Repositório RCAAP

It starts with the distinction between human rights and fundamental personality, considering the first positivized as those in universal declarations, the second as the rights of protection of human positivism in the Constitution of a country, and the latter as a particular group of rights of guardianship of the person of character infra. The starting point was therefore the theory of fundamental rights based on the finding that legal rules are principles or rules, and that only the first, securitize fundamental rights. The conflict of fundamental rights and solver through the law of collision via the method of weighting sets a precedence case and conditioned to always using the proportionality rule. The human dignity is absolute and fundamental right relative. It is the main foundation of the Brazilian Republic. In addition to conferring unity axiological fundamental rights, encourages the existence of personal rights. The rights of personality represent the equivalent of fundamental rights under infra. The employment relationship is, bound by the need to protect the human being. The standard of art. 8, the sole paragraph of the Labor Code, allows the widespread incidence of fundamental rights in the employment relationship, or indirectly via personality rights, or directly in the face of the failure of Private Law. A distinction is grounded in the magazine s public safety review grounded in defense of property of the employer, which is the object of confrontation for this work. Current Brazilian legislation prohibits only the intimate art magazine. 373-A of the CLT. The solution is not good behold, the Superior Labor Court is positioned so shaky. The alien law, in the same direction as the table is wobbly. The design of the Labour Code provides in its article 40 permissive for the magazine since it does not abusive and does not violate the privacy and physical integrity, and employee morale. The standard is a step backwards. Admitting the magazine in defense of property of the employer is, in one turn, reversing the constitutional foundation, putting up the umbrella in the background of the person and the protection of heritage in the foreground. It also presents breakdown of due process, the contradictory and full defense, the presumption of innocence, private justice practiced by the employer. Employers always have other means to defend their property, without the need to use journals. It requires the Legislature to operate the weighing between the employee s dignity and property of the employer setting, via a rule, the precedence of dignity and, consequently, the prohibition of any kind of magazine that aims at defending property of the employer.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar críticamente el Derecho Penal del enemigo, teoría creada por el jurista alemán Günther Jakobs, para verificar si esta teoría es compatible con el ordenamiento jurídico-penal de los Estados Constitucionales Democráticos, modelo de Estado adoptado por la República Federativa del Brasil, así como con la dignidad humana. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio hace uso de la investigación teórica, a través de un análisis del Derecho Penal del enemigo y del diálogo con otras teorías relacionadas, del método deductivo y del estudio de la bibliografía de obras nacionales y extranjeras. Estructuralmente, la investigación se divide en tres capítulos. El primer capítulo examina el contexto en que se inserta el tema, a través del estudio de la post-modernidad, de la sociedad del riesgo y de los dos momentos de la formulación teórica de Jakobs. En este sentido, se estudian los orígenes de la teoría, en 1985, y el segundo momento de su construcción, iniciado en la década de 90 y consolidado en trabajos posteriores. El segundo capítulo estudia la configuración actual del Derecho Penal del enemigo, detallando las bases filosóficas, las características y la diferenciación entre persona (ciudadano) y no-persona (enemigo) y se muestran ejemplos de esta teoría en las leyes de algunos países, como los Estados Unidos y la España. En el tercer capítulo, se estudia el Estado Constitucional Democrático y la dignidad humana, para, en un examen crítico, confrontar el Derecho Penal del enemigo y este modelo de Estado.

In response to protect the constitutionally guaranteed access, production and preservation of their intangible cultural heritage, and given the dictates of international realization of the fundamental right to culture, Union has structured administrative process of registry, which decision-making and actions set within the sphere of duties of IPHAN. The present research result is versed in the procedural framework of comparison of the registration process, governed primarily by the Federal Decree nº. 3551/2000 and Resolution nº. 01/2006/IPHAN, with the archetype of administrative due process imposed by Constitution and mainly by the Federal Law n.º 9.784/99. Its methodological structuring occurs by deductive research on national bibliographic, parallel to the comparative study for content analysis of the legal instruments listed. Just verified its terms with the aim of making them compatible with the opening acts for participation in decision-making, contradictory principle and the formation of multiple administrative appeal instances, it s noted that the ordinary law exceeds the subsidiarity, to justify multiple procedural acts distinct by the procedure originally proposed, such as the extension of its legitimating role, mitigation of the rigor of pre-formed evidence, prior intimation than extinctive acts, sealing the illegal evidence, conducting public hearings and consultations and implementation of appellate proceedings. Thereby, procedural practices are made conformable to achieve the proposed constitutional treatment aimed to protect transindividual heritage.

Le présent travail porte sur l\'étude des contrats privés de l\'enseignement. Le point de départ est l\'étude du droit à l\'éducation comme un droit social fondamental, ensuite, la question de l\'efficacité de ce droit, la constitutionnalisation du droit civil et de surmonter la dichotomie entre le public et le privé, pour arriver à une compréhension du «nouveau» paradigme contractuel. Par la suite, l\'étude se tourne vers la théorie générale des contrats, les principes directeurs des relations contractuelles et les changements dans le domaine des relations d\'affaires. Les caractéristiques spécifiques de l\'enseignement privé en vertu du Code Civil, du Code de la Protection des Consommateurs et de la Loi de Directrices et Bases de l\'Éducation, entre autres normes infra-constitutionnelles pertinentes, sont analysés dans la deuxième partie de ce travail. Il est montré, donc, que la transformation du caractère strictement patrimonial qui marquait non seulement les relations contractuelles, mais, le propre Droit Civil, répercute également dans les contrats privés d\'enseignement. Par conséquent, le contrat signé entre les établissements d enseignement supérieur privé et les étudiants, ou son représentant, doit représenter le caractère essentiel du service et respecter le traité des droits fondamentaux en question le droit à l\'éducation. Malgré l étude a été concentré surtout aux contrats privés de l enseignement supérieur, il n empêche que, ces situations peuvent également être appliqués à l enseignement primaire ou secondaire. Dans une troisième partie, le but est d\'analyser les contrats d\'enseignement concernant leur caractère concret et la tutelle de la personne, la question du performance, et de la responsabilité résulté de sa non-conformité, les obligations fiduciaires des contrats d\'enseignement et la responsabilité extra contractuelle pour manquement aux obligations de bonne foi. L\'étude des abus des droits est sous une large expérience juridique au Brésil, nous avons donc étudié les cas les plus emblématiques de la posture des tribunaux dans le procès de ces clauses abusives, en tenant compte de la société dans laquelle les décisions sont insérés, en gardant toujours les commandements constitutionnelles comme base pour l\'étude critique des problèmes fréquemment rencontrés.

This dissertation aims to verify the democratic legitimacy of judicialization in ensuring the right to health and how this judicialization interfere with the public budget point of order which the role of the judiciary in the effectiveness of the fundamental right to health. Therefore, it will be far a survey of the main theoretical concepts for and against which are based on the discussion of judicialization of the fundamental right to health and its relationship with democracy. After, which will be studied statistically reflections of judgments in the training budget in public health function in the periods of 2002-2011, to verify that the power duty of the judiciary from interfering in public policy regarding health affects or contributes to its effectiveness in the short and long term. In order to achieve the overall objective of the work will be necessary, first, a brief presentation about the dogmatic conceptions of Fundamental Rights to Social contextualize as the right to health becomes a fundamental law prestacional endowed effectiveness thereby delimiting the object of research. Then it will search the main theoretical foundations for and against judicial intervention in other powers, for the purpose of completing the legitimacy or otherwise of the judiciary in promoting the realization of the right to health in this case as well, if democratically legitimized, in which case he may or may not do it. Then we will analyze the influence of judicialization of the fundamental right to health in the public budget through analysis of statistical data of annual budget laws in the period 2002 to 2011 to see if there is a discrepancy in the amount paid by the Union because of the convictions judiciary in the health sector and the amount budgeted for, and if there was increased budgetary provision for health due to the increase in the number of convictions of the judiciary towards the realization of the right to health in the long run. To submit both a contextualization about the conceptual and legal aspects governing the Public Budget, the elements forming the budget for public health and for payment of condemnation against the government on the fundamental right to health and only then analyze the impacts of judgments in training budget public health function. Finally, after the calculation of all content researched as explained above, you can achieve the main goal of the research is to define the role of the judiciary in the effectiveness of the fundamental right to health beyond the limits of the sentence, note the conclusions reached regarding the consequences of their decisions in budgeting public regarding the right to health by checking if you can establish the existence of an indirect function constraining of the judiciary in relation to other powers in the concentration of efforts to meet the expectations of society in effecting the fundamental right to health, when democratically legitimated.

Criminalization has Primary diurnal covering crimes omissive, requiring your further study. The omission can not always be typed in all its aspects, therefore, the existence of crimes omissive is inappropriate given that reprehensible attitudes do not go unpunished. The crimes may occur through action and omission. The omission, as shown in this study, is classically divided into proper and improper. Those are expressly provided for by law and these require matching clause. Omissive crimes can be distinguished by their crimes commissive elements. The position ensures attention has been paid in the present study, in order to consolidate the cases in which a person really must answer the inaction.

The Tax on Rural Property (ITR), constitutionally provided and regulated by Law 9.393/96, has rates ranging from 0.03 to 20%, applied to the value of rural land. What we intend to unveil in the present study is that the rate of 20% tax ceases to have effect and becomes confiscation activity prohibited by the Constitution of 1988 in its article 150, item IV.Apresenta is therefore a stir caused by the absence of constitutional legislation, which demarcate a boundary between what is considered a tribute and what comes to be able to fit confisco.Para or not the ITR and its rate of 20% on the land, it is imperative to check the current forms of distinction between what you consider tax and confiscate. Finally, there is a fine line between tax and confiscate? Or what differentiates these practices would be an abyss? What really noticed is that the tax burden is overwhelming in this country, generating, in Brazil, the impression of no limits for the recovery of tributos.Ocorre that limit the collection of taxes there is exaggerated in the Constitutional text of 1988, more precisely in the art. 150, section IV, which prohibits the confiscation. However, this clause of the Constitution by the majority errs by not providing, to the taxpayer, parameters that allow the correct view of what will be confiscated, causing you the feeling of abandonment before the voracity state.

The question regards the enforcement of fundamental social leaps out of the modern lawyer as one of the most important to the perfect realization of the social and democratic state of law. If before social rights emerged as a way to ease an alleged tension between classes, even if he is now the characteristic basic and fundamental to the maintenance of minimum conditions ofhuman existence, especially regarding the question of dignity. However, the FundamentalSocial Rights are great difficulties in its execution. In this sense, this paper will discuss the possibility of judicial power in the application of the Fundamental Social Rights of Integral Protection of Children and Adolescents in cases of retraction of the Legislative and / orExecutive. It will address also the problems concerning the legitimacy of this action and the limits in relation to the reserve as possible and the minimum existence. The question is how theeffectiveness of the Fundamental Social Rights can be achieved. What is the role of the judiciary at this point? What is the importance of popular participation in that sense? What are the consequences and criticism that comes from this action? In short, we intend to identify and/or encourage democratic participation of civil society in relation to decisions that deal with the implementation of these meta-individual rights.

This work aimed at making a study on the \"Leniency Agreement\", a legal institute used in the course of administrative sanctioning procedures that investigate violations of the economic order, more specifically those which are linked to the formation of cartels . The analysis proposed here has surpassed the notion of the institute as a simple mechanism of evidence acquisition, going beyond. The investigation started from the perspective of its consensual nature in order to insert it in the current context of a greater democratization of Public Administration. To do so, it was made an analysis on some conceptual categories such as administrative procedure , public interest , democratic principle and legitimacy , as well as, a study of some implicit and explicit constitutional principles of the Public Administration legality, purpose, morality, impartiality and efficiency principles looking forward to reframing them in the context of the emerging Interventional State. Therefore, on the one hand, it was done an incursion on the constitutional and economic order, on the other, an analysis of the administrative processuality regarding the changes through which the administrative law has passed and is still passing. By using the deductive method and the documentary and bibliographical research techniques it was possible to verify that the Leniency Agreement , a consensual procedural mechanism, appears as a genuine legitimacy instrument on sanctioning brazilian antitrust procedure, once it makes practical an efficient state actioning in the pursuit for public interest satisfaction.

In everyday life forensics, is increasingly common situation of employees and employers do not know the path that should take when one worker, who was for a period away from work activities realizing their social security benefits, receive a medical discharge from the National Institute Social Security (INSS), attends the company\'s headquarters and this, however, does not authorize the return to work, because it still considers him unfit for regular professional development activities for which he was hired. Worker is removed from their source of income. Receives no salary and other benefits. She receives social security benefits. You can not harness their labor services to another borrower. The result is harmful: it can not provide the necessary means for the acquisition of tangible and intangible assets necessary to live with dignity. The social value of work and the dignity of the citizen worker are not respected. The worker knocks on the doors of the judiciary, requiring the adoption of a decision that will restore dignity. We must therefore seek a solution which is legally feasible to check the judicial persecution. It is necessary that this decision will safeguard the security of the existential minimum. The concepts of state and its evolution, the legal system as a system of values and systematic interpretation of constitutional provisions, seeking to enforce the principle of human dignity, will assist us in this way. Are such lessons, the foundation for the work they intend to develop for in the end give the Labour Court an extremely important role in the recovery of the dignity of the worker.

The affirmative action policies have become a major instrument for achieving the desirendand fundamental principle of substantive equality. So, quotas, quotas, in a variety of purposes, need also brad doctrinal study, in order to give legal support to the implementation. The primary object of this research is precisely to analize the relation of the affirmative action with the principle of equality. After that, pretend to study, in particular the model of quotas imposed by CONSUN-UFU, through Resolution 20/2008, in favor of studentes from public schools.

Este trabajo es parte de la discusión sobre la aplicación del principio de proporcionalidad en el Derecho Penal brasileño. Para ello, utilizamos la investigación teórica, el método deductivo y el estudio de la doctrina de material bibliográfico nacional y extranjero. El principio de proporcionalidad se debe al fenómeno de la constitucionalización y de la democratización de los países, y es un instrumento valioso para la protección de los derechos fundamentales y del interés público, ya que permite el control de la intervención estatal y funciona como una medida para suya interpretación. Y no hay duda de que se debe aplicar en el Derecho Penal, especialmente por este ser la forma más violenta de la intervención estatal, afectando directamente los derechos fundamentales. Entonces viene la pregunta de cómo garantizar la aplicación del principio de proporcionalidad en el escenario actual del sistema penal. Hoy hemos experimentado, en el sistema jurídico brasileño, una representación de los legisladores y juristas fuera del contexto de la armonización y de la proporcionalidad. El aumento de la delincuencia en general y el discurso político expansivo han motivado reformas penales y el régimen de engrosamiento, con el agravante de penas y ampliación de los tipos penales. En este contexto, se hace necesaria una relectura de las leyes penales basadas en el principio de proporcionalidad. El principio de proporcionalidad permite evaluar la legitimidad de la norma penal y es un límite a la intervención en el derecho fundamental a la libertad. Pero el uso del principio de proporcionalidad no puede ser totalmente discrecional y arbitrario. Se necesita de una aplicación bien estructurada y motivada, ya que sólo de esta manera se dispone de un método seguro y eficaz de control de las leyes penales.

