Repositório RCAAP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on sorghum grain, whole and ground, supplied to broilers at different stages of creation, on the performance, organs and intestinal mucosa morphometry, and goblet cell count. We performed a food program composed of four phases, with the diets based on sorghum without tannin and corn, divided into treatments: ground grain sorghum; ground corn grain; whole sorghum grain from housing (pre-starter); whole sorghum grain from the initial ration; whole sorghum grain from the fattening ration; whole sorghum grain on the housing and ground sorghum grain from the starter feed; and whole grain sorghum in the housing and ground corn from the initial feed. At 42 days old data of feed intake, live weight gain, real and traditional feed conversion, and viability we evaluated. Five animals from each treatment were slaughtered, and organs collected for morphometric evaluation and goblet cells quantification. At 42 days of age the inclusion of whole or ground sorghum secured higher body weight and better feed conversion than corn ground. We observed greater duodenal villus height, smaller crypt depth and greater absorption area in animals of treatment whole grain sorghum in the housing and ground corn from the initial feed, compared to whole sorghum grain from the fattening ration. The use of sorghum grain, free of tannin, from housing, or included in the initial or fattening stages of broiler raising, assured satisfactory performance characteristics, without affecting the morphometric parameters of gastrointestinal tube, accessory glands and intestinal goblet cells proliferation.

In order to assess the influence of the estrous cycle, bacterial isolation, cystic endometrial hyperplasia ( HEC ) in clinically healthy and without uterine diseases and pyometra in the examination of endometrial cytology bitches, 105 healthy and 33 bitches with pyometra were used. All animals underwent ovariohysterectomy and uteri macroscopically assessed and collected samples for microbiological evaluation, endometrial histology and cytology technique for endometrial brush ( cytobrush ) . The phase of anestrus showed difference in the percentage of neutrophils and endometrial epithelial cells. The bitches endometrial cytology and no histologic changes bacterial isolation in accordance with the phase of the estrous cycle were as follows: a) proestrus (neutrophils 2,05 + 0,64%, eosinophils 0,07 + 0,07%; endometrial epithelial cells 97,87 + 0,63% ), b) estrus (neutrophils 4,55 + 1,76%, eosinophils 0,83 + 0,83, endometrial epithelial cells 94,62 + 1,83) c ) diestrus (neutrophils 7,87 + 4,07%; endometrial epithelial cells 92,13 % + 4,07 ) and d) anestrus (neutrophils 0,24 + 0,24%; endometrial epithelial cells 99,75 + 0,24%). There was an increase in the percentage of neutrophils and endometrial epithelial cells in the proestrus phase of the animals with bacterial isolation. The pyometra interfere with presence of neutrophils increased ( 60,30 + 4,32%), and lymphocytes ( 1,71 + 0,52 %). Neutrophils were more leukocytes found in all cytological evaluations. It was concluded that endometrial cytology is a useful tool in knowledge of cytological changes and the phase of the estrous cycle influence the endometrial cytology. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia and bacterial isolation do not interfere in endometrial cytology. The independent influences pyometra endometrial cytology classification of histological changes, and neutrophils cells more gifts.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Aimed to evaluate the corn oil in diets based on sorghum as an alternative to replacement of soybean oil for broilers, comparing digestibility of feed, crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE); apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn); between the two oils in two steps: 17-21 days and 31-35 days; The chemical analysis of the breast muscle, feed cost (Yi), economic efficiency index (EEI) and cost index (CI) for live weight and carcass between lipid sources was also performed. The design was completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial design (with ration with soybean oil and corn oil and 17-21 days and 31-35 days), and digestibility was four replicates per treatment with two birds per experimental unit for each phase and for the chemical analysis of chest with six replicates per treatment one bird per experimental unit. Was no diet x age interaction for CP digestibility, which was higher at 17-21 days using soybean oil. The digestibility of the ration was increased to 31-35 days compared to 17-21 days of age. The digestibility of EE was not altered by the treatments and the ages. The use of corn oil resulted in higher EMA to 17-21 days of age, AME and AMEn to 31-35 days of age, while there was no difference in AMEn to 17-21 days. The composition of breast, no differences in deposition of EE were found. For the deposition of CP and dry matter (DM) corn oil showed better values for moisture while breast soybean oil resulted in higher levels. The result of economic viability benefited soybean oil. Corn oil can replace soya oil in diets containing sorghum, improving the apparent metabolizable energy of feed and the composition of the breast.

This study aimed to describe the clinical and molecular profile, and evaluating the evolution of an standard treatment with doxycycline 10 mg/kg every 12 hours (BID), for three weeks to natural Ehrlichia canis infection.18 mongrel dogs were selected, both sexes, mean age 3,4 ± 1,5 years old, showing clinical symptoms of the disease and a history of tick infestation.The animals were treated with doxycycline 10mg/kg orally (PO), BID, for 21 consecutive days and assessed the week before starting treatment (d-7) and on the first day (d0), day 14 (+14 d) and day 21 (d +21) treatment. At each assessment was made on history, haematological and biochemical analysis and PCR. Although there was a significant improvement in the general state of the dogs, it was noted that the hematological had not yet established fullness in all animals after the treatment with doxycycline. The PCR was positive for E. canis in 3 animals at pre-treatment. An animal was positive during and at the end of treatment. After treatment, none of the animals showed clinical manifestations observed previously, only one animal remained positive for molecular testing, suggesting resistance to treatment in the dose used. The study concluded that the clinical, haematological and biochemical changes observed in dogs infected by E. kennels are nonspecific; 21 days of treatment for improvement in anemia and thrombocytopenia, and WBC did not follow a pattern among animals. The study concluded that the findings clinical and laboratory are general and non-specific. The diagnosis should be based on clinical, hematological, serum titers of anti-E. canis and confirmed by the presence of genetic material of the body in the circulating blood.

The aimed of this study was to evaluate nutritional plans effects on production, physiological and economic rates of Hubbard Flex broiler breed. The experiment was completely randomized, with five treatments, being the reference treatment based on nutrient and energy levels indicated by Rostagno et al. (2011) and the others calculated from this ( -3 % , -1.5 % , + 1.5 % and + 3 % ). Cumulative performance was evaluated at the end of each growing phase, at 35 and 42 days old superficial and body temperatures, at 42 days old carcass yield, relative organs weights, breast composition and economic viability. At 35 and 42 days old energy increased and nutrient levels reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion. A better breast composition was observed better with increased nutrient and energy levels. Costs increased with increasing dietary plans. Wing, back and cloacal temperature were not affected by dietary plans, and consequently superficial body rates temperatures. Effect on energetic and nutritional levels increased on liver, gizzard and the small intestine weights were observed. Were conclude that increasing nutrient and energy levels had better feed intake , feed conversion rate, economic efficiency and breast composition, as body temperature was not affected. However , economic analysis showed worst result to higher levels within each plan.

A total of 50 dairy heifers were divided into two groups according to its mineral supplementation: organic (T1, n = 25) and inorganic (T2, n = 25) treatments. The animals were fed with these supplements for 10 months (July/2005 to April/2005), when three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1: the animals where tape-weighted during 10 months. There was no statistical weight gain differences between the groups (P>0.05). Experiment 2: between September and December 2004, blood samples were collected from the heifers of both groups to measure progesterone (P4) serum levels. The animals did not demonstrate different P4 levels in September and December, although presenting statically different P4 mean levels (P<0.05) in October and November, with 1.1440 and 1.2847 ng/ml for T1, and 1.5138 and 1.6147 ng/ml for T2, respectively. This rise in P4 serum levels for T1 group does not insure that inorganic treatment is more efficient. Experiment 3: A heat protocol together with an artificial insemination with fixed time (A.I.) was realized in April 2005, to evaluate the presence of corpus luteum prior to synchronization, follicular development, ovulation rate, and pregnancy rate, using an gynecological ultrasound. Organic minerals promoted an increase in ovulation rate in the first examination after A.I. (P<0,05). Altogether, its judged necessary an higher number of studies to efficiently evaluate the effects of these new available mineral complexes on animal reproduction.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the type of milking and the environment in the quality of raw milk by identification the Somatic Cell Count - CCS in samples obtained from farms in the mesoregion of south goiano and correlate it with the different types of milk, and the milk components: fat, protein, lactose and total solids (ST). Furthermore, we sought to diagnose the prevalence of subclinical mastitis by CCS, evaluate the correlation between CCS and milking type with antimicrobial residues, and check the influence of season, temperature and humidity index (THI) and Equivalent Temperature Index (ITE) on the CCS. The research developed in farms with different types of milking, being divided into manual and mechanical milking. The datas were collected from January 2011 to December 2013, and in each property was collected a monthly sample in the expansion tank, a total of 8242 samples, which were later sent for analysis. The diagnosis of the milk quality held by electronic count of somatic cells, for the FossomaticTM® and the levels of the components were analyzed using the MilkoscanTM FT®, the detection of antibiotic residues was performed using the Delvotest-P and meteorological data were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET in Catalão-GO station. Among the variables type of it milks and subclinical mastitis, there was dependent relationship (p <0.05). The milking mechanics was the one with a higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis with 58% (910) of the samples presented CCS> 300.000 cells/mL. Among the variables type of milking and CCS advocated by Instruction n°62/2011 (BRASIL, 2011), there was a significant relationship (p <0.05). Only 19,53% (1610) of the samples had CCS > 500.000 cells/mL. According to the statistical analysis, there was a positive correlation between CCS and fat and ST, however, there was a negative correlation between the CCS and the protein and lactose contents. The type of milking and the somatic cell count did not affect the presence or absence of antimicrobial residues. During the rainy season has become a CCS elevation compared to the dry season, but there was no correlation between CCS and environmental indices (ITE and ITU). Regarding environmental indices can be seen that with the increase of the ITU occurred a decrease in fat and an increase in ST and lactose. It can be concluded that the type of manual milking showed the lowest prevalence of subclinical mastitis in relation to milking and with elevated CCS is a reduction in the concentrations of protein and lactose and an increase in fat and total solids in the raw milk.

The higher mortality rate in pig farming focuses on the first three days after birth, pincipalmente in piglets weighing less than a kilogram, which causes a reduction in profits in the sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate weight gain and mortality rate of piglets from birth to weaning when supplemented with coconut milk or coconut milk and glutamine. 448 piglets Breeds Dan -bred and Naima were followed. The experiment was conducted at GRIMPISA commercial farm, located in the city of Uberlândia, October 2013 to November 2013. Two hours after ingestion of colostrum , was administered the first dose of treatment and the amount of coconut milk used was 20 ml per animal containing 2g glutamine in piglets weighing up to one pound and six hundred . The effect on growth was observed, implying the possibility of weight gain and decreased mortality of piglets. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement consisting of two lines and 3 treatments. When comparing the means the Tukey test for the cases of analysis of variance and mean comparison tests put to the cases in which we used the Kruskal - Wallis test was used. We used the test to compare proportions (binomial test) to check for significant difference between the proportion of diarrhea or deaths within each line or each treatment. These tests also adopted the 5% significance. Still proceeded to an analysis of the Spearman correlation between the variables birth weight, diarrhea and death. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between treatments for weight gain from birth to weaning. Supplementation of coconut milk or coconut milk supplemented with glutamine had no effect on weight gain and mortality of piglets in this study.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Rattlesnakes are heterothermic and depend on external sources of heat to regulate its body temperature and other physiological processes. These heat sources vary according to the season and this variation difficult the interpretation of test results. The aim of this study is to determine the changes that occur seasonally in the biochemical profile of rattlesnakes and check for variations resulting from the sex of animals in captivity. For determining the concentrations of plasma biochemical parameters of rattlesnakes in captivity, 60 adult snakes were used, 30 males and 30 females. The blood of each snake was collected in summer and winter, and statistical analysis were made to verify it there was seasonal and sexual influence. The values obtained in this study are similar to those previously reported for snakes, and the differences observed are probably due to the difference between species, climate, season and methodology used. The results indicated that there are seasonal influences in the concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, creatinine, urea, HDL-C, total calcium, magnesium, ALT, GGT, ALP, CK and LDH. Also differences were found between males and females concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-C, VLDL-C, triglycerides, total calcium, ionized calcium and FAL. These results reinforce the importance of considering the seasonal and sexual influence in the interpretation of biochemical parameters of rattlesnakes.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This study aimed to compare four levels of ground grain sorghum as an energy source in the diet of Japanese quails to court, evaluating the growth performance, carcass yield and cuts and the chemical composition of some cuts. In total, 1200 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), females with a day old, were distributed according to a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and six replicates each, as follows: 0%, 40%, 60%, sorghum 100% in the two phases (start, a growth 21 days and from 22 to 42 days of age). The variables analyzed were weight gain; feed conversion; mortality; eviscerated carcass yield and cuts (full chest-, thighs / drumsticks); chemical composition of breast and drumstick / thigh. The performance variables were submitted to the Anderson-Darling test and the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis. Variables yield and carcass composition were subjected to the Anderson-Darling test and the means were compared by Tukey test and Scott-Knott. There were no significant differences in performance variables, yield and composition of cuts. We conclude sorghum can be used as an ingredient in the nutrition of Japanese quail to cut without sacrificing performance (feed conversion, weight gain and mortality) as well as the yield of cuts (drumstick / thigh and breast) and housing and also qualitative characteristics of the cuts (drumstick / thigh and chest).

Wet Corn Gluten Feed (WCGF) is a byproduct of milling corn syrup and starch manufacturing this grain . This coproduct can be ensiled forages standard in an attempt to improve their conservation . The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of silage of elephant with inclusion of four different levels of wet corn gluten Feed (WCGF) , the behavior of sheep fed with these silages and consumption and digestibility of these foods . No significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) for the temperatures of elephant grass silages with 0 , 30 and 60 % inclusion of FUGM on day 0 , only the highest level of inclusion ( 90 % ) showed higher temperature , 41 46 º C. On day 50 there was no difference ( p < 0.05 ) between any levels of inclusion in WCGF elephant grass silage . Silages of elephant grass WCGF + , the pH values decreased linearly on day 0 and increased linearly after 50 days of fermentation. The content of the silage of elephant grass on day 0 was increased quadratically as increased inclusion of WCGF since the day 50 post -fermentation all treatments showed higher MS compared to day 0. IVDMD of elephant grass silage was higher in levels 0 and 30 % inclusion after 50 days of fermentation, whereas there were no significant differences ( p > 0.05) with corn silage inclusion FUGM . Physical characteristics of silages did not change much with the inclusion levels . In relation to feeding behavior can be observed that the best ERMS found in treatments with 60 and 90 % of inclusion WCGF. The particle size increased linearly in sizes ranging from 19mm to 8mm (Y = 21.16 +0.28 X) the inclusion of higher FUGM coproduct . Have food particles with a size between 8 mm and 1.18 mm were found in greater amounts in treatments with 30 % and 60 % inclusion of WCGF, T30 and T60 respectively , with ascending quadratic regression . The FDNfe linearly regressed ( Y = X 33.91-0.16 ) with the inclusion of coproduct WCGF. The ruminal pH of animals fed diets varied between 6.44 and 6.90 . The treatments with higher inclusion levels FUGM , T60 and T90 , showed lower pH values . For consumption and digestibility , it was found that there was no significant difference ( p > 0.05) for dry matter intake (DMI ) in g / day compared to bodyweight ( DMILW ) and in relation to metabolic weight ( CMSPV0 , 75 ) . The use of neutral detergent fiber ( NDF ) and acid detergent fiber ( CFDA ) did not differ statistically ( p > 0.05 ) between treatments . The apparent digestibility of dry matter ( CDMS ) was higher when there is some level of inclusion in FUGM regarding elephant grass silage without including this coproduct .

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of information quality in the prediction of genetic values for the Nellore cattle\'s growth traits. The information regarding the Nellore cattle from four farms participating in a program of the Brazilian National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP, acronym in portuguese), named Nellore Brasil, is corresponding to the years 2012 and 2013. The selected farms are certified by the ANCP for quality of zootechnical information, having received the association\'s seal of approval, Global G1. Field data such as batch or management group were considered an assessment criteria, and the growth traits related to the body weight at 120 (W120), 210 (W210), 365 (W365) and 450 (W450) days were evaluated under different scenarios of information quality: inclusion of all management lot information and random inclusion of management lot information in 90%, 70%, 50%, 30% and absence of information on management lots. During the scrutiny of different scenarios of management lot information for the genetic evaluation of growth traits, it was found that there were changes in the file structure for genetic evaluation, after the statistical treatment of the data. The contemporary group experienced changes in the number of animals due to the poor quality of information. Changes were observed in all the (co)variance components and genetic parameters compared to those obtained by the scenario used as a reference. Concerning growth traits, there was an increase in the estimates of heritability and the additive genetic variance in as far as the number of information about management lots decreased. Due to the change in contemporary groups in the absence of information on management lots, the results obtained in genetic analyzes\' were biased, reaching overestimated breeding values, which can be misleading as to the choice of animals. With respect to the average of predicted breeding values, it was found that for the maternal additive genetic effects of the body weight at 120 and 210 days of age, the change in the information quality interfered negatively, leading to reduction of average breeding values of the herds evaluated. When evaluating correlations or Spearman rank breeding values obtained from data with information quality (scenario), in three groups of accuracy of breeding values compared to those obtained in different scenarios of the inclusion of information, in different proportions, it was found that there was a change in the animal classification for growth traits.

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico