Repositório RCAAP

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The main this study was investigate how may shrub-woody species richness be the effected by sensu stricto cerrado fragmentation. We hypothesized that species richness may be influenced by size, fragment shape and degree isolament, with zoocoric species being more strongly affected by fragmentation. The Landsat 7 satellite image (11/out./2002) was used to produce digitized maps of each fragment. The land use and land cover maps were produced using in the program SPRING 4.1 and the fragmentation index area, perimeter, shape, distances to nearest neighbor and isolation were determined for each fragment. The floristic inventories were conducted in a total of nine cerrado fragments. In each fragment 50 plots were established. All individuals com CAP > 15cm were identified and their height and perimeter were measured in 50 plots of 10 x 10m. To the individuals with CAP <15cm and > 1m height the plots of 10 x 10m were subdivided in plots of 5 x 10m and all individuals were identified and counted in these. A total of 16.714 individuals belonging to in 170 species, 107 generous and 50 botanical families was surveyed in the nine cerrado fragment studied. The multiple linear regression indicated that the richness shrub-woody species was affected by fragment area, but not by fragment shape and degree of isolation. Negative relationship was founded between percentage of autocoric species and fragment size (rs= -0,790), and isolation was correlated with the percentage of zoocoric species (rs = 0,755). The percentage of autocoric individual was negatively correlated with shape fragmen (r = -0,719). Anemocory did not relationship with the other variables considered this study. This study suggests that larger fragments are necessary to conservation of shrub and tree species of the sensu stricto cerrado, however, small fragments are also important elements of the landscape because increase the connection between fragments or areas of continuous habitat.

This study describes a tree community dynamics based in two successive surveys taken with a 14 years interval with the objective of analyzing changes that occurred in the community in the period. The study was carried out in a semideciduous forest area by using 50 plots of 10 m x 10 m, where all trees with GBH > 10 cm were sampled in 1990 and again in 2004. In 1990 there was registered a total of 95 species and 818 individuals, while in 2004, we registered 95 species and 866 individuals. The basal area of the first inventory was 14.43 m2 and in the second was 13.42 m2. The floristic composition changed but the number of species remained the same. The species that disappeared were Aspidosperma parviflorum, Byrsonima laxiflora, Casearia decandra, Guarea guidonea, Machaerium nictitans, Maprounea guianensis, Maytenus sp., Qualea dichotoma, Xylopia sericea and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium and new entries were Casearia gossypiosperma, Eugenia sp., Ficus sp., Machaerium stipitatum, Myrcia rostrata, Myrcia sp., Ocotea lanceolata, Ocotea percoriacea, Pavonia malacophylla, and Unonopsis lindmanii. The Shannon s diversity index was 4.05 nats.individual-1 and the Pielou s evenness 0.62 in 1990 and 3.72 nats.individual-1 and 0.57 in 2004. The mean annual mortality rate was 4.1% and the mean annual recruitment rate 4.5%. The species that contributed most for the mortality rate were Casearia grandiflora and Siparuna guianensis while for the recruitment were Siparuna guianensis and Trichilia pallida. Mortality and recruitment were higher in the first diameter class. For number of individuals the half life was 16.92 years, the time of duplication was 15.04 years, stability was 1.06 years and turnover was 15.98 years. Changes observed in the forest community between surveys indicates that this fragment is possibility still a adapting to the interference suffered with the fragmentation and isolation in relation to others semideciduous forest areas.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The industrial activities are responsible for a great part of the global impacts on the environment. Some of the main questions related to these problems are: the heating of the temperature of the land, the destruction of the ozone layer, the pollution of waters, the degradation of the ground and the loss of biodiversity. The aim of this research was to investigate the involvement of the Uberlandia s private companies, with the environment education. To reach this objective a questionnaire was sent to 63 companies of Uberlandia focusing: activities exerted for the company versus environment damages; existence of programs or projects financed by the company directed towards the environment preservation; who is the target public of these projects; who demands these projects; which activities are expected in these projects; who are the involved professionals in these projects; which bibliography is used as reference; explanation for the absence of investments in this sector; interest in implement them in case they still do not exist; which activities the company would like to be involved with; which are the barriers for the development of activities of environment education in the company and which contribution the environment education can add to the businesses of the company. Twenty eight companies answered to the questionnaires, and their answers evidenced that, even though to invest in environment projects is not a priority for the city companies, possibilities of investments in this area exist, a result that stimulates the environment educators who act in schools, in parks and other informal spaces to look for the companies in the direction to search for partnerships for the development of projects in the city, aiming the environment preservation.