La presente dissertazione si propone di investigare l ammissibilità o meno della prova illecita nella fase attuale del processo civile e quali sono le conseguenze giuridiche procesuale di questa (in)ammissibilità. A questo scopo, si esaminano le fasi evolutive del processo civile e si giunge alla conclusione dell esistenza di una nuova fase, chiamata neoprocessualismo ovvero processo civile costituzionale, con caratteristiche proprie. Si studia, altresì, la relazione della verità e della prova, eleggendo all interno delle principali teorie della conoscenza (teorie della verità) la logica-razionale del linguaggio, indicando essere quest ultima quella che più si trova in consonanza con la realtà attuale del Diritto e della prova nel processo civile costituzionale. Ancora, si indaga sul concetto di prova, difendendo la possibilità di una concezione unitaria, e viepiù si analizzano le sue caratteristiche, i suoi effetti e le sue limitazioni. Si studia, successivamente, la prova illecita nel suo sembiante storico e nelle principali legislazioni straniere, oltre al suo concetto ed alle teorie tradizionali riguardo la sua ammissibilità. Cerchiamo di contribuire alla sistematizzazione delle prove illecita nella procedura civile, proponendo l\'analisi di tale istituto nell a prospettiva jus-filosofica (neoprocessualsimo e verità logica ragionevole del linguaggio) che culmina nel giusto processo, di ammissibilità delle prove relative illegale.

Ese trabajo posee como objetivo la realización de un estudio acerca de la posibilidad de la armonización legislativa fiscal sobre bienes de consumo entre los Estados miembro del Mercosur. Para tanto, es necesario observar los procedimientos previstos por el Mercosur para que suyas normas pasen a vigorar, así como, el método utilizado em cada Estado miembro para la incorporación de dichas normas, además de estudiar los sistemas jurídicos tributarios de cada país, en específico los tributos que inciden sobre los bienes de consumo. Como objetivos específicos fueran definidos los siguientes: conceptuar, clasificar y contextualizar históricamente el proceso de integración regional entre Estado y, en específico, aquél ocurrido en el Mercosur; estudiar los objetivos previstos en el Tratado de Asunción; analizar el proceso de producción normativa del Mercosur y la recepción de esas normas por los Estados miembros; investigar acerca de la dinámica de la tributación sobre los bienes de consumo en cada un de los países y, por fin, verificar la posibilidad de introducir una armonización legislativa fiscal en lo que se refiere a los bienes de consumo en el ámbito del Mercosur. Al final, se objetiva concluir por la posibilidad de que esa armonización sea concretamente efectuada. Para desarrollar esa investigación, fue utilizado el método deductivo, con tipo de investigación documental y bibliográfica.

Desarrollar la sostenibilidad es el reto que los países tratan de lograr en el siglo XXI. Para se requiere el crecimiento de un país para llevar a cabo esta adquisición y entrar en acuerdos destinadas a la realización de las actividades del Estado. El instrumento utilizado por el Estado para hacer cumplir estos contratos es la licitación, entendida como un proceso mediante el cual la Administración Pública busca el mejor postor, en la compra de bienes y de servicios. Además, el Estado es responsable en gran medida el logro de los derechos fundamentales, como el derecho al medio ambiente, entendido como una condición esencial para una vida digna. Es deber del Estado, por lo tanto, mantenga las políticas públicas destinadas a la protección del medio ambiente. En el caso de las ofertas, no es suficiente para el gobierno a la oferta económicamente más ventajosa, es necesario que sea ecológicamente correcto. En este sentido se plantea la adquisición sostenible, lo que corresponde a una forma de integración de los resultados ambientales, sociales y económicos en las compras y contratos celebrados por la Administración Pública. Por lo tanto, este estudio tiene como objetivo verificar si el adquisición sostenible puede ser utilizado como una herramienta por el Estado, con miras a la realización del derecho al medio ambiente, ya sea desde la perspectiva de un derecho fundamental o derecho humano.

The research analyzes the application of good faith in federal administrative process. Checks the influence in the process of the categories of fact (in the existence, validity and effectiveness), law (rule, principle and postulate) and value (formal axiology and material). Talks on the good faith in civil procedure (linked to its antithesis, litigation of bad faith) and administrative law (attached to his public image, morality). Seek to understand the broad administrative process, on grounds of procedural phases of law 9.784/99. Talks about the responsibility of the duty to cooperate in the exercise of administrative function. The study is documentary and theoretical. The methodological procedure used is the deduction and argumentation theory. The content analysis, linked to the type of desk research and historical method, involves understanding the merits (substantial ideas surrounding ethics) of the primary sources (Constitution and law 5.869/73 and 9.784/99). In this way, the administrative procedure constitutes analysis unit of this dissertation and the pursuit of collaboration lies in the justification of this stub. The result, logical reasoning, found the existence of a categorical imperative in cooperation.

This study aims to position itself with respect to the possibility of intervention of the Judiciary in the contracts of private health care as a means effective for obtaining the fair balancing of interests securitized by the users and providers of health insurance in the light of the right to health and legitimate expectations generated from these contracts. In fact, the health plan contract is in Brazilian society, an instrument of paramount importance to ensure access to medical, hospital, due, notably, the failure of public health care. However, given the nature of this business adhesion legal and contractual position of dependence occupied by the user, there is a submission existential interest the right to health the achievement of equity interest profit taking which enables therefore the adoption of abusive practices by health plan operators. Thus, by carrying out documentary and bibliographical research and the adoption of deductive methodology was used, it will seek to demonstrate the legitimacy of the provocation of the Judiciary so that compliance with the fundamental right to health and social values of contract law, is imposed on the adequacy of the bond obligatory reformulating contractual vitiated imbalance/abusiveness or even determine its withdrawal from the contract, to obtain the substantial justice of the covenant and, as a result, the care of their existential purpose.

L État Démocratique de Droit doit promouvoir la vivance et convivance humain avec dignité et harmonie. Le principal vecteur pour cette réalisation est la garantie au cityoen la participation effective en exercice des fonctions d État, en spécial l activité administratif. Cette étude vise à comprendre le droit à la participation populaire dans le système juridique brésilien, avec l\'adoption de trois critères d\'analyse: d\'abord, dans le cadre d\'enquêtes de nature constitutionnelle juridiques établies dans la Constitution de 1988, qui soutiennent la participation populaire comme un droit fondamental. Deuxièmement, dans le domaine de l\'administration publique afin d\'établir sa relation avec processualité administrative. Enfin, dans l\' institut de l audience publique, en particulier sur la réglementation introduite par la loi 9.784/99, pour vérifier l\'efficacité sociale de la participation.

Actualmente, la sociedad tiene vivenciado un constante proceso tecnológico que también ha producido influjos en la esfera criminal. El aumento macizo de la preocupación con la minimización de los riesgos globales se refleja en una expansión del Derecho Penal para la protección de intereses antes impensados por las escuelas clásicas. En la tentativa de satisfacer tales pretensiones, el uso de mecanismos dogmáticos polémicos y la búsqueda por una tutela efectiva en la protección de esos nuevos intereses, en detrimento, muchas veces, de garantías penales solidificadas desde las conquistas iluministas, se ha demostrado como una realidad global. En ese contexto, emerge como importante cuestión la verificación de cuáles serían los límites del jus puniendi estatal, o, mejor diciendo, si ese poder de criminalizar conductas estaría respetando los límites impuestos por un Estado Democrático de Derecho. Cupo a la teoría del bien jurídico, sobre todo después de la Segunda Guerra, la función crítica de limitar el poder de punir del Estado. Esa concepción, hoy de alguna manera decadente en algunos países de Europa, aún encuentra grandes adeptos en el territorio brasileño, siendo tal, ambiente fértil para una discusión realista y de fundamental importancia, con vista a los peligros de un Estado detentor de un poder ilimitado. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo, utilizándose de un raciocinio deductivo y de vasta investigación bibliográfica, nacional y extranjera, tiene como objetivo evidenciar el importante papel del concepto de bien jurídico en el Derecho Penal, pero reconociendo la insuficiencia del concepto para desempeñar la función de fundamento de legitimidad del Derecho Penal de modo que no impida que esa área jurídica presente la dinamicidad necesaria para atender a las nuevas necesidades de la sociedad actual.

À l'époque contemporaine, les discussions sur le développement imprègnent l'agenda politique mondial, étant donné que les impacts à la fois la pratique et l'absence de politiques publiques de développement se chevauchent les frontières nationales, ce qui implique, par conséquent, à formuler des propositions dans transnationale. Cependant, il faut analyser les fondements de le droit au développement, en cherchant à comprendre les éléments de cette étude, la formation et l'évolution de ce domaine du droit au niveau international.