Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This work emerges from a dual problem: i) the industrial ecosystems approach can be used to observe if an industrial complex promotes the development of a given region?; and ii) from the industrial ecology, the territorial approach and the sustaincentrism, how can the sugar and alcohol complex be evaluated with respect to its capacity to generate economic, social and environmental development?. The main objective of this work is to develop, from the literature, an model to analyze the Industrial Ecosystems that include the elements of Sustaincentrism, Industrial Ecology and Territorial Approach. From the analytical framework, the object (the sugar and alcohol complex inserted in Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil) is observed aiming to identify the features of an industrial arrangement that is socially inclusive, economically viable and, at the same time, don t cause constraints to the environment. This work is adopting a descriptive kind of research, which uses mostly qualitative methods. The primary data, obtained by the application of questionnaires to a substantial sample of the universe that composes the sugar and alcohol complex in Triângulo Mineiro, complements the secondary data (obtained from literature review). The results, in some way, corroborate the hypothesis adopted: i) the industrial ecosystems approach, alone, can t insert the social and cultural elements on the analysis, tending to put on evidence, technical and economic aspects so, in that way, is necessary to complement it with another approaches that can insert those social elements; and ii) the sugar and alcohol complex still needs to evolve into new ways of social integration with the local and regional environment where it belongs, despite the fact that there are some important environmental and social gains in response to institutional pressures on the last decade.

The rise of China has been providing various effects on developed and developing countries, particularly its Asian neighbors which compete in third markets, such as the U.S., Europe and Japan this sense, the present study aimed to analyze the pattern of Chinese trade with two different groups of countries: the Asian neighbors (Asian Tigers and Dragons) and developed countries (United States, Europe and Japan) during the 2000s. To this end, this paper adopts the methodology of second breakdown of trade technological intensity proposed by Lall (2000). Furthermore, to analyze the intensity of trade between these economies as well as potential threats over their Chinese business partners close, we calculated the following indicators of trade: Trade Intensity Index (TII), Trade Orientation Index (TOI) , Intra-Industry Trade Index (ICII), Index Of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and, finally, the Contribution To The Balance Index (ICS). The main result achieved is the existence of China\'s trade patterns differ for each group of countries, according to the type of expertise of each partner.

This work s main goal is to provide an ecological sustainability assesment of the consumption of Minas Gerais s population in 2008 through the calculation of the Ecological Footprint for the region. The Ecological Footprint is an widely used methodology to assess in which degree a region and its population is ecologically sustainable. For this reason, it can be used to provide directives for public policies targeting a sustainable development. This dissertation is divided in three chapters: i. the first one brings a literature revision on the upcoming and evolution of the concept of sustainable development, as well as a discussion on the Ecological Economics interpretation of the economic scale problem, as a way to provide a theoretical foundation for this work; ii. the second chapter also a literature revision one brings a systematization on sustainability indicators state of the art, focusing on the reason of the choice of Ecological Footprint as this work s methodology; iii. the third chapter brings the Ecological Foot print methodology application, its results as well as the discussion of this results. Among the results, we concluded that in absolute terms the demand for ecossystem services in the state is below its carrying capacity, but in per capita terms it puts too much pressure on the world supply of such services.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of regional distribution of credit by banks in Brazil, especially by public banks. The basis of the study will be the post-Keynesian approach on currency, to which this affects motives and decisions of the agents, having real effects on the economy in both the short and the long term. The supply of credit by banks plays a fundamental role in economic growth and regional development. According to this perspective, the regional distribution of resources has a significant concentration of the most dynamic regions and economically integrated and agents larger (with greater economic integration). In this context of discussion, there is the perspective on the role of public banks to reverse this logic concentrating resources. That is, public banks have a central role in order to direct a larger volume of credit to less dynamic regions, since the logic of valuation would not be your main goal. However, this is not exactly the behavior of public banks in Brazil, in recent years. For this study, we analyzed the movement of credit s Financial System in recent years, but also the evolution of the main accounts of assets and liabilities of public and private banks (domestic and foreign). Furthermore, were constructed and analyzed credit indicators in order to investigate the distribution and the concentration of resources. We analyze indicators constructed with the intention to study the distribution of resources by the Banking System by municipality, as well as the distribution of resources by Banco do Nordeste, since this is an important bank of the segment public in the country and has an important role in the distribution of credit in Brazil.

The goal of this dissertation is to present an investigation of the theoretical and empirical relationship between financial integration, capital flows and the exchange rate, and between financial integration, capital flows and financial crises for developing countries. The theoretical literature analysis developed in Chapter 1 clarifies that there is no consensus regarding the hypothesis that financial integration and capital flows stimulate economic growth and consumption smoothing, also showing that there are channels through which they can lead to financial crises and appreciation of the exchange rate. Chapter 2 develops an econometric investigation regarding the relationship between financial integration, capital flows and the exchange rate, for a sample of 63 developing countries. The econometric results do not suggest that there is a statistically significant relationship between financial integration and exchange rate, and, therefore, they do not support the hypothesis that financial integration causes currency appreciation. Besides, the results suggest that capital flows cause appreciation of the exchange rate, and there are evidences that the effect of the capital flows over the exchange rate depends on the level of financial development, which means that the effect of appreciation is gradually attenuated by higher levels of financial development. Chapter 3 develops an econometric investigation regarding the relationship between financial integration, capital flows and financial crises, for a sample of 53 developing countries. The econometric results suggest that financial integration and capital flows do not raise the probability of financial crises.

The objective of this study is to use the post-Keynesian outline to explain the politics of Brazilian exchange regime, and the behavior of the real\'s exchange rate in relation to the American dollar from January 1999 to December 2012. In the face of the importance of exchange rates as one of the most important relative prices to an accelerating global economy, the study behind the causes of their behavior is a much-discussed subject in economic literature. After the collapse of the Bretton Woods accord, traditional theoretic models were developed to explain the high volatility of currency exchanges. Nevertheless, the lack of consensus in these models allowed the Keynesian theory to be incorporated into the new global reality, which is characterized by both a greater integration of markets and capital volatility. The Keynesian theory has in its foundation, a mental model and the diagram Z-D. Both of these are supported by variables such as the adoption of norms and conventions, bandwagon effects, and social and psychological factors as inputs into the processes of building up expectations and decision-making. The result was obtained, once the post-Keynesian model showed itself to be plausible in the explanation of the foreign exchange dynamics for the period under consideration.

This work aims to analyze the evolution of the working conditions of employees in the coffee growing in Minas Gerais and the cultivation of sugar cane in São Paulo in the recent period. For this, a study was conducted in the authors to the thematic bases of modernization in agriculture and its impacts on the rural and working conditions. In addition, we analyzed a time series data of coffee growing and the cultivation of sugar cane national observing how they evolve production, acreage and yield. Subsequently evolved was analyzed as the number of persons employed in the various occupational categories in coffee mining and cultivating sugar cane in São Paulo, comparing them with the average of national agriculture. Finally, we constructed the Quality Indexes of Employment (IQE) for groups of employees more skilled and less skilled in the years 2004, 2006 and 2008, this indicator captures the evolution of the working conditions of employees in cultures analysis, in the recent period. Both mining in coffee growing, and in the cultivation of sugar cane in São Paulo the IQEs were higher than the national average (in the same culture and states), and IQEs group most qualified employee were consistently higher than those of less skilled employees.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

With this study, we aim at making a synthesis of Celso Furtados s thought in relation to his underdevelopment interpretation and his correspondent proposal of overcoming this phenomenon. With this attempt, we aim at identifying the features of linearity and/or change present in his ideas about the mentioned theme. This purpose is justified by the fact that uncountable events happened during more than half a century of study of the underdevelopment condition dedicated by the author. Among them, the one which can be characterized as a temporal divisor in his thought, considered in this study, is the trasnationalization process. We intend to show that this new way that globalization assumes dictates new limits to peripheral economies development, as Furtado showed, and these limits jeopardize the overcome proposal the author had. Besides that, the dependence symptom, which underdeveloped structures are historically hostages, and that is usually explored by the author, turns to be taken to cultural value terms, turning out to be, in his vision, more perverse to the development attempt. Finally, we aim at demonstrating that, although the transnationalization process has broken with Furtado s overcoming proposal of underdevelopment, represented by the National State conformation, and despite it has taken him to denote new values to dependence, the underdevelopment essence is still the same in his analyses.

This dissertation looked forward to apprehend social influences, economic politics and that the Program "Hunger Zero" after reached in the country the 2002 elections. The central hypothesis is that the Program "Hunger Zero" had modified during first the two years of Lula´s government. The main goal that guided it was the search for apprehending the implementation of the program "Hunger Zero" in the first years of Lula´s government, with intention to evaluate if the implementation of the social program it was related to the proposal initial presented by the government. For this the method was used theoretician-description through the reading criticizes of documents of the government and texts written on thematic the boarded one. Through the study we could accept the principal hypothesis of that the program "Hunger Zero" had its nature modified in relation to the proposal initial.

The role of biotechnology has been the subject of discussion in developed and in developing countries. This debate is due the fact that biotechnology be an emerging field with a high concentration of knowledge, enabling many advances, especially in the areas of environment, health and agriculture. Biotechnology cannot be treated as just one element that makes up a sectoral system of innovation, because its spillover effect and impacts on various sectors demonstrate its coverage as a techno- economic paradigm . The objective is to analyze the profile of users and / or producers of biotech in Brazil , in order to verify if your effort and innovative performance resemble those companies that do not use biotechnology. To accomplish this empirical analysis, the work makes use of various versions of PINTEC / IBGE. Among the findings can be noted that biotech firms have an innovative and collaborative striking character, given the complex nature of the technology base used by them.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This present work intends to analyze the relation enters the flows of capitals, the Agencies of Evaluation of Risk and the variation of index EMBI+ of emergent countries as: Mexico, Argentina, Asia, Russia and Brazil. The study it will parse two period: the first one if relates to the year of 1990 the 1998, where the cambial crises of Mexico, Asia and Russia had occurred, phase this marked by a period of great liquidity in the international market. Second if it relates to the years after 1999, where the majority of the countries adopts the floating exchange and has a movement of feast or famine in international the financial market. In the case of Brazil, beyond if studying the relation of the flows of capitals, EMBI+Brasil and the Agencies of Ratings, we will see the dynamics of the internal interests, that has a positive correlation with the prize of internal risk of Brazil, this is calculated by the difference between Real the Selic Tax and the Tax of Waited Future Interests, measured for the Swaps DI-Pré 360 days.

This dissertation studies the territorial development from a structural public politics implemented by government in the ambit of the Zero Famine Programme. Through this politics, the Alimentary Security Consortium end Social Development were installed (CONSADs). We started the discussion about Brazil development until get to the territorial dimension, and we deepen fundamental questions related to these spaces nand the globalization process, the civil spciety and public power participation, the rural urban dichotomy surpassing and discentralization by intermunicipal actions. In this study, we investigated the implementation of three CONSASD on the center west region and we could conclude that the government proposal is innovated and is capable of estimulate the territorial development. However, we still verified that this politics a collection of changers to improve it, mainly, when it is applied in depressed territorries.

The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the impact of the innovative effort on innovation, and this on the productivity of Brazilian companies. This is a firm-level analysis using data crossover from the Technological Innovation Survey (PINTEC) and the Annual Industrial Survey (PIA), both developed by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in the period from 2006 to 2008. The research aims to contribute to the empirical debate to understand the pattern of the current Brazilian innovative process, considering the sectors specifications and their levels of technological intensity. Is made an theoretical analysis of the literature, that explicit the various theories of innovation, its determinants and its relationship with productivity, showing that, although very different in their conceptions, there is a currently consensus about the importance of technological innovation on industrial performance. Is also made an empirical research on the relationship between innovation activities, innovation and productivity, using the CDM model and econometric strategy to answer these questions. The results shows that, despite the fact that few companies in Brazil innovate and invest in innovation (especially in direct investment in R&D activities), the probability to innovate increases with a higher level of investment in innovative activities, and that the level of productivity is positively affected by product or process innovation. These results also happen with the industries samples of lower and higher technological intensity, but, for that last ones, the innovation impact on productivity not shown significant.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The aim of this paper is to analyze the matter of the relations that permeate the evolution and performance of economical factors such as productivity, level of employment and work time, inside the context of capitalist production. It focuses the footwear manufacturers in Franca (state of São Paulo), Brazilian s most important production center of man footwear. This study advocates the necessity, significance and fairness of reducing working hours without diminishing wages, analyzing and trying to unmask the economic, social and political circumstances that cover the distribution or bigger retention of earnings derived from the continuous productive increase, due to certain social agents. In support of this, it makes use of numerous and clarifying quotations, having recourse to dialogues with valuable concepts of different authors about the theme, which, in general terms, focus the issue under a theoretical point of view, in both national and international aspects. The author s analysis, comments and conclusions cross mutually with expressions of conviction and the accumulation of knowledge about the topic, such as collection, systematization and interpretation of data and information, concerning the interrelationship Productivity x Employment x Work Time in Franca (state of São Paulo), in the field of footwear manufacturer processing industry. The analytical instrumental used in this paper detaches position and conflicting interests between distinct social classes as basic referential for a concrete analysis of the correlation of the economical factors mentioned. Position and conflicting interests are inherent and indivisible parts of an associate system characterized by the private property of production means, and consequently by the social relations originated in the sale of wage earner s workforce to capital holders.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior