Repositório RCAAP

Back pain, whether they have a primary or secondary origin, is a important cause to the drop of the equine performance , but the size and the complex biomechanics make it difficult to diagnosis and treat the injury. As it is, the knowledge of this anatomic site is of great importance to the thoracolumbar examination. The diagnosis of back pain is done through physical examination and complementary exams, represented by the image methods of diagnosis, such as radiography, ultrasonography and thermography. The most important lesions that cause the back pain in an equine are impingement of the dorsal spinous processes, desmopathy of the supraespinous ligament, osteoarthritis of the articular processes and lesions of the vertebral discs and body. The most common treatments to back pain are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local injections, acupuncture, physiotherapy, training management and surgery.

Extra-articular techniques have been widely used on cranial cruciate ligament rupture repair; among these techniques fabelo-tibial suture is one of the most popular. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical results following at least 4 months of post-operative of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in 19 dogs (20 joints) using the fabelo-tibial technique. After interviewing the owners a clinical exam was performed by the veterinary and it included gait evaluation, withdraw test and objective measurements of the thigh circumference, stifle angle and stifle diameter of the affected and the contra lateral limbs. The owners evaluated 90% of the dogs as having an excellent to good recovery, without or with sporadic lameness. The gait and withdraw tests of the clinical evaluation showed satisfactory results. Nevertheless, the objectives measurements don´t showed the same results.

No presente trabalho é relatado caso de intoxicação crônica por cobre (ICC) ocorridos em rebanho ovino pastoreados em pomar de videiras, na serra Gaúcha; suplementados com bagaço de uva e concentrado. O pomar era aspergido anualmente com solução de sulfato de cobre a 2% e teve seu solo adubado com cama aviária. Os ovinos mostraram andar cambaleante, icterícia intensa das mucosas e urina escura, dos quais foram a óbito oito animais, correspondendo a 57% do total do rebanho. Os sinais clínicos e lesões histológicas foram características da ICC. A dosagem de Aspartato Aminotrasferase (AST) no soro dos seis ovinos remanescentes variou de 48,8 a 403,3 UI/L. O nível de cobre encontrado na cama aviária, bagaço de uva, pastagem e concentrado foram de 637, 158, 86 e 18 mg/kg respectivamente. Conclui-se que os óbitos ocorreram devido ao alto nível de cobre encontrado na pastagem, bagaço de uva e concentrado administrado aos animais. Sugere-se também, o risco de dano ambiental no uso de cama aviária na adubação de pastagem, assim como a inadequação da alimentação de ovinos com bagaço de uva.

A key to understanding the expansion of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) is distinguishing this aggressive form from its European relative. Current identification techniques have a degree of success, but each has its own set of problems, prohibiting wide-spread adoption and use. This study examined aspects of central excitatory state, persistence of mobile appendages, and a viable sting after decapitation for their use in distinguishing between these two races. Central excitatory state was not useful in distinguishing the Africanized honey bee from the European honey bee; however, appendage mobility and sting viability were significantly different between the two subspecies. Appendage mobility and sting viability are useful techniques for distinguishing the two subspecies, and alleviate the issues of expense, application, and accuracy.

The pineal gland must to be analyzed and studied in animals of the Brazilian fauna, to apply the data obtained in the basic research of new techniques at reproductive handling of these animals, including in captivity, in view of the close relation between this photoreceptor organ with the circadian and reproductive cycle. For this study, 10 opossums (Didelphis sp), had been used, already died and fixed, proceeding from the Department of Anatomy of USP and UNIFEOB. None animals were submitted to pain/suffering situations and their no life sacrifice. The pineal gland was found in all studied animals with and smaller dimention, not possessing, therefore goss features. By microscopy analysis we could found the gland in the correspondent space to median plan in relation to the encephalon, rostral and dorsally to the rostral coliculli, ventrally to the brain hemispheres and caudally to the habenular comissure. That consistes like an evagination of the diencephalons tectum showing the "U" shape. Considering other pineal glands and its features in different species, we note the gland is extremely small for it specie, possessing dispersed secretory cells in the nervous parenchyma whose form, sufficiently irregular, suggests a small hormonal performance to them in the Didelphis genus. Comparativelly of the pineal gland feactures in different animals, the Didelphis genus, that was our aim, shows pecualirity as in size relation, only microscopically visible, than the fact to prossessing similar secretory cells also dispased in neighbor areas. All pecualiarites suggest refletion about the function action of the gland at the studied specie.

A Burkholderia mallei é a bactéria causadora do mormo, doença de alta morbidade e letalidade para os eqüídeos, e também uma zoonose. Recentemente diagnosticada nos estados de Pernambuco e Alagoas, vem dizimando populações de eqüídeos na Região da Zona da Mata destes estados, causando grandes prejuízos à atividade canavieira que utiliza tais animais como tração. Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar as alterações protéicas causadas pelo mormo. Foram estudados 90 muares adultos, de diferentes raças, destinados ao trabalho, provenientes da região canavieira, Zona da Mata, do Estado de Pernambuco. Estes foram divididos em três grupos: G1: composto por trinta animais sorologicamente negativos para o mormo; G2: composto por trinta animais sorologicamente positivos e sem sintomatologia clínica aparente e G3: composto por trinta animais sorologicamente positivos e com sintomatologia clínica aparente. Os resultados obtidos, referentes à média dos parâmetros estudados para G1, G2 e G3 foram respectivamente: proteína sérica total 7,33; 7,73 e 7,46g/dl; albumina 2,57; 2,43 e 1,81g/dl; globulinas 4,37; 4,86 e 5,64g/dl; relação albumina/globulinas 0,55; 0,47 e 0,34g/dl; alfa-globulina 1.06; 1.33 e 1,33g/dl; beta-globulina 1,10; 1,21 e 1,80g/dl e gama-globulina 2,21; 2,32 e 2,51g/dl. Conclui-se que as variações para os parâmetros estudados foram significativas, o aumento das globulinas caracteriza um estímulo antigênico nos animais positivos, bem como uma inversão na relação albumina/globulinas para os animais com clínica aparente em relação aos demais animais. Estes achados poderão ser considerados no diagnóstico, prognóstico e em pesquisas futuras que visem estudar formas de imunização contra esta importante enfermidade.

In the city of Recife, Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil, domestic dogs are usually infected by ectoparasites of both veterinary and public health importance. Heterodoxus spiniger is a common dog chewing louse, which is known as an intermediate host of Dipetalonema reconditum. Despite of its wide geographical diffusion in Brazil, Heterodoxus spiniger was only recently recorded in Pernambuco. The aim of this paper was to verify the infestations by Heterodoxus spiniger on dogs from Recife. Three hundred and ten dogs were examined and 11 of these were parasitized by Heterodoxus spiniger, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 3.5%. This indicates that Heterodoxus spiniger can be found on dogs from Recife, but in low prevalence.

Eimeria infection causes a great problem in chicken, such as, reduction in weight gain and increase in feed conversion, with significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the species of Eimeria sp. in two groups, one group from industrial raised Hubbard line treated with Premix with coccidiostatic drugs 7 days before slaughter and one group from alternative raised Redro Plumé line without treatment. Parasitologic analysis were done on 100 samples (n=50/group) with the diagnose of a mix infection of seven species: Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. brunetti, E. mitis, E. mivati, in both groups. There was a normal distribution of oocists only in the industrial group. Oocists found in the second sampling was statistically different from the first sampling (P=0,023) and from the first (P=0,016) and from the second sampling (P=0,028) of the alternative group. E. maxima was the most prevalent species in the treated and untreated groups.

O hipertireoidismo felino ou tireotoxicose é a doença endócrina mais freqüente em gatos domésticos. O hipertireoidismo felino é uma desordem multissistêmica associada com aumento das concentrações dos hormônios tireoidianos circulantes, triidotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4). Anormalidades cardiovasculares em gatos com hipertireoidismo espontâneo já foram bem descritas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a mensuração cardíaca em 19 gatos submetidos a tireotoxicose experimental, utilizando o "vertebral heart size" (VHS). A mensuração utilizando o VHS foi realizada a partir de radiografias torácicas lateral, dorsoventral e ventrodorsal. As radiografias torácicas laterais foram mais eficazes do que as ventrodorsal e dorsoventral em ilustrar o aumento progressivo do coração. O VHS é um método fácil de ser usado, permitindo a avaliação do tamanho cardíaco em gatos hipertireóideos, e facilita a identificação de cardiomegalia e progressão do tamanho cardíaco.

Apoptosis, as a cellular event, has an important participation in tumorigenesis, determining the tumoral growth and aggressiveness. The present study had as objective to evaluate the occurrence of apoptosis, associated cellular proliferation, in canine mammary neoplasias and the patient clinical evolution. Seventy dogs had been submitted to surgical excision of the tumor fragment and they were submitted to the histopathologic diagnosis and imunohistochemistry procedure to caspase-3 and the Ki-67. This apoptosis and cellular proliferation markers demonstrated great expression in malignant neoplasias especially carcinoma, considered the most malignant of the tumors. These results confirm consulted literature contributing for a criterious tumoral prognostic complementing the tumoral classification, providing a greater and better supervened due to adequacy of therapeutic procedure of each patient.

Além do controle neuroendócrino do eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-gonadal existem fatores autócrinos e parácrinos que controlam o crescimento, seleção e ovulação nos mamíferos. Estes fatores ainda não estão bem estabelecidos. Objetivando analisar as variações nas concentrações plasmáticas da endotelina-1 em um ciclo estral bovino e seus efeitos sobre o cultivo de células da granulosa, foram analisadas amostras plasmáticas de 5 dias (0, 1, 3, 7 e 13) de um ciclo estral, tendo como base o dia da ovulação (dia 0) e 3 horas (8, 13 e 16) do 14º dia do ciclo. As variações nas concentrações plasmáticas de endotelina-1 não foram significativas para os dias assim como para as horas do dia analisado. Células da granulosa obtidas de folículos antrais foram cultivadas durante 48 horas com diferentes concentrações de endotelina. Os resultados demonstraram que a endotelina atua de maneira dose-dependente estimulando a produção de progesterona e inibindo o crescimento celular.

Os efeitos da utilização de sebo (SEBO) sobre contagem de protozoários ruminais e produção de ácidos graxos voláteis foram estudados em um experimento de Quadrado Latino 3 x 3, utilizando-se 6 fêmeas bovinas (480 kg de P.V.) dotadas de cânulas ruminais, para avaliar três dietas, sem ou com 3 ou 6% de sebo (SEBO). As coletas de líquido ruminal foram feitas no 21º dia de cada subperíodo experimental às 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 e 8 horas após a 1ª refeição. Houve redução dos protozoários totais, redução do conteúdo de ácidos graxos totais e mudança no padrão de fermentação com aumento na proporção de ácido propiônico e redução de ácido butírico nas dietas com 6% de sebo (SEBO).

During eight weeks, in summer, four endurance trained high performance horses were worked in resistence exercise, recieving two different types of hydratatio, water or an isotonic solution containing carbohydrates, with the objective to compare their performance physiological parameters. Only the RT (rectal temperature), HR (heart rate), RR (respiratory rate), weight, total protein, glucose, the electrolytes K, Ca and the muscular enzyme CK presented distance effect. The others parameters evaluated, there weren't any identified effects of treatment and of the interaction between distance and treatments, with a significancy level of 5%, and it was concluded that the isotonic solution containing carbohydrate didn't have any significant influence on the animal's performance when compared to water.

The present work had the objective to evaluate the contamination of the public squares of Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, for faecal samples of dogs. Fifty five squares had been searched, of August the November of 2006. Of these, 14 beed situated in the center of city and 41 in diverse outlying areas of the city. The samples were collected per the morning, stored in processed plastic bags under refrigeration and in the Laboratory of Parasitic Illnesses of the Hospital Veterinarian of the UFMT, through the techniques of Willis-Mollay and Hoffmann, Pons and Janer, 1934. Of the 55 squares, 40 had faecal samples of dogs. To 121 samples had been all collected and in 45 eggs of helminths had been observed. Of these, 38 (84,4%) had presented eggs of Ancylostoma sp; 07 (15,5%) of Toxocara sp; 09 (20%) of Trichuris vulpis ones and 01 (2,2%) of Platynossomum sp and Cystoisospora sp. Twenty and two of the 121 joined samples had been in the squares central offices and 99 in the ones of outlying areas, however did not have difference significant statistics (p>;0,05) between the same ones. This study it disclosed high contamination of public squares of the city of Cuiabá for eggs of helminths, including of importance in public health, what it indicates risk of transmission of these zoonosis the population.

Intestinal parasitism is an important cause of disease in pets. Fecal samples from pets from different neighborhoods in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were used to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites. These samples were sent to Laborvet (Veterinary Laboratory) on the period of January, 2002 through December, 2004. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats under veterinary care. The total amount of examined samples was 1,761, being 1,473 (83.6%) from dogs and 288 (16.4%) from cats. Positive results with the presence of at least one parasite corresponded to 26.6% (392) for dog samples and to 20.5% (59) for cat samples. In both hosts, Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp., Isospora spp. and Giardia spp. were the more frequent parasites. Animals that were zero to six months-old showed high intestinal parasite infection, revealing the rates of 39.5% for dogs and 29.5% for cats. Highest infection rates were diagnosed for Isospora spp. and Toxocara spp. Summer was the season, with the highest prevalence rate, with 30% of infected dogs and 27.6% of infected cats. When monoparasitism was compared to poliparasitism, the presence of a single parasite species was more frequent in dogs and cats (23.8% and 19.4%, respectively). Importantly, our findings showed the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats that cause zoonotic diseases. It is essential to keep domestic animals under veterinary care to avoid the spread of intestinal parasite infections among pets and humans.

The present study aimed to characterize the histopathological alterations and to detect, by immunohistochemistry, the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania in CNS tissue of dogs with and without neurological clinical signs of the disease. Two groups of animals were used: the first was composed of 18 dogs with visceral leishmaniasis without clinical evidence of neurological involvement, and the second, composed of 21 dogs with visceral leishmaniasis and neurological symptoms. The most frequent histopathological alterations found in the CNS of dogs of both groups were neuronal degeneration with neuronophagia, gliosis, leptomeningitis, vascular congestion, presence of perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and areas of focal microhemorrhage. Antigen labeling for whole forms of Leishmania amastigotes was not observed in any fragment of the CNS of the dogs of either groups; however, most of them presented labeling of blood vessels walls, which suggests the presence of circulating parasite antigens.

It was studied the external morphology, topography and the measures of the reproductive tract (ovaries, uterus, vagina and uterine tube) in six howler monkey females (Alouatta guariba clamitans). The ovaries are large and ellipsoid, with a smooth or irregular surface. The uterine tubes are long and convoluted, with well-developed and abundant fimbrias. The uterus is simple and characterized by a long and well-developed cervix and a globular fundic portion. The vagina is a long chamber with thin walls covered with a folded mucosa. The urethra opens in a distinct bilobate papilla within the ventral vagina wall.

Leptospirosis diagnosis was performed through molecular, histopathological and serological tests in 30 culled sows in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The objectives were to compare the efficiency of the three methods, to verify the sensitivity of a PCR methodology using a single primer based on the sequence of a repetitive element of Leptospira interrogans genome, as well as to verify the possible detection of Leptospira in several tissue including the genital tract of sows. The animals were selected based on the microscopic agglutination test in order to have sows with negative and positive results, presenting low and higher serologic titers. The higher frequency (90 % of the positive sows) and titers (100 to 800) was observed for L. interrogans serovar bratislava. Leptospira was detected by histopathology in nine sows only, all presenting higher serologic titers (at least 100). A PCR product of 438 bp was observed in all animals (25 kidneys, 24 uterus and 9 oviduct) fragments. Similar PCR product was obtained for DNA from cultures of other pathogenic leptospires, while the pattern observed for the non-pathogenic L. patoc was distinct. No Leptospira spp DNA amplification product was detected in Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp, Streptococcus sp and Staphylococcus aureus DNAs obtained from cultures, or in blood DNA samples of two piglets. The molecular system was therefore specific and the most effective to detect low pathogen levels, being able to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic leptospires.

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is a lungworm that affects mainly domestic cats. It has an indirect life cicle, with molluscans as intermediate hosts and a large variety of auxiliary hosts that play an important role on its dispersion on the environment. Infection can be asymptomatic or unspecific pulmonary signs can be detected. Diagnosis can be made by recovering larvae from faeces, bronchoalveolar lavage or necropsy. Treatment still has to be defined, but ivermectin is the most recommended drug. This present work describes histopathologic lesions found in lungs of a domestic cat, observed in a routine necropsy at the Pathology Department of Universidade Federal Fluminense.

A infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii em eqüinos geralmente é inaparente, sendo esta caracterizada pela manutenção de títulos de anticorpos e presença de cistos teciduais. Este estudo visou verificar a presença de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma em soros de equinos pela aglutinação direta modificada (ADM) e reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). 1984 amostras de soro foram examinadas pela ADM, utilizando-se como antígeno taquizoítos íntegros de T.gondii produzidos em células de sarcoma TG-180 e fixados pela formalina, considerando-se como título positivo 64. As amostras reagentes na ADM, e 150 amostras negativas na mesma prova, escolhidas aleatoriamente, foram testadas pela RIFI, utilizando conjugado anti-IgG-eqüina. A associação entre os resultados dos testes foi verificada pelo teste de McNemar. 138 (7%) amostras foram positivas na ADM, com 60 (46,38%) apresentando reação à diluição 1:64; 52 (37,7%) à 1:256; 19 (13,8%) à 1:1024; cinco (3,6%) à 1:4096 e duas (1,45%) à 1:16384. De 132 amostras positivas na ADM, 14 foram negativas à RIFI, mas a análise estatística indicou elevada concordância dos resultados entre os testes utilizados. Os resultados obtidos mostram a concordância entre os testes utilizados e a possibilidade da participação da espécie eqüina na transmissão da toxoplasmose para animais carnívoros, bem como para o homem.