Repositório RCAAP

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This study evaluated the agronomic performance of soybean lines of early to medium and medium late to late cycles in the states of Bahia, Tocantins, Maranhão and Piauí, studying their adaptability and phenotypic stability. The genotypes were evaluated for productivity in the municipalities of Porto Nacional (TO), Balsas (MA) Formosa do Rio Preto (BA), Bom Jesus (PI) and Chapadinha (MA), using a randomized block design with three repetitions. After obtaining the data, analysis of variance and averages were calculated. The methods of stability and adaptability evaluated were: Eberhart and Russell method, and Wricke Annicchiarico method. According to the average yield, it was found that the genotypes UFU 101, UFU 102, UFU 103, UFU 104, UFU 105, UFU 106, UFU 107, UFU 109, UFU 110 and UFU 118, which are from the semi-early to medium cycles, are promising. Regarding the genotypes of medium late to late cycle, UFU 501 line had the best performance in four sites: Formoso do Rio Preto, Chapadinha, Porto Nacional and Balsas. The genotypes UFU 505, UFU 521, Garantia and MSOY 8787 demonstrated superiority in three locations: Chapadinha, Porto Nacional and Balsas. The line UFU 521 was the best one in the three adaptability and stability phenotypic methods studied.

Coffee crop is an important agricultural and economic activity in Brazil. The country is the greatest coffee producer and exporter, and has in the state of Minas Gerais the major national producer. One of the biggest problems faced by coffee farmers is the susceptibility of the plants to several pests and diseases. Among these, the leaf-miner, considered a key pest of the crop, occurs in almost all producing regions. Pest management has been successful by employing chemical control; however, the crop presents many challenges for application technology, such as dense foliage development and variations in the canopy. This study evaluated spray deposition on leaves of coffee arabica (Coffea arabica L.), and its loss to soil resulting from the pulverization of two application volumes and two spray nozzle types. The work was conducted at Glória s farm, property of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-MG, in 11 years old coffee arabica cultivar Catuaí IAC 99, in september 2012. The experiment was a 2x2 factorial, with two nozzles, (ATR) hollow cone and (TVI) hollow cone with air induction, and two volumes, 200 L ha-1 and 500 L ha-1. Brilliant Blue coloring was added to the tank mixture, at a fixed concentration of 300 g ha-1. Leaves were collected from upper and lower halves of plant canopies and glass slides were positioned on the ground under the plant canopy to collect spray drippings. The concentration contained in the samples was determined by light absorption spectrophotometry. Also, a study of statistical process control (SPC) was conducted, allowing the evaluation of the behavior of the variables in their repetitions within treatments. The use of hollow cone tips with air induction together with greater spray volume (500 L ha-1) was a good option for spray deposition in coffee leaves. At the lower half of the canopy, spray deposition was similar using both 200 L ha-1 and 500 L ha-1, which demonstrates the feasibility of using the reduced spray volume. The hollow cone with air induction nozzle resulted in greater losses to the soil. The analysis of the control charts (SPC) related to treatments showed that no great variability among the sampling points was found, indicating good quality standard from the statistical point of view.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Metallurgical slags, consisting of calcium and magnesium silicate, is an alternative for the correction of Ca and Mg soil requirements. This study was done at Fazenda Floresta do Lobo - Uberlândia-MG, evaluating the effects of silicate on soil pH and residual contents of Si, Ca and Mg, and on DBH (diameter at breast height), quadratic diameter, basal area, CAG (current annual growth) and AAG (average annual growth) of eucalypts in comparison with liming. The experiment was done in a Typic Acrustox, on 30 November 2005, in a completely randomized design, as a 4 x 2 + 1 factorial with two acidity correction sources, four doses and an additional treatment (control, with no correctives) and five replications. Treatments referring to aggregate and lime doses were applied in the proportions of ¼, ½, 1 (1.5 t ha-1) and 2 time the corrective requirement. Soil pH was not affected by the corrective sources after four years and eight months. Soil calcium and magnesium contents depended on corrective source and dose applied. Corrective application affected silicon amount in the soil; however, no differences between the sources were observed. Quadratic diameter and basal area did not vary between the corrective sources after four years and eight months and five years and two months of application. Current annual growth was smaller than AAG at five years and two months, indicating that the eucalypts should be harvested. Soil corrective application in eucalypts resulted in greater AAG after four years and eight months and Five years and two months. Therefore, slags can be effectively used in eucalypts for supplying Si, Ca and Mg.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Pesticide drift is a serious agricultural problem that is especially significant for perennial crops. Most studies use tracers to quantify pesticide drift. Nevertheless, in Brazil, consensus is lacking on which tracer is the most effective. Thus, given the importance of coffee crops in Brazil, we evaluated several tracers used in application efficiency assessments. We also quantified the drift in coffee crops from hollow cone nozzles with and without air induction and then compared the results with European drift simulation models. We tested Brilliant Blue, Blankophor, Sodium Fluorescein, Rhodamine B and Brilliant Sulfoflavine tracers by evaluating surface tension, hidrogenionic potential, filter paper extraction, sunlight stability and agitation stability. Drift evaluation was based on the ISO 22866 standard. The experiment was set up in randomized blocks with 10 replications in a 2 x 20 split plot consisting of two nozzle types and twenty lines spaced 2.5 m apart and parallel to the target crop row. The spray was a mixture of water and Rhodamine B fluorescent dye at 100 mg L-1. The spray was applied at 400 L ha-1 using a hydro-pneumatic sprayer. Viscosity was similar for all tracers. Brilliant Sulfoflavine had the highest extraction efficiency, whereas Brilliant Sulfoflavine and Brilliant Blue were the most stable in sunlight. Blankophor had the least agitation stability and Brilliant Sulfoflavine was the most appropriate for spray deposition and drift assessment. Rhodamine B was the best option for filter paper targets among low-cost tracers available in Brazil. The air induction nozzle reduced drift to 20 m from the treated area; however, both nozzles produced the same drift within this limit. The drift models behaved differently and did not accurately estimate drift near the target row.

Brazil is the second largest global producer and the major global exporter of soybeans. The total foreign exchange income from the soybean complex was US$ 26.1 billion in the 2012/2013 growing season. This result comes from the fast expansion of this oilseed crop in different regions of the country. Due to the diversity of climatic and soil conditions in Brazil the genotype x environment interaction component is important in the improvement of genotypes for higher yields, The accurate estimation of the magnitude of this component is of utmost importance to the breeder as it allows selecting genotypes that fit in a certain growing region, and in a similar way selecting growing conditions for the maximum yield of a certain genotype. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of 14 semi-late and late soybean genotypes, coming from the Soybean Breeding Program of the Federal University of Uberlandia, in their adaptive capacity and yield stability in three locations (Porangatu - GO, Porto Alegre do Norte - MT and Uberaba - MG) in the 2005/2006 and 2007/2008 growing seasons. For the adaptability and phenotypic stability analysis were used the methodology proposed by Toler (1990) and the Centroid method proposed by Rocha et al. (2005) and modified by Nascimento et al. (2009). A variance analysis was performed for each environment followed by a joint analysis where a significant effect for the genotype x location x year interaction component was detected. In the Centroid method analysis the genotype of higher average yield (UFU-002) was also the only one included in the ideotype VI of medium adaptability to favorable environments; by this same method 78.5% of the genotypes were included in the ideotype V of medium general adaptability. The analysis using Toler\'s (1990) method identified five genotypes with a divided pattern of response, being UFU-001, UFU-003, UFU-0010 and UFU-0011 classified in Group A with a convex pattern (doubly desirable), whereas genotypes UFU-008 and UFU-0013 were classified in Group E with a concave pattern (doubly undesirable). The genotype UFU-006 was classified as group B with specific adaptability to favorable environments; on the other hand genotype-UFU 0012 was classified as group D with specific adaptability to unfavorable environments. The graphic analysis using Toler\'s method was more conclusive, with better characterization of the genotypes behavior in favorable and unfavorable environments. The genotype UFU-008 was the only one to show low adaptive capacity to the evaluated environments by both methodologies. The genotypes UFU-001, UFU-002, UFU-006, UFU-0010 and UFU-0011 are the most recommended ones for the evaluated growing region, with high yield potential, specifically in high quality environments.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is a Fabaceae, which comes from China. Currently, it is widely grown in the world and in Brazil, as it is a source of oil and protein, very important in feeding in general. It is a valued product in commerce, considered a commodity. Soybean breeding programs are to obtain highly productive cultivars, associated with other features of interest, such as agronomic characters, resistance to pests and diseases, wide adaptation, obtaining better quality seeds, efficiency in the use of fertility, increased on oil and protein content. In this context, the knowledge of the correlation between characters is of great importance for the improvement as the selection of a character can positively or negatively influence another. During the breeding process to obtain new cultivars, one of the main difficulties to find cultivars widely adapted and stable is the occurrence of genotype x environment interaction. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between agronomic characters, study soybean path analysis and the genotype x environment interaction, and establish adaptability and productive stability in soybean lines. For the study of correlations, the experimental design used was a complete randomized block with three repetitions and 35 genotypes, being 31 lines from the breeding program at Federal University of Uberlândia and four commercial cultivars (UFUS 7910, BRSGO 7560, UFUS Xavante, M-Soy 8866). The characters evaluated were: number of days to blooming, plant height at blooming, number of days to maturity, plant height at maturity, height of first pod, number of nodes on the main stem at maturity, number of pods with one, two and three grains per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and grain productivity. The characters plant height at maturity and number of nodes at maturity showed positive and significant correlation between phenotypic and genotypic. The character of a hundred grains weight was positively correlated with grain productivity and combined with the high direct effect phenotypic and genotypic, therefore being useful for indirect selection in order to increase grain productivity in soybean. To study the adaptability and stability, the experimental design used was a complete randomized block with three repetitions and 18 genotypes, being 14 lines of the breeding program at Federal University of Uberlândia and four cultivars used as witnesses (Emgopa 316 UFUS Guarani UFUS Riqueza and M-Soy 8001). The UFUS-09-10 and UFUS UFUS-13 genotypes were considered to be widely adapted and stable in the environments tested, because they were thus classified in at least three methodologies analyzed. To favorable environments the UFUS-01-06 and UFUS UFUS-08 genotypes can be recommended, which were thus classified by three methodologies, studied. And to unfavorable environments are recommended UFUS-11-14 UFUS genotypes and cultivar Emgopa 316, which were thus classified by three methods. The use of more than one method can help and give greater confidence and safety on the recommendation of cultivars to the environments studied.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The perspective for maize are very encouraging, in view of the global needs for food, feed, and more recently, for clean energy. The Brazil is the third in this cereal production among the U.S.A and China and has high potential for growth in production, with the following advantages, such as production area, available water, potential to produce two annual crops, research institutes, etc. However, it is estimated that about 170 million ha of soils under savannah vegetation (brazilian cerrado) of Midwest of Brazil, are deficient in zinc. According to studies for various crops, including maize, there is the large number of information about applications micronutrient by foliar, soil, and seed treatment, using various sources such as salts, oxides, etc, with positive results in yields. Thus the present work aims to study the behavior of maize to zinc which was applied in seed treatment, with suspension concentrated product based on zinc oxide. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Uberlandia (MG). The experimental design was randomized, and doses of zinc in the seed treatment were based on exports of zinc by corn, according to the average value of 27.6 g Zn per 1000 kg of grain with the expectation from the yield of 9.0 t ha-1 in grains, being equivalent to 248.40 g ha-1 Zn. For the comparison to the seed treatment with zinc was used the Hoagland solution which has a soluble source of zinc as sulfate. According to results from the material collected 30 days after emergence, it was observed that for zinc contained in the dry mass of total plant, the seed treatment with fertilizer concentrated suspension obtained the best performance and did not differ statistically from treatment with complete Hoagland solution, which provided zinc as sulphate. Thus, according to the regression curve the best dosage of seed treatment with zinc was 173,45% of exports of the nutrient to an expected yield of 9,0 t ha-1, corresponding to 430 g of zinc for a total of 88,888 seeds.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior