Repositório RCAAP

In this paper were discussed current measurements recorded at 5 meter depth in the São Sebastião Channel and its correlation with tidal currents and prevailing weather conditions. It has been shown that the recorded current is dominated by long periodic variation with periods of about four days and is characterized by a net transport towards NE. Computations of the currents of tidal origin have shown that they are very small and of minor importance to the current conditions in the Channel, however there are evidences of the connection between the non tidal currents, the irregular sea level variation and the prevailing weather conditions.

Os autores levaram a efeito uma série de experimentos para verificar a importância relativa de três frações, obtidas artificialmente do fitoplâncton natural, nas seguintes ordens de tamanho: maiores de 65 µ; menores do que 65 µ e maiores de 5 µ; e menores de 5 µ e maiores de 0,45 µ. Para a determinação da importância seletiva das várias frações, foi usado o método do Carbôno-14. As amostras foram coletadas durante um ano, em 6 meses alternados, no interior de um dos "marigot" da região lagunar de Cananéia (vêr mapa). Dos resultados experimentais, pudemos verificar que há uma grande predominância dos fitoplanctontes compreendidos na fração de 5 µ a 65 µ. Enquanto o "net-fitoplâncton" mostrou variação sazonal, a mesma não foi verificada com relação ao nanofitoplâncton.

The purpose of this paper is to give a preliminary qualitative assessment of the soft bottom macrofauna of the Bay of Santos and adjacent areas. Sixty-three samples were taken by the 'Emilia' with grab and otter trawl gears. 149 different species of benthic animals were collected, of which 52 were polychaets, 26 lamellibranchs, 20 echinoderms, 17 crustaceans, 14 gastropods, 4 cnidarians and 16 belonging to other taxonomic categories. The most frequent species were the polychaets Audouinia tentaculata, Poecilochaetus australis, Onuphis quadricuspis, Owenia fusiformis, Telepus setosus and Telepsavus costarum. The gastropod Littoridina australis var. nana occurred in high densities in the samples collected in the inner part of the Santos channel. Ophiactis lymani was found to be the most widely distributed ophiuran in this region. The lamellibranchs Mesodesma inactroides, Tivela mactroides, Donax hanleyanus and the thalassinid Callianassa major are common in the sand beaches of the bay. In the mangrove region numerous decapods occurred of the following genera: Uca, Ucides, Aratus, Metasesarma, the "Maria mulata", crab Goniopsis cruentata, etc. Five different station groups and two more areas may be recognized in the region of the Bay of Santos and the homonimous channel.

The distribution of oxygen in an area of the South Atlantic Ocean has been studied. The area is limited by the Argentinian continental slope and the 45º W meridian and from 35º S to 47º S. The distribution of oxygen in studied in relation with the salinity distribution in seven horizontal levels and one vertical profile. The oxygen distribution in the area of the Subtropical Convergence has a characteristic pattern that seems to be very useful in the determination of the Convergence. The Subtropical Convergence was situated between the oceanographic station where was found the maximum salinity and the maximum oxygen (negative) horizontal gradients. The maximum fluctuation of the Subtropical Convergence area is situated immediately East of Malvinas Current, where its desplacement N-S between winter and spring is, at least, 200 nautical miles. The water sunk at the Subtropical Convergence can be followed by its oxygen content. The intermediate maximum of oxygen is not coincident with the depth of salinity minimum characteristic of the núcleos of S. A. waters. A hipothesis to explain this is given.

Plankton samples were collected fortnightly off São Paulo coast during 1958, 1959 and 1960. The following Thaliacians were recorded Doliolum nationalis, Dolioletta gegenbauri and Thalia democrática. Morphological and ecological aspects of each species were studied. Doliolids seemed to be endemic in the region, occurring throughout the whole period of survey. The salps occurred only occasionally in dense swarms suggesting that this species is carried into the region by offshore waters.

Measurements of total phosphorus in Neomysis integer, showed an inverse relationship between the total phosphorus content and body weight (wet). Immature forms, presented higher content of phosphorus. Some possible implications of these results are discussed.

This paper aims at the determination of (1) period and area of spawning, (2) length and age at first spawning and (3) sex ratio of the 'pescada-foguete' (Macrodon ancylodon) from the southern coast of Brazil. The results obtained show that spawning occurs during October-May with a partial spawning in December and in March-April; the area of spawning was found to be between latitude 32ºS and longitude 51ºW and 52ºW. The first maturation occurs when the fish reach 25 cm long, being complete in about six months. The sex ratio found was 48% females for 52% males.

This paper presents an application of a technique of simulation with a digital computer in the analysis of the spatial distribution of populations. It is shown that this method is useful: 1) in the determination of the distributional pattern, 2) in testing the applicability of analytical models and indices of dispersion (aggregation), and 3) in the elaboration of the experimental design.

The population of goete, Cynoscion petranus (Ribeiro, 1915), commercial marine fish caught along the southern coast of Brazil (24ºS-26ºS) presented from 1959 to 1962: 1) One main spawning per year. 2) Absence of morphometric polymorphism according to the relationship "maximum-girth/total length". 3) Aggregated distribution. 4) Absence of migration parallel to the coast. 5) Recruitment rate ............................................................. 42% per year Natural mortality ............................................................. 57% per year Total mortality ................................................................ 44% per year 6) Mean size of the population ............................................ 5.10(6) individuals 7) Overfishing.

Plankton samples were fortnightly taken at three fixed stations off Cananéia (1958, 1959, 1960) and off Santos (1960, 1961) by vertical hauling. They contained the following species: Sagitta enflata, S. friderici, S. hispida, S. minima, S. serratodentata, Krohnitta pacifica and Pterosagitta draco. S. frideriei is a typical coastal water species. S. enflata is a typical shelf water species. S. hispida and K. pacifica were present more frequently in shelf water but they were sometimes very abundant in coastal water. S. serratodentata, S. minima and P. draco occurred sparingly in tropical water, however, very few samples were taken in this water mass. Three different maturity stages were established (juvenile, intermediate and adult) in order to study the annual variation of the Chaetognatha. A special breeding period throughout the year was not observed as great swarms of juveniles and intermediates were found in spite of the very small number of adults. Two series of samples taken off Santos at a fixed station (Pt. III) during a period of 24 hours in three different levels were also counted to study the vertical distribution of the Chaetognatha in this area. The three most abundant species were: S. enflata, S. hispida and K. pacifica. S. enflata was more frequent at mid-water. S. hispida and K. pacifica seemed to prefer the surface layer. The thermocline did not affect their vertical migration except for S. hispida. There is indication that S. serratodentata performs vertical movements. S. minima seems to live below 25 m depth. K. subtilis occurred exceptionally in this vertical series of samples.

The salinity tolerances of adult females of some relevant species of planktonic copepods were studies in a mangrove region of the estuarine type, at 25º south latitude. Results showed a wide range in the salinity tolerances for the adultfemales of all the species studied. Based on these experiments the following order of salinity tolerance can be proposed: Pseudodiaptomus acutus >; Euterpina acutifrons >; Acartia lilljeborgi >; Oithona ovalis >; Centropages furcatus >; Temora stylifera. A mechanism for the maintenance of Pseudodiaptomus acutus at certain regions of the area studied is proposed, based on experimental and field results. It seems probable, thus that salinity is an important factor in the distribution of some members of the zooplankton in this region.

The instantaneous mortality coefficient (F + M) of the commercial weakfish, Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch, 1801) caught by trawls along southern Brazilian coast (from latitude 28ºS to 34ºS), was computed by means of the annual catch variation (in number) by age per fishing effort from March 1961 to December 1964. The instantaneous mortality coefficient mean values for female and male was respectivelly 1.31 and 1.53. One year old recruits appear in the landings and the mesh selectivity operates on fish up to three years old. Three-year old class predominates in the landings.

During the years 1966/67 a comparative study of the chemical composition of oysters was performed on protein, water, ash, trimethylamine oxide, trimethylamine, crude glycogen, iron (Fe+ + +) , calcium, magnesium, total and inorganic phosphorus, with oysters coming from the lagoon regions of the State of São Paulo, namely Cananéia and Bertioga Channel (Santos), and from the State of Paraná. The oyster discussed here is the species found on mangrove tree stilt roots. It was determined as Ostrea arborea Chemnitz, by Dr. Hugo de Souza Lopes, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Other zoologists have placed the present species in the genus Crassostrea. Appraisal of the analytical results of the oysters was made taking into consideration the reproductive cycle and the meteorological conditions of the three regions under study. A seasonal variation was observed regarding fat, crude glycogen, dry matter and energy content when related to fresh and dry matter, and of protein when expressed in relation to dry matter. The seasonal variation are related to the reproductive cycle of oysters and is probably influenced by water temperature variations which depend on the solar radiation incidence, and also by phytoplankton abundance. We endeavoured to determine the season when distinct phases of the oyster reproductive cycle occurs, fattening, ripening, gonadal and sexual products discharge, for each one of the three regions studied, as well as the most favorable time of the year for comsumption (winter and spring). This paper shows that oysters are a complementary source of food and income, that their production must be managed for an optimum return to the population inhabiting the lagoon regions of Brazil southern coast.

A series of experiments on the different methods of measuring the relative uptake of C14, by the various size fractions of the phytoplankton, were carried out in a mangrove swamp of the estuarine type at 25º south latitude. As a complement, some factors which might influence the relative uptake of the different fractions in inshore waters, were studied. These factors are related, mainly, with the increase on the amount of labelled particulate matter during incubation period, the effect of different pressures in the filtration of the size fractions of the phytoplankton, the use of a range of volumes for the incubation of samples, and the effect of formalin on the fixation of samples, after the incubation period. Based on these results, some suggestions are made for the use of the C14 method in inshore waters.

Cassidulus delectus Krau, 1960, is a synonym to Cassidulus mitis Krau, 1954. Some ecological notes have been done regarding the protection of the young by the adults of the species Cassidulus mitis Krau, 1954 and besides this, an anomalous structure of the test is described.

O presente trabalho constitui parte de um projeto a longo prazo que visa o estudo ecológico da fauna íctica da baía de Santos (23º58'S a 24º02'S 45º19'W a 46º24"W). Foi iniciado pelo levantamento da ictiofauna da região (etapa I) sendo que esta série tem a finalidade de possibilitar uma identificação rápida dos exemplares durante trabalhos de campo. Iniciamos essa série pelos Sciaenidae, por ser esta a família que possui o maior número de espécies representadas na região. Foram organizadas chaves para os gêneros e espécies, descrições sucintas das espécies, notas ecológicas sôbre as espécies em nossas águas, desenho e fotografia. Dos quinze gêneros de Sciaenidae marinhos que ocorrem no Brasil, nove gêneros foram registrados na baía de Santos; êsses nove gêneros encontram-se representados no Brasil por 21 espécies, tendo sido verificada a ocorrência de 12, na baía.

Micropogon furnieri (Desmarest, 1822) Jordan, 1884 is one of the species of fish of commercial importance occurring along the southern coast of Brazil. It has been the subject of several studies and some aspects of its life cicle, behavior and abundance are already known. This is a contribution to the knowledge of some aspects of the reproduction of the species. The type of spawning is discussed and fecundity has been evaluated and shown to be dependent on body length, not on body weight.

No summary/description provided

Variation in the tooth distribution pattern and number of teeth is described from 528 jaws of the mangona or sand shark, Odontaspis taurus, from the vicinity of Cananéia, Brazil. On the basis of dental characteristics, this series gives no support to the recognition of more than one species of the shallow-water inhabiting sharks known variously over the world as sand sharks, mangonas, sardas, squalos toros, or grey nurse sharks. Counts of the teeth of 12 females and the two embryos contained in each of them show a considerable variation within each family group.

This paper presents a method of investigating the dynamics of a biological population, using a technique of simulation with a digital electronic computer. Its purpose is to show an analysis of a simulated exploited population.