Repositório RCAAP

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2014.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Gama, Engenharia Biomédica, 2014.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Filosofia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, 2014.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2008.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2014.

This study evaluates the effects of ascorbic acid and its interaction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the morphology, activation, and in vitro growth of caprine preantral follicles. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 1, 7, or 14 d in minimum essential medium (MEM) containing ascorbic acid (50 or 100 μg/mL), FSH (50 ng/mL), or both of these substances. Ovarian tissue that was either fresh (control) or cultured for 1, 7, or 14 d was processed for histological and ultrastructural evaluation. The results showed that after 14 d of culture, medium supplemented with 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid alone or combined with FSH showed higher rates of follicular survival compared with MEM. After 7 d of culture, FSH, ascorbic acid at 50 μg/mL with or without FSH, and ascorbic acid at 100 μg/mL increased the percentage of follicular activation compared to fresh control. In addition, FSH alone significantly increased the percentage of growing follicles after 14 d. The combination of 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH promoted a significant increase in oocyte and follicular diameter after 7 d of culture. Ultrastructural and fluorescent analysis confirmed the integrity of follicles cultured with 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH after 14 d. In conclusion, the combination of 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH maintained follicular integrity and promoted follicular activation and growth after long-term in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles.

Baculoviruses have long been shown to regulate apoptosis in cultured insect cells. Recently, this phenomenon was also reported to occur in vivo, reinforcing the importance of apoptosis in insect immunity against viruses. The vP35del virus, an Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) recombinant, was previously shown to induce apoptosis in Anticarsia gemmatalis cultured cells. In order to verify the AcMNPV interaction with hemocytes, apoptosis induction in vivo and its effects upon infectivity, we studied the course of intrahemocoelic infection of recombinant viruses (vHSGFP and vHSGFP/P35del) in A. gemmatalis larvae. Insect development and mortality were monitored and infection progress was followed by light, fluorescence and electron microscopy. For all doses tested, vHSGFP/P35del caused lower mortality than vHSGFP. Mortality of 95% occurred with a dose of 4×106 PFUs of vHSGFP, which was reduced to 60% for vHSGFP/P35del. GFP expression was first observed at 3 h p.i. for the two viruses, increasing for vHSGFP (40% at 120 h p.i.) and decreasing for vHSGFP/P35del (0% at 120 h p.i.). The virus vHSGFP/P35del induced apoptosis in hemocytes, with some budded virus being produced, and fragmented cells were observed between 24 and 72 h p.i. The recombinant vHSGFP induced typical wild-type cytopathic effects, with low production of occluded viruses until 120 h p.i. Plasmatocytes and granular hemocytes type 1 were the hemocytes most susceptible to both viruses. For these experimental conditions, we concluded that A. gemmatalis is a semi-permissive host to AcMNPV; moreover, apoptosis reduces AcMNPV infectivity and the p35 gene is essential for blocking apoptosis in this system.

Este texto pretende expor um breve panorama da legislação constitucional na América Latina no que concerne aos direitos indígenas, partindo de uma reflexão histórica do conceito de autodeterminação dos povos e de reconhecimento da pluralidade étnica e cultural dos Estados.

Este artigo pretende traçar um panorama do pensamento latino-americano, partindo de uma linha histórica mais recente, iniciada pela influência do romantismo e do positivismo nos primeiros anos da independência, a esquerda nascente e os nacionalis¬mos, a emergência do desenvolvimentismo e do dependentismo, finalizando com a pers¬pectiva crítica do pós-colonialismo. A proposta não é descrever as principais correntes e teorias de maneira exaustiva e completa, mas tentar gerar interesse e admiração pelos escritos e escritores latino-americanos de maior destaque, a partir do conhecimento das etapas de seu desenvolvimento.

Relato da trajetória profissional de Alcida Rita Ramos desde suas primeiras incursões na antropologia como aluna do Professor Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira no Museu Nacional, passando pela pós-graduação na Universidade de Wisconsin, Madison, até a sua aposentadoria na Universidade de Brasília, com ênfase nas pesquisas entre os Sanumá, subgrupo Yanomami e, posteriormente, no indigenismo comparado na América Latina. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

