RCAAP Repository

Autogenous vaginal tunics have been researched in lamellar keratoplasty in dogs using fresh autogenous grafts in the repair of superficial keratectomies. Fourteen dogs have been used for the evaluation at the early, intermediary and late postoperative periods. Photophobia, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, edema, neovascularization and pigmentation have been observed. The results have showed that the original procedure is useful for the repair of corneas after superficial keratectomies.

Twenty-four female canine subjects were submitted to ovariohysterectomies through laparoscopic surgical procedures. The surgical procedures were performed under general anesthesia with the animals in dorsal recumbency. The abdominal cavity was accessed through a punction with a Veress needle and was inflated with CO2. The animal was then placed in Trendelemburg position and four trocars were inserted in different regions of the abdominal wall. Following uterus identification, blood vessels were isolated and clipped with metallic devices. The body of the uterus was cut cranial to the cervix. The ovarian bursa was exposed and the suspensor ligament was fixed with a nipper. The suspensor ligament was clipped previously to its section. The ovarian arterial-venous complex was clipped and cut with the mesovarium ligament. The round ligament and the mesometrium were cut with a scissors and cauterized. The uterus and both ovaries were removed from the abdominal cavity trough one of the incisions. The most important intra-operatory event was the presence of hemorrhage with one death and one conversion to celiotomy. In the majority of the animals the hemorrhage was controlled with the placement of clips and/or cauterization. The laparoscopic surgery showed to be a suitable technique to perform ovariohysterectomy in canine females.

Os resultados das taxas de fertilidade e dos tamanhos das leitegadas foram analisados na granja de suínos da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo no Campus de Pirassununga, durante o período de 4 anos (1992 a 1995), com o objetivo de comparar a inseminação artificial (IA) e a cobertura natural (CN) em diferentes épocas do ano, procurando estudar as influências sazonais sobre os índices reprodutivos. Foram avaliadas 799 coberturas em fêmeas das raças Landrace (L), Large White (LW) e mestiças, sendo 539 de IA e 260 de CN. Reprodutores (L e LW) de comprovada fertilidade foram utilizados tanto para CN quanto para IA. As doses de sêmen apresentavam concentração mínima de 3 bilhões de espermatozóides em volume de 100 ml. As IA foram realizadas às 12 e às 24 horas após reflexo positivo de tolerância ao macho, enquanto as montas foram realizadas no momento e às 24 horas após o diagnóstico do cio. Os índices de fertilidade foram de 72,9% e 75,8% e o número de leitões nascidos de 12,4 e 12,1, respectivamente, para inseminação artificial e monta natural, não mostrando diferença significativa. A estação climática influenciou a taxa de parição (71,2%, 81,4%, 76,9% e 66,4%, para verão, outono, inverno e primavera, respectivamente; p < 0,05), mas não mostrou efeito sobre o tamanho da leitegada. Não houve influência do tipo de cobertura (IA ou CN) e da interação entre estação climática e tipo de cobertura sobre as taxas de parições e os tamanhos das leitegadas. As médias de temperatura máxima e mínima se correlacionaram negativamente com a taxa de parição.

O presente trabalho investigou os efeitos hematológicos, respiratórios e cardiocirculatórios de eqüinos PSI submetidos a três diferentes protocolos de indução anestésica. Os grupos (G1, G2 e G3), constituídos de 10 animais cada, receberam: acepromazina 0,1 mg/kg, guaifenesina 113 mg/kg e tiopental sódico 2 g (G1); levomepromazina 0,2 mg/kg, midazolam 0,1 mg/kg e cloridrato de cetamina 2,0 mg/kg (G2); e cloridrato de detomidina 20 µg/kg e tiletamina-zolazepam 1,1 mg/kg (G3). As avaliações realizadas constaram de exame clínico, análise hematológica, hemogasometria arterial e avaliação eletrocardiográfica. As colheitas de dados foram procedidas antes da administração de qualquer fármaco e quinze minutos após a administração do último. Os resultados mostraram que os três protocolos utilizados são efetivos como indutores da anestesia geral em eqüinos. A avaliação da função respiratória não permite destaque positivo ou negativo para nenhum dos protocolos. As alterações cardiocirculatórias observadas foram de caráter temporário e sem significado clínico. As principais diferenças observadas foram a preparação laboriosa da combinação usada no G1, a necessidade mais freqüente de suplementação anestésica no G2 e a ocorrência de dificuldade de manejo do animal após a pré-anestesia no G3, em virtude das dificuldades de deambulação.

A presença de anticorpos contra Herpesvírus Bovino tipo 1 (HBV-1) foi avaliada em bovinos jovens provenientes de quinze municípios diferentes, distribuídos nas regiões Norte, Sul e Central do estado da Bahia. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de bovinos de 1 a 4 anos de idade, não vacinados contra HBV-1 e sem prévio diagnóstico de infecção pelo vírus HBV-1. O total de amostras correspondeu a 558 soros, equivalente a 10% da população bovina de cada fazenda. Os 558 soros foram submetidos à técnica de Microssoroneutralização (MSN) em microplacas, utilizando-se monocamadas de células MDBK e a cepa de HBV-1 Los Angeles, e ao teste de ELISA comercialmente adquirido: HerdCheck-IDDEX. Os resultados da amostragem feito pelo teste de ELISA mostraram que 56% (314/558) dos soros foram positivos e 44% (244/558), negativos. A técnica de MSN mostrou que 48% (269/558) dos soros foram negativos e 52% (289/558) foram positivos. Destes soros positivos, 54% tiveram títulos soroneutralizantes entre 4-16, 35% entre 32-64, e 11% >; ou = 64. Os resultados sugerem que o HBV-1 esteja circulando ativamente na população bovina jovem. Por outra parte, a alta difusão do vírus em animais jovens representaria uma fonte contínua de infecção viral para o rebanho.

This research evaluated the ability of Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) drones to detect adulterated beeswax using the proboscis extension reflex (PER). Two hundred and forty drones were divided into 12 groups containing different levels of adulterated beeswax (100% beeswax, 90% beeswax..., 10% beeswax, 0% beeswax). An air stimulus was included as a control for the possible influence of the air flux per se. The animals were maintained in metal tubes, harnessed with Ducktape® between the head and thorax. The results of the drones performance in PER olfactive conditioning indicate that these animals are able to detect different levels of adulterated beeswax. The drones shown a better response to the treatment containing 100% of beeswax. This bioassay can serve as an alternative tool in the screening of beeswax in beekeeping and industry.

The objectives were to contribute with systematic data about the position of the thymus gland in relation with the skeleton, its topographical and morphometrics parameters and the type, the origin, the number, and the organization of thymic vessels associated in the organ vascularization. It had been used 26 caprins foetus of Saanen breed for macroscopic study that had had their arteries vessels injected with a latex Neoprene 450 solution and 4 foetus for microscopic study of the thymic arteries vascular wall structure. The thoracic and cervical thymic parts showed an own vascularization by direct and indirect branches with the thymic vessels showing a predominant elastic fiber structure on the middle layer without differences between the types.

We have studied morphologic aspects of 38 pairs of spermatic cord in Pêga donkey, and histologically observed that their components are involved for a slim capsule of dense connective tissue. Bellow this capsule we find internal cremaster muscle that shows distinct layer or arises septate by dense connective tissue invasion. Funicular capsule and muscular tissue form disordered plicae and also some expansions that sometimes are followed for intervascular loose connective tissue. Involving funicular arteries and veins, we identified loose connective tissue with elastic and reticular fibbers, with arteriolae, venulae, nerves and lymphatic. Testicular artery studied has sinuous course, internal tunica formed by endothelium and connective tissue, with outstanding internal elastic limiting lamina. Tunica media shows to be formed for smooth musculature, supported by a rich and orderly net of reticular fibbers and few elastic fibbers, while external tunica, constituted of dense connective tissue, with collagenous and elastic fibbers, has continuity with intervascular loose connective tissue. Testicular veins, involving testicular artery, to form venous pampiniform plexus and show variable caliber, a developed tunica media, constituted of smooth muscular fibbers supported by a irregular net of reticular fibbers and few elastic fibbers. Testicular arteries segments of spermatic cord have mean, maximum and minimum lengths, respectively, of 71.34 cm, 108.9 cm and 41.6 cm at the right, and 68.78 cm, 110.4 cm and 41.6 cm at the left, and do not have statiscally significant differences, at level of 5%. Spermatic cord has a conical shape, latero-laterally flattened, with basis settled over orchis epididymal edge.

The disposition and ramification of the arteries and veins of the umbilical cord from cross-bred equine in different pregnancy stages were studied. Thirty fetuses, 18 male and 12 female with age varying from 73 to 249 days, were used and the umbilical vessels were injected with Neoprene latex 650 colored solution and further dissected. The length of the umbilical cord varied from 28 to 70 centimeters (mean of 47.5 centimeters). The umbilical cord included the urachus, two arteries and one umbilical vein. This latter presented, in average, 20.5 cm in length, and was constituted of two (86.66%) or three (13.33%) tributary veins. Arteriovenous anastomoses, funicular vessels besides the vasa vasorum were also observed. Arteriovenous anastomoses were found in 83.33% of the cases, varying from one to eight, and presented the following disposition: transversal (57.14%), convergent (9.52%), oblique (28.57%), "H"-shaped (2.38%), "V" transversal (1.19%) and "X" transversal (1.19%).

It was aimed in this study to verify radiographically and morphologically the communication existence between the bursa of the bone navicular (BN) and the distal interphalangeal joint (AID), establishing its frequency, its form and identifying the anatomical structures involved in the process. For so much, thoracic and pelvic members of 16 alive animals were used, being 8 young animals and 8 adult animals. Iodized contrast was injected in BN of the right members and in AID of the left members; soon afterwards it was obtained x-rays in projections lateromedial or middlelateral, dorsopalmar or dorsoplantar, for the verification of possible communication between the structures in subject that, together with the involved places, they would be identified through the dissection technique later. Communications were not observed among the structures in subject, however, in two thoracic members, morphologic variations were verified in the lateral extremities of BN, characterized by projections that extended until the third proximal of the medium phalange, being more pronounced in the lateral face than in the medial.

Morphological aspects of the placenta of paca (Agouti paca, L., 1766) were studied by means of analysis with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of tissue samples corresponding to the portion of greatest placental connection of nine placentas in different pregnant females, in intermediary and final phases of pregnancy. We performed this study because there was, associated with the necessity of searching new specimen that might act as fine experimental models, the availability of this rodent in our environment. In the other hand, an improved knowledge of the reproductive aspects of these animals offers subsidizes to the establishment of rational raising centers of this species, since its preservation is necessary, besides the big commercial interest on its meat. The results showed that this rodent presents one vitelline and one chorio-allantoic placenta, which is a hemochorial and labyrinthine organ, histologically composed by lobules divided into three different portions: lobule center, labyrinth, and interlobule. In the lobule center portion the presence of arteries and veins was noticed, and in its peripheral portion there were two tubular systems set in a parallel way, where blood lacunas and capillaries were in close contact, constituting the labyrinth portion. Arteries and veins composed the interlobule. The main component of the placenta was the trophoblast, which independently from its site, presented a syncytio origin. Regarding the ultrastructure, the placenta barrier of paca was classified as hemomonochorial.

Laparoscopy is a poorly explored tool for equine assisted reproduction techniques, despite its use in man, zoo and domestic animals. This study had the objective to evaluate the possibility and offer basis for cannulation of the oviduct and its future application in gamete and embryo transfer programs in this species. Seventeen standing laparoscopies were accomplished in ten mares, each ovary approached from its ipsolateral flank. After identification of the uterine tube, the infundibulum was gently tractioned and a catheter advanced in direction of the abdominal ostium of the uterine tube to the ampulla where 250 µL of culture medium (Dulbecco's - PBS) were deposited. The laparoscopic technique associated with assisted reproduction in the mare can be considered pioneer and have the potential of lowering costs with maintenance of receptors by taking advantage of repetitive cycles, which is impossible by means of the conventional approach through laparotomy. This cost is one of the main obstacles for the commercial application of assisted reproduction techniques in horses.

Corpus luteum (CL) synthesizes progesterone (P4), which has a major function in maintenance of pregnancy in equine females and also enables the application of biotechnologies of reproduction. Considering the importance of the CL and its anatomical and physiological features to achieve normal pregnancy, our aims were to determine the size and morphoechogenicity (ME), as well as plasma P4 concentrations of corpus luteum from recipient mares for nine days after ovulation (D0). Therefore, 57 recipient mares were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography (US) from early signals of estrus to D9. CLs were measured and their ME classified according to a 1 to 6 scale (1=anechogenic; 6=hiperechogenic). Blood samples were collected daily and progesterone concentrations assessed by radioimmunoassay. Pregnancies were checked by US 13 and 25 days after ovulation. Corpus luteum echogenicity had a tendency to increase from D0 to D9. Progesterone concentrations were < 2,16 ng/ml until D3, but there was a significant elevation from D4 to D9 (3,41 to 4,33 ng/ml). There were no differences in CL size, except between D2 (31,54 mm) and D8 (25,95 mm); p < 0,05). Thus, an increase in mean luteal ME is accompanied by an increase in plasmatic P4 concentration, but this event seems independent of luteal size. There were no differences between ME, size and P4 levels from D0 to D9 in recipient mares that became pregnant or not after embryo transfer.

This article relates a case of a three-year-old male Rottweiler dog, with diagnostic of fibroblastic osteosarcoma on left femur distal third, associated with cutaneous metastasis. It's detached the rare occurrence of this found in dog, being an aggravating factor for the prognostic of this disease.

Serum samples of 191 cats from 3 cities of São Paulo State and 1 of Paraná State were tested by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFAT) for anti-toxoplasma IgG antibodies. Of the total, 56 (29.3%) were pure breed cats and 135 (70.7%) were mongrel cats, 88 (46.1%) and 103 (53.9%) were females and males, respectively, with ages ranging from two months to eighteen years. 37 (19.4%) samples reacted positively to IFAT, with 1/16 (n=10; 27.0%), 1/64 (n=18; 48.6%) and 1/256 (n=9; 24.3%) titres. No significant correlation was observed between sex, breed, origin or age (p >; 0.05), however the infection rate was higher in old animals, with 13.2% in animals between two months and three years old, 23.5% between three and six years old, 17.6% between six and nine years old, 25% between nine and 12 years old, 20% between 12 and 15 years old and 50% between 15 and 18 years old.

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de se investigar a cinética da resposta imune em cães jovens vacinados contra cinomose, com vírus atenuado, por meio do teste de soroneutralização. Onze cães sadios da raça Beagle, observados do nascimento até 30 meses de idade, isolados de outros cães, receberam vacina monovalente viva atenuada de cinomose canina aos 75, 105 e 135 dias de idade e doze meses após a terceira dose vacinal. O desenvolvimento de anticorpos foi mensurado pela reação de soroneutralização imediatamente antes da vacinação, trinta dias após a administração da primeira e terceira doses, noventa dias após a administração da terceira dose, nove e doze meses após a administração da terceira dose, trinta dias, seis e doze meses após a dose anual. Não havia títulos detectáveis de anticorpos contra cinomose canina antes da primovacinação. O título de anticorpos variou de 4,047 a 4,880 (em logaritmos na base 10), trinta dias após a administração da primeira dose e 6 meses após a dose anual, respectivamente. Todos os cães apresentaram uma resposta similar, embora com variações, com a produção de anticorpos com títulos maiores do que 2, considerado o título mínimo protetor. Doze meses após a dose anual, a maioria dos cães apresentou alto título de anticorpos, sugerindo que a revacinação anual poderia ser desnecessária.

Os hematomas placentários executam funções desconhecidas em várias espécies. Na ovelha, estas estruturas ocorrem na zona arcada do placentônio (topos dos septos maternos), região onde ocorre a eritrofagocitose trofoblástica. A função real do hematoma é desconhecida na espécie bufalina, a qual é muito importante no nosso estudo. Há grande possibilidade de transferência de ferro para o feto através destas estruturas, que ocorrem por extravasamento de sangue materno em determinadas regiões dos vilos (junção materno-fetal). Foram usadas placentas de búfalos entre 4-5, 7-8, 9-10 meses de prenhez, imediatamente após sacrifício e fixadas por perfusão de vasos uterinos com paraformaldeído a 4% em 0,1M em tampão fosfato; após a perfusão, os placentônios foram fixados por imersão para microscopia de luz. Depois de 24 horas, as amostras foram cortadas e processadas para inclusão em "paraplast" e "historesina" e coradas pelos métodos de HE, azul de Toluidina, reações de Perls e PAS e tricromos de Gomori e Mallory. Os hematomas estavam presentes em determinadas regiões do placentônio, nos quais havia áreas hemorrágicas entre o epitélio uterino e o trofoblástico, nas placentas de 7-8 e 9-10 meses de prenhez. Células sangüíneas maternas foram encontradas nas células trofoblásticas, elucidando a eritrofagocitose.

Trabalhamos com 6 jabutis, 3 fêmeas e 3 machos da espécie Geochelone carbonaria, descrevendo as principais artérias responsáveis pela vascularização dos órgãos da cavidade celomática. Observamos que a aorta esquerda emite três ramos principais, para a irrigação dos órgãos da porção cranial do animal, antes de se unir com a aorta direita para formar a aorta dorsal, responsável pela irrigação da região caudal do animal, através de vários ramos que se apresentam variáveis quanto ao número e origem.

The in vitro and in vivo development of mouse morulae after cryopreservation through different methods was examined. The slow-freezing involved an equilibration in 1.5M ethylene glycol (EG) and cooled at 0.5; 0.7; 1.0 or 1.2ºC/minute. The vitrification involved a 3 minutes equilibration in 20% EG and 60 seconds in solution containing 40% EG, 18% ficoll and 10.26% sucrose. The quick-freezing involved an equilibration in 3M EG + 0.3M sucrose for 5 minutes and 2 minutes in nitrogen vapor. In all three methods the straws were thawed in air for 10 seconds and in water at 25ºC for 20 seconds and the embryos cultured in vitro for 72 hours to estimate blastocyst rate. To assess viability in vivo, frozen morulae as well as fresh embryos were transferred into recipients. The in vitro development rates with 0.5, 0.7; 1.0 and 1.2ºC/minute were, respectively, 72.3; 79.6; 76.5 and 84.8%. There was no significant difference among the cooling rates of 0.7; 1.0 and 1.2ºC/minute (p >; 0.01). The in vitro survival rates of vitrification and quick-freezing (84.5 and 74.3%, respectively) were similar to the slow-freezing. In vivo, the implantation rate and number of fetuses from embryos frozen through slow-freezing at 1.2ºC/minute, vitrification and quick-freezing were not significantly different.

Digital image analysis and planimetry are important tools for evaluation of plain wound areas submitted to local treatment. In the proposed process, perimeters of wound areas were obtained in loco by tracing over transparent sheet and further reproduced and amplified by laser copier, precluding the use of photography and developing. The contraction and granulation areas were then measured by planimeter. Epitelization area were determined by difference between the above mentioned areas. Data from measurements and determinations of areas were further transformed in cumulative Percentage of Wound Contraction (PWC), Wound Epitelization (PWE) and Wound Healing (PWH). The proposed process was tested in square shaped lesions (400 mm²), produced in both right and left thoraco-dorsal surfaces of dogs. Seventeen lesion localized in the right thoraco-dorsal region were treated by Rana catesbeiana skin, previous preserved by hypothermia (Test Group). Another 17 lesions in left thoraco-dorsal surface were treated by moistened gauze (Control Group). PWC, PWE and PWH were evaluated at the 7th, 14th, 21th and 28th POD. Macro and microscopic studies showed skin frog destruction, suggestive of rejection phenomenon. It follows that: 1. Changes in reproducing image process permitted to save costs. The reading error of planimeter was ± 0.5%; 2. PWC, PWE and PWH showed non significant differences between Groups. Such equivalence was attributed to destruction of frog skin, suggestive of rejection process.