoaminergic system can be modulated by a previous reproductive experience in females. The objective of the present study was to test in vivo the acute and 5 day-treatment effects of central PRL injections on the striatal dopaminergic and serotoninergic terminals activity in age-matched nulliparous and primiparous females. Seven primiparous and 6 nulliparous rats were stereotaxically implanted with guide cannulas into the lateral ventricle and into the contralateral striatum. Five daily intracerebroventricular injections of ovine prolactin (oPRL;10 mg/5 ml) were performed. On days 1 and 5, females were submitted to striatal microdialysis sessions. The concentrations of dopamine and serotonin metabolites in the dialysate were measured by HPLC-ED. Acute oPRL injection induced a decrease in extracellular levels only for HVA concentrations which was more intense in primiparous than in nulliparous dams. DOPAC concentrations were increased by PRL injection in primiparous compared to nulliparous dams on day 5. On this day DOPAC, HVA and 5HIAA primiparous baseline dialysate concentrations were significantly higher than in nulliparous animals. These data suggest that reproductive experience can modulate in vivo striatal dopaminergic responses to PRL and reveal a relation between striatal dopaminergic and serotoninergic responses that is suggestive of a similar PRL modulation of both neurotransmitter terminals.

The tongue of domestic animals varies in size and shape and according to these animals feeding habits, there are different degrees of tongue surface specialization. At the dorsal surface of the tongue lingual papillae can be observed, such as the vallate papillae, related to taste perception. With the help of a magnifying glass, differences in the number, size and distribution of vallate papillae were studied. Fifty five tongues of adult domestic cats from both sexes (38 females and 17 males) were analyzed. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The vallate papillae were found to be symmetrically distributed on 21 tongues (38.18%). However, it was observed that in some of the tongues the number of vallate papillae varied when one side of the tongue was compared to its contralateral side. The vallate papillae showed different shapes: elongated (42.58%), oval (31.61%), round (25.48%) and pear shaped (0.33%). The vallate papillae were classified into 10 different categories: symmetrical I (2 right and 2 left), II (3:3), III (4:4) and asymmetrical IV (3:2), V (4:2), VI (2:3), VII (4:3), VIII (5:3), IX (3:4) and X (4:5). Measurements of length and width were made with averages of 0.84 ± 0.23 mm and 0.55 ± 0.18 mm, respectively, besides the calculation of the total area of these papillae per tongue, that showed average of 2,74 ± 0,31 mm² in males and 1,94 ± 0,14 mm² in females However, upon examining the lingual papillae of the cat tongues, specimens demonstrating 7, 8 or 9 vallate papillae, arranged in pairs (4:3, 5:3, 3:4 and 4:5) by category, were observed in this study but not cited in the literature.

The aim of this research was to characterize in the canine population the risk factors for cranial cruciate ligament rupture, which are breed, age, sex and body weight. The data base consisted of collected information from medical records of 323 dogs bearing cranial cruciate ligament rupture attended during a period of 7 years (1999 to 2005) in the Small Animal Surgical Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty at São Paulo University. The results showed that the most prevalent breed were Leonberger (100%), Cane Corso (66,7%), Dogue de Bordeau (50%), Starffordshire Terrier (40%) e o Chow Chow (36%). Also, Rottweiller (11,16%) and Labrador Retriever (8,1%) occupied the 10º e 13º positions, respectively. The ages 2, 4, 3, 7 and 6 (mean = 5,58) years old had the highest prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Female (59,14%) were more represented than males (40,86%) and sexually intact animals (76,15%) were more represented than neutered dogs (17,76%). The group f dogs weighing between 6 and 15 kg and between 36 and 45 kg showed the highest incidence. In this research was observed that the database of the risk factors for the dogs bearing cranial cruciate ligament rupture examined were similar to the that seen in the foreign literature. There is a tendency for rupture of ligament in an earlier age, large breeds and giant dogs. The Rottweiler was a common breed among our study and that of the foreign literature. Also, female were more represented than male dogs.

Este estudo correlacionou os tempos de jejum sólido pré-anestésico com alterações nos níveis de glicemia plasmática, cortisol sérico, estado clínico e equilíbrio ácido-base em cães submetidos a anestesia geral inalatória. Utilizaram-se oito animais, adultos, sem raça definida, distribuídos de acordo com o período de jejum sólido: Grupo 1 (12 horas), Grupo 2 (18 horas) e Grupo 3 (24 horas). Foi acompanhado o esvaziamento do conteúdo gástrico e em seguida, todos animais foram submetidos ao mesmo procedimento anestésico. Freqüência cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura retal, tempo de reperfusão capilar, grau de hidratação e pressão arterial não-invasiva foram mensurados previamente à administração de acepromazina, 10 minutos decorridos da mesma e a cada 10 minutos durante a manutenção anestésica, incluindo-se ETCO2; valores hemogasométricos (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, CO2 total, SatO2, déficit de base), glicêmicos e de cortisol sérico foram avaliados previamente à MPA e a cada trinta minutos durante a manutenção anestésica. No período de recuperação anestésica, novas dosagens glicêmicas e de cortisol foram realizadas. Constataram-se poucas alterações cardiocirculatórias e respiratórias durante a anestesia, não havendo interferência dos diferentes tempos de jejum. Os animais com 12 horas de jejum pré-anestésico apresentaram glicemia mais elevada do que os demais grupos, no período de recuperação anestésica. As concentrações de cortisol não foram afetadas pelo jejum. O jejum pré-anestésico sólido, independente do tempo de duração, caracterizou um quadro de discreta alcalose respiratória. Todos os animais apresentaram-se em bom estado clínico nos três grupos. Recomenda-se jejum pré-anestésico sólido de 18 horas para garantir ausência completa de conteúdo alimentar sólido no estômago.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incident and clinical, morphological and immunological aspects of canine T-cell lymphomas. From 71 canine lymphomas, 38 were classified by immunohistochemistry as T-cell lymphomas. According to the Working Formulation and Kiel classification, 18 were classified as intermediate-grade, 15 as high-grade and 5 as low-grade. The pattern of lymphomatous proliferation was diffuse in all 38 animals. T-cell lymphoma was more common in defined breeds (24/38), such as Boxers, English Cockers and Rottweilers. The occurrence of T-cell lymphoma in males (21/38) was greater than in females and the median age was 5.8 years (1 to 13 years). For the anatomical classification and the clinical staging of T-cell lymphomas, the most common were multicentric form (29/38) and stage IV (15/38) and III (14/38), respectively.