À medida que a globalização desenvolve sua dinâmica seletiva reproduzindo ou criando poderosas elites e que o capitalismo transnacional mais e mais dita regras para os Estados nacionais, cresce a necessidade dos cidadãos em todo o mundo de se localizarem em novos cenários e de encontrarem maneiras de contrabalançar novas tendências hegemônicas. Discutir a condição da transnacionalidade é levantar a possibilidade de modificar nossas concepções sobre cidadania para encompassar uma clara sensibilidade e responsabilidade com relação aos efeitos de ações políticas e econômicas em um mundo globalizado. É o reconhecimento de que qualquer novo movimento que se alça sobre o horizonte necessita ser regulado por um contrário. Esta é a única garantia que temos de que uma só tendência não colonizará, de maneira totalizante, todo o espaço que possa encontrar. As questões que quero tratar transcendem as fronteiras de qualquer área do mundo. O que o reino do capitalismo transnacional e da globalização significará para diferentes regiões é objeto de muito debate. Mas está claro que estas forças redefinem as relações regionais internas e externas, em muitos aspectos. É claro, também, que o mundo passa por fortes realinhamentos econômicos e políticos, exemplificados pelo fim da União Soviética, a posição proeminente da China no comércio mundial, a emergência de poderosas economias capitalistas no Pacífico e pela presença de entidades políticas e econômicas como a União Européia ou o Mercosul. _________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN

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The main objective of the present study was to characterize buffalo preantral ovarian follicles. Parts of ovarian cortex, collected from postpubertal buffalo females that were having estrous cycles at regular intervals, were selected under stereomicroscopy and processed for optic and transmission electron microscopy. Primordial follicles were characterized as an oocyte encircled by one layer of flattened cells. The buffalo primordial follicle has a mean diameter of 35 μm and the oocyte diameter is 24.9 μm. The oocyte nucleus is relatively large and eccentric; and in the cytoplasm a large amount of mitochondria, vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum cistern, mainly of the smooth type is observed. The primordial follicles cells are rich in plasma membrane invaginations, which are observed within the cell and between the cell and the oocyte. The primary follicles (mean diameter of 41.8 μm) consist of an oocyte, with a medium diameter of 26.9 μm, surrounded by one layer of cubical granulosa cells. At this follicular stage, the beginning of zona pellucida deposition can also be seen in areas between the oocyte and follicular cells. The secondary follicles, which are surrounded by more than one layer of cubical cells, have a diameter of 53.3 μm, and the oocyte has a mean diameter of 29.4 μm. The ultrastructural analysis showed a large amount of coalescent vesicles, more evident in the oocyte periphery. The zona pellucida (ZP) is thicker at this stage and contains a large quantity of glycoproteins. In general, the ultrastructure of buffalo preantral follicles was similar to that of other mammalian species, but some differences were observed, which indicate species specific characteristics. The main differences observed were cytoplasmic vesicles quantity, mitochondria shape and inner content, ZP deposition and granulosa cell–oocyte junctions. In conclusion, the morphological differences described in this paper, could be responsible for some functional differences observed in Bubalus bubalis in vitro embryo production and follicular dynamics, when compared with Bos taurus or Bos indicus species.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 2008.

Discussions on globalization tend to focus on processes commanded by powerful agents in a top-down perspective. In this article, I will explore “alter-native” economic processes and agents and a form of non-hegemonic globalization. “Trader-tourists” and street vendors of global gadgets, for instance, are but the tip of the iceberg, in a huge parallel global economy. Their activities are non-hegemonic because they defy the economic establishment everywhere. Grassroots economic globalization provides access to flows of global wealth that otherwise would not reach the more vulnerable ranks of any society. My reasoning is mainly based on Brazilian and Paraguayan examples, but there are evidences of the existence of a veritable popular world system.

Raramente consideramos modos de globalização distintos dos que são implementados por agentes e agências poderosos. A maioria das discussões sobre globalização alternativa ou sobre globalização de baixo para cima enfoca a sociedade civil global, os ativistas e movimentos sociais transnacionais ou os transmigrantes. Estes são tópicos relevantes que necessitam ser mais pesquisados. Analiso outras globalizações políticas por meio da discussão do movimento anti-globalização e das iniciativas alter-globalização que são os Foros Sociais Mundiais. Mas meu interesse também é compreender o lado oculto da economia política da globalização no qual os papéis normativos e repressivos dos estados nacionais são fortemente relativizados. Aqui as articulações de redes põem juntos agentes que conectam, a despeito de intervenções estatais, níveis locais, regionais, nacionais, internacionais e transnacionais de agência. O texto está baseado em trabalhos etnográficos feitos na fronteira do Paraguai (Ciudad del Este) e Brasil (Foz do Iguaçu), um nó do sistema mundial não hegemônico através do qual fluem bilhões de dólares em mercadorias globais. Meus argumentos sobre estes circuitos comerciais globais estão baseados também em pesquisas feitas sobre a Feira do Paraguai, um mercado de bens “importados” localizado em Brasília. A globalização econômica não-hegemônica está constituída por agentes transnacionais cujo objetivo é participar de fluxos globais de riqueza e poder. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Baseando-me no pensamento de alguns autores que vêm me acompanhando nesse percurso de pesquisa, no presente trabalho busco construir alguns conceitos na medida em que solicitem ser explicitados para a compreensão do problema – objeto investigado. Nesse sentido, entendo que se torna relevante contextualizar o conceito de mídia e discutir o lugar que o campo midiático ocupa atualmente, dando lugar ao fenômeno chamado de cultura midiática; compreender o conceito de campo social, notadamente, o de campo midiático (com seu subcampo, o jornalismo) e a sua função de mediação simbólica; delimitar o conceito de discurso midiático como lugar de fala dos agentes sociais e espaço onde o jornalismo constrói uma informação que se integra à (e é integrado pela) realidade.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of diarrhea in children in developing countries and among travelers to ETEC endemic areas. ETEC diarrhea is caused by colonization of the small intestine mediated by colonization factor (CF) antigens, and subsequent elaboration of enterotoxins. Breast feeding has been related to protection against enteric infections. The protective effect of human milk can be ascribed to its immunoglobulin content, specially secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and to nonimmunoglobulin components such as free oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids. In this study we investigated the effect of whole human milk and its fractions immunoglobulin and non-immunoglobulin on the adherence of ETEC strains possessing different CFs to Caco-2 cells, as well as the ability of sIgA and free secretory component (fSC) to bind to bacterial superficial proteins. Pooled human milk from three donors were fractionated by gel filtration and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Our results revealed that whole human milk and its proteins fractions, containing sIgA and fSC, inhibited adhesion ETEC strains harboring different colonization factors antigens. We also verified that sIgA and fSC, using immunoblotting and immunogold labeling assays, bound to some fimbrial proteins and other material present in bacterial surface. Our findings suggest that whole human milk and its fractions may contribute to protection against ETEC infections by blocking bacterial adhesion mediated by different colonization antigens.

An Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) mutant, vApAg, induces apoptosis in a cell culture derived from Anticarsia gemmatalis (UFL-AG-286), reducing viral progeny. We have investigated apoptosis induction in vivo by vApAg in A. gemmatalis larvae and its correlation to infectivity reduction. LC50, LD50, LT50 and the mean time to death of larvae were determined for vApAg and AgMNPV. Apoptosis was accessed for hemocytes of infected larvae using light and transmission electron microscopy. All types of hemocytes can be infected by vApAg. After 12 h post-infection (h p.i.), typical cellular modifications associated to nucleopolyhedrovirus infection were observed. Apoptosis becomes evident after 24 h p.i., and massive after 72 h p.i. Necrosis of infected cells was also observed. Despite cell death, hemocytes produced budded viruses and polyhedra. Pl and gh1-type hemocytes presented phagocytic activity. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed fragmentation of hemocytes DNA at late times post-infection. The LC50 and LD50 were between five- and six-fold higher for vApAg. The LT50 and the mean time to death were higher for vApAg in a same treatment or for a similar mortality induced by AgMNPV. These results show correlation of apoptosis and the reduced infectivity of vApAg in A. gemmatalis larvae.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the ultrastructure of zebu cow preantral follicles (PAFs). Ovarian cortex samples were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Primordial follicles consisted of an oocyte surrounded by one layer of flattened or flattened-cuboidal granulosa cells. The oocyte contained a large and usually eccentric nucleus. Most organelles were located at the perinuclear ooplasm. Round shaped mitochondria, which contained electron-dense granules, smooth and rough endoplasma reticulum and a Golgi apparatus were also observed. Vesicles and coated pits were often observed in the cortical ooplasm. In primary follicles, the oocyte was surrounded by one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells. Short microvilli were observed on the oolema. Secondary follicles consisted of an oocyte surrounded by a variable number of layers of cuboidal granulosa cells. Small secondary follicles had an ultrastructure very similar to that observed in primary follicles. At this follicular stage, the zona pellucida was beginning to form around the oocyte. In large secondary follicles, the zona pellucida was totally developed around the oocyte. Several granulosa cell projections could be detected that were encroaching into the zona pellucida and protruding towards the oocyte, where gap junctions were observed between oocyte and granulosa cell membranes. Organelles within the oocyte were located at the periphery of the ooplasm, and clusters of cortical granules were observed. Round mitochondria were abundant in all developmental stages. In conclusion, this study described the ultrastructure of zebu cow PAFs, and some unique characteristics could be observed as compared with what has been reported for follicles of Bos taurus cattle.