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Aquatic ecosystems have suffered intense pressure from human activities. Studies on water quality are important because they may indicate possible environmental impacts, and how these impacts disturb the aquatic ecosystem and the organisms that live there. As the assessment of water quality through physical and chemical parameters are insufficient to determine the ecological status of water biological monitoring has been presented as an effective method in determining this quality because it uses the structure of communities related to the environment as an indicator the degree of degradation. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate the benthic community in Uberabinha River Basin to propose an adaptation of BMWP to the regional reality of this basin, with the intention of establishing an initial diagnosis of the waters of the Triângulo Mineiro region. 308,176 organisms were identified in 64 taxa in the 28 sampling sites, of these, 6,145 distributed in 22 families belonged to the families of EPT. Among the points collected three were considered with excellent water quality, nine were considered of good quality, eight were considered satisfactory, seven had a poor quality of water and only one point was considered of terrible quality. When evaluating the points located on the Uberabinha river basin from the perspective of microrregions, then a tendency becomes clear by BMWP-TRI, where most of the points located upstream of the city were rated good to fair water, while most of the points on the perimeter urban and downstream of the city were classified as poor or very poor in relation to water quality. Through the results obtained by biomonitoring, we emphasize that the methodology adopted, was able to show changes in water quality conditions quite well. The score and rating points during the study period showed degradation processes in the studied environments.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Biological monitoring is an effective method for determining the quality of water because it uses the community structure as an indicator of the degree of pollution. Among the groups of invertebrates that are used as bioindicators, deserve mention insects of the Odonata order. These insects have aquatic larval stage and are present in diverse aquatic environments such as rivers, streams, lakes and even temporary ponds or marshes. In aquatic environments associated with the Cerrado it is still fairly limited the number of studies performed with macroinvertebrates, mainly Odonata. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Odonata larvae as bioindicators of the quality of Cerrado watercourses, testing the following hypotheses: i) there is correspondence between assemblage parameters (richness and diversity) of Odonata and indices of environmental integrity related to the characteristics of water and habitat structure, and ii) abiotic factors such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and others are crucial to the presence of certain genera of Odonata in the watercourses. The study was conducted in 12 watercourses in Uberlândia and Uberaba (MG Brazil), with different levels of conservation. For the evaluation of water quality samples were collected for analysis of the following parameters: apparent color, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, pH, total solids, turbidity, temperature and fecal coliforms. For the evaluation of ecological conditions of the sites studied we applied a rapid assessment protocol. The data on the use and occupation of the areas was obtained by photointerpretation of current satellite images (sensor images of Landsat TM 05/10/2010 - Scene 220, orbit 072). For the sampling of Odonata larvae in each watercourse were selected stretches of 100 m. This section was divided into 20 segments of 5 m, and to perform the sampling were randomly selected five of these segments. In each selected segment, a sample was obtained, using a D-type network with a mesh of 0.25 mm. A standardized sampling effort of six minutes was used in each segment, dragging the net along the sediment and riparian vegetation. To characterize the Odonata larval communities richness and diversity were used. To evaluate the relationship of environmental indicators with the descriptors of the Odonata assemblages a PCA was used. To evaluate the relationship between the assemblages of Odonata larvae and physico-chemical parameters of water a CCA was used. We recorded 101 individuals, belonging to six families and 21 genera. The highest abundances were recorded in Liso, Óleo and São José streams, and the Liso and São José streams also had the highest richness. There was a predominance of genera belonging to the family Libellulidae. In PCA, there was a negative correlation between the metrics of environmental integrity and descriptors of Odonata assemblage. The Axis 1 of PCA explained 58.18% of the variance, while Axis 2 explained only 29.66%. The CCA did not show significant results for any of the axes. Thus, there was no significant relationship between the abundance of taxa and variation in environmental parameters for the water bodies studied. However, there was a trend of some genera to occur at better environmental conditions, while others are more tolerant. These results obtained, although not conclusive, indicate that the genera of Odonata have the potencial to be used as environmental quality bioindicators.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

As florestas ribeirinhas se dividem em matas ciliares e matas de galeria. As matas de galeria são importantes na manutenção dos recursos hídricos e da fauna a elas associada. Esses ambientes sofrem degradação e para a conservação e restauração são necessários estudos que entendam o funcionamento das espécies na comunidade. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar a variabilidade na área foliar específica em mata de galeria inundável do córrego do Glória (Uberlândia/MG) e mata de galeria não-inundável do ribeirão do Panga (Uberlândia/MG) e utilizar atributos reprodutivos como síndrome de polinização, síndrome de dispersão e sistema sexual, para comparação entre distintas áreas de mata de galeria inundável e também comparando com a mata de galeria não-inundável do Panga. Foram utilizados os dados florísticos já realizados nas matas de galeria não inundável do Panga (Uberlândia/MG), da mata de galeria inundável do Glória (Uberlândia/MG) e diversas outras matas de galeria inundável. A partir desses estudos foram calculados o IVC (Índice de Valor de Cobertura) e selecionadas as espécies. Para avaliar a variabilidade da área foliar específica foram utilizadas e as médias de AFE (área foliar específica) das espécies para comparação entre as duas áreas com o teste t de Student; já para analisar os padrões reprodutivos entre as matas de galeria inundável e compará-las com os padrões do Panga foram feitos testes de qui-quadrado. Os resultados do teste t mostraram que as médias das espécies da mata de galeria do Glória foram significativamente maiores do que as médias da mata de galeria do Panga. Protium heptaphyllum foi a única espécie co-ocorrente e também apresentou média significativamente maior na mata de galeria do Glória. As espécies vegetais com maiores AFE possuem uma maior captação de luz por unidade de biomassa investida, mas tendem a ter maior evaporação e perda de água. Por isso, a mata de galeria inundável, que não tem restrição hídrica para as espécies, pode apresentar maiores lâminas foliares. Com relação aos três atributos reprodutivos analisados, as áreas mostraram ser diferentes entre si e através de representação gráfica pode-se analisar que não houve padrões definidos entre as áreas, mas uma tendência a semelhanças entre várias áreas, principalmente em áreas próximas geograficamente, como as áreas de Uberlândia/MG. Quando comparados a padrões encontrados em outros estudos, as matas de galeria são semelhantes a outras áreas de floresta tropical, como alto índice de dioicia, que é relacionado a ambientes úmidos, maior porcentagem de dispersão zoocórica, especialmente por aves, e maior porcentagem de polinizadores generalistas, que são geralmente associados à dioicia.

There is evidence that roadside vegetation can conserve local native flora. However, the studies providing this evidence were conducted primarily in grasslands. Not much is known of the potential conservation of roadside vegetation in more complex physiognomies, such as tropical savannas. We compared the structure of cerrado vegetation (sensu stricto) along roadsides areas with that in preserved areas. On average there were, on the superior layer, 2.7 times more individuals and 1.4 times more species in the reserves than in the roadside. In the intermediate layer we found 1.7 times more individuals and 25% more species in reserves than in roadside. In addition, in the roadside there was a lower prevalence of tree species with thin bark, forest species and species pollinated by specialist agents. Similarly, in the intermediate layer, we found a lower proportion of forest species and scattered by animals in the roadside. These differences occur, possibly because during the construction of the roads, the vegetation of their banks is cleared and part of the land is taken to landfill the road. Later, they suffer from a higher fire frequency and high coverage (80% average) of exotic grasses. Moreover, it is likely that the absence of some pollinators and dispersers on roadsides may affect the recruitment of new individuals. Despite these differences, the roadsides are able to maintain at least 70% of tree species and 72% of shrub species found in reserves. These results suggest that roadside vegetation can contribute to the conservation of the flora of Cerrado, especially considering that over 60% of the original area of this ecosystem has been destroyed and that less than 4% is protected.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais