Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The comprehension of the constitutional principle of human beings dignity, on which Federal Constitution of 1988 is established, presupposes an understanding of its formal and material aspects. Formal dignity is inherent to man; material dignity presupposes social rights attendance, at least, those rights that constitute the so-called minimum existential, which are difficult due to the indetermination of their content. Human beings dignity, as a founding principle of current Law is approached in this text giving it sense and unit. It is, for many, a meta-principle or, in a better sense, an overright, without which other constitutional principles do not have reason for existence. A dignified life requires that social rights are satisfied. These social rights are stated in article 6 of FC/1988 among which are housing rights, inserted in the constitutional emend 26/2000. The framework of the Federal Constitution does not present social rights under the heading that deals with the foundations of the Democratic Status Quo, but that is the way they are classified, constituting the definition of human beings dignity. Consolidating the developing of human beings dignity, the current Constitution establishes that economic order, founded both on the valorization of human work and on the free initiative, assures a dignified life to all, observing private property and the social function of property, what means the utilization of the land according to public interests. Law 10,257/2001, named City Code, regulates the constitutional articles (182 and 183) that read on urban policy, guaranteeing the right to the sustainable cities, understood as the right to urban land, housing, environmental management, and instruments for public Power actions that can, eventually, dispossess land. Social exclusion requires, in this way, a revision of the significance of cities and of the right to them. Once socially excluded, man does not have access to goods offered by them. The correlation of constitutional articles with the principle of dignity is presented all along the text, everything being done to materially attend the principle-value of human beings dignity. The convergence of the constitutional and infraconstitutional rules for the principle of human beings dignity is inevitable, since the State exists for man, and that man, in order to exist, occupies a place. The one who doesn t have a place to occupy and live neither has dignity.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The work that if follows approaches the context, politician, economic and social cultural of the nesting of the Divided Agrarian Reformation. More specifically, it analyzes the ways of life, the production and reproduction of the place and the communitarian space of the living citizens of this nesting. The commercialization of ownerships of lots was one of the reasons that had guided the accomplishment of the research, therefore, in our agreement, such situation consists as a problem for the Agrarian Reformation. The concerns in understanding the reason of the sales of lots had directed the studies for the particularitities that if make gifts in the lived space. The strategy was to analyze the reality of practical the social ones of the familiar producers, by means of its speaks, in way that we could know its trajectories of life, its seated or buying conquests while of lots. Being thus, we extend our theoretical knowledge concerning the work of field in Geography, analyzing, from geographic, sociological, anthropological and historiograficas workmanships, the descriptive method and verbal history. When knowing on the daily one of the interviewed ones, we perceive that the cycles of the nature are important for the productive process in agriculture. The parties, the leisure, the individual work and the collective one constitute the daily one, being this structuralized, over all, for the work. In this direction, the collective relations for affinities if become important for reproduction and structure of the daily one. In this way, when analyzing the life ways, we understand that significant divergences that hinder the production of an only collective social space, around the productive activities exist. Some families possess to know and abilities regarding the agricultural production, therefore, in its trajectories of life, had acquired knowledge from diverse experiences lived in the agricultural space. Other families had not lived experiences in the agricultural one and possess urban origin. These have difficulties in working, producing and to get income from the uses of the lot. Of this form, the place is produced and reproduced by the conflicts, agreements and misunderstandings between living families of the nesting. The reproduction of the life, by means of the uses and appropriations of the lots, becomes a challenge, since the production of the place is conflict, permeate for frustrate conquests, negotiations and for failures in the production and the collective organizations. It is in this way that the reality nestings goes them being produced and reproduced. Some families abandon the dream to possess a land property, therefore ahead of the difficulties of generation of producing, income, relating collectively if politics and technique attainment of assistance of the Government, the community and getting financial profits for the sales of its conquest, they opt in commercializing the ownership of the lot. In this trajectory, the nets of sociability appeared by the collective relationship of the families who remain liveing in the nesting go being constructed and modified for the coming of new families. Analyzing this situation, we understand that the sales of ownerships of lots have, as cause, a set of factors that appear in the lived space and if they relate the failures in meeting gifts in the interior of the communitarian space and in the extra-communitarian social relations that the collective one establishes.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The present research was developed in São Francisco middle region, in the city of Ibiaí, north of Minas gerais, having as locos empírico the peasant community of Barra do Pacuí. The approach was conducted to investigate how, by being included in the rural world, the peasant of this community can realize, feel, represent and act about the environment in whitch they live and work. To reach this objective, I made an methodological base using procedures and instruments for data collection that brought me as close as I could of a qualitative approach, working in the participative observation practical perspective about the residents daily life, their work relations, or better saying, the Barra do Pacuí peasants way of life. Were made, a communitarian census, free interviews and visual appointments of the observed facts, besides a location map confection, drawing, diagrams and croqui of the studied area. In the theoretical point of view, I treated concepts about the environmental question, the relationship environment and space and, the symbolical and economical constitution of the traditional communities. There were also included issues relating to technical and scientific influence in current geographical space configuration and their repercussion in the rural brazilian world, including the north of Minas Gerais. I call attention to the interlocution with João Guimarães, who was used to constitute between people, scenes and scenarios, the space of the sertão and the transformations that the region has been passing by in consequence of the State political actions since the decade of 1970, specially SUDENE s action. Finally I did an community ethnographical analysis, that allowed me characterize their way of life and ways of handling local environment. Detaching, internal geographical aspects and how, on terms of the peasant economical production, was established in the common uses of the territory a policultura system, including fishing activity, to extract the minimos vitais that can guaranty their political, economical and cultural reproduction.

The emergence of recent approaches, identified together with the term complexity , which seek to understand reality as a result of the multiple action of various factors, and which oppose the traditional theoretical standards in use in the various areas of knowledge, are provoking the development of endless research in a different focus in Geography. This study tries to verify up to what point these approaches to complexity offer theoretical, referential contributions for studies made in this field. For this reason, it became necessary to establish the distinction between the notion of method, or discovery logic, approaches and research procedure. Following this came the analysis of books, texts and experiments which expound the theme of complexity in Geography. The similarity between some procedures identified with complexity in relation to the customary expressions of geographers, suggested as an explanation for the wide acceptance of these approaches, was verified. It was also possible to distinguish, in general terms, two types of expression, the results of the application of complexity approaches in Geography. The first corresponds with those who make use of the original theories of natural science in the interpretation of geographic phenomena based on computer models. The second can be identified by the pre-eminence of the philosophic, historic, metascientific or literary presentations and by frequently using the term paradigm , which plays an essential part in the theoretical elaboration of Edgar Morin, the principal influence for this source.

The present written work carries through a critical boarding to the design of etymological geography, and its object of study. So interdisciplinary, focus on the right environmental space, from the modern conception of geography resolute science of the applied social conflicts. May there be sight, considering the standard values come from the threedimensional theory to the detriment of the standard positivist, searching a development sustainable, and the had application of the ambient legislation, what should be implanted in favour of the construction of an exclusive ambient conscience. Still, we are attentive to the importance of the exercise of the participatory citizenship, in order to consolidate the democratic system of Right, in the moving one to the guardianship of the environment. Concluding the work from a case study, the importance of the worked theoretical content is noticed it, explaining how the application of the legal precept sometimes used, at the expense of proper regulatory supervision, applied to the Environment.

This work aims at understanding how high levels of inequalities from which injustice and social exclusion are derived become so evident, as we observe that the majority of the Brazilian population black people does not have dignified life conditions in order to guarantee these individuals with the right to citizenship. As the marginalization of black people is verified in the Brazilian Society we can make use of the teaching of Geography as an opportunity of debate and discussion about this reality. We discuss on the necessity of improvement and redoing of the school curriculum to convert the school in a democratic space, without racial prejudice as well as the value of family culture that is brought to the school. Some questions are references in this change: What representations the discourse of Geography does, regarding black people social inclusion? How are black people approached in the textbooks of Geography? What is defended by the teachers of Geography in the classroom? What is the role of the school in the citizen training? These questions point to a necessity of an articulation between Education and the specific content of Geography, recovering the political essence of the education act, in general, and, in a particular way, the school teaching of Geography.

This study aimed to achieve an environmental diagnosis and a proposal to use correctly Bebedouro s stream basin in Uberlândia/MG, using geoprocessing techniques. The basin is located in the rural area in the north of Uberlândia s urban zone. Distant 10km from downtown, among the coordinates 780500 787800 mE and 7917200 to 7925000 mN, presenting an area of 32,56km², where it was built a hydroelectric usine Amador Aguiar II , former AHE Capim Branco II. To accomplish this study, we used: climatological data, cartographic documents, aerial photographs from 1979 and images from HRVIR/Spot satellites, from 2006. The methodology adopted was based on a proposal by Libault (1971), which defines four research levels: the compilatory, correlative, and semantic rules. The software uses was the Cartalinx (for conversion of analog products), Idrisi (data processing) and ArcView (final layout production). As a result of the research about Bebedouro s stream basin, is that it has a tropical climate, with annual precipitation index of 1540mm, and an annual temperature average of 22.9º C, and the highest average of maximum temperatures is in October (31.1º C) and the lowest average of minimum temperatures is in July (14.6 º C). The geological formation is Serra Geral which occupies 76.45% of the area, formed by basaltic spills. The soils are red distoferric latosoil occurs in 76.70% of the basin s area. Most of the area is 69% between altitudes from 600 to 780 meters. The use of the land and vegetation, both prevalent as in 1979 as in 2006 are pastures, followed by forests/ cerradão , agriculture and cerrado . In 1979 the pastures occupied 60.42% of the area, while in 2006 it increased slightly to 64.19%. The category forest/ cerradão , also increased during the period observed, from 15.04% to 15.61% (2006). In categories such as agriculture and cerrado decreased. Agriculture increased from 13.04% (1979) to 11.99% (2006), while cerrado changed from 8.46% (1979) to 55.95% (2006). What we conclude is that in the basin the anthropic use predominates and such changes in the use of land are old, or occurred before 1979. Most of the basin, or in 84% of the losses occur in soil, less than 6 ton/ha a year. It is characterized by the presence of small properties, smaller than 30ha (60% of them) and 46% of the owners live on the farm for more than 20 years). From the intersection of maps, a landuse map had been drawn up for Bebedouro s steam basin, where we concluded that in 18.09% of the area can be used for farming and grazing, without the necessity of complex conservationists ways. In 48.74% of the area anthropic activities can be developed, especially the grazing, however it requires conservationists ways, as an example the construction of level curves and most often terraces. In 28.19% of the area shouldn be used with antropic activities, it is intended to recover the original vegetation, and 4.98% should be designed to permanent preservation the recommended Bebedouro s stream basin Uberlãndia/MG landuse map indicates how the area should be occupied, in order to minimize environmental impacts and contribute to the preservation of water resources, for a and fauna of the river. The geoprocessing techniques used for the development of this study have proved themselves very satisfactory and contributed to the products development used in the necessary environmental diagnosis and recommendation for the basin use.

This work had as objective to make the mapping of the Pires do Rio city of the environment, using techniques of geoprocessing, where it was carried through analyzes secular of the use of the land and covering vegetal of 1977, 2002 and 2007, and verified the mapped potentialities of categories. The Pires do Rio city of the Goiás is located between the geographic coordinates 17º 01' -17º 37' 28'' of South' 05' latitude and 48º 03' 21'' - 48º 42' 54'' of longitude West of Greenwich, occupying an area of 1073,369 Km2, with a population 26,857 in 2007. The materials used for accomplishment of this work had been to topographic leaves for elaboration of the limit and draining; digital leaf SE-22-X-D of the SIEG as base for the geology maps , geomorphologic and ground; leaf SE-22-X-D (MDE/SRTM) for maps of declivity, hydrographical sub-basins and hypsometry; images of satellites of the sensor ETM+/Landsat 7. For improvement of the limits of the categories of ground, geology and geomorphologic, update of the draining, mapping of the categories of use of the land and vegetal covering of 2002; MSS/Landsat 2 for construction of the use map land and vegetal covering of 1977; CCD/CBERS 2 for construction of the map of use land and vegetal covering of 2007 and of the farms. In Cartalinx software they had been digitalized the majority of the maps, except the maps of declivity, sub-basins, hypsometry and recommended use that had been elaborated in software IDRISI 32, which also carried through the crossings of the thematic maps. For construction of the map of the farms one typed the coordinates in the Excel was exported to Arcview 32, where the layout was become fulfilled. From the analysis of the results it is observed that the city is formed by 8 hydrographical subbasins, the greater is of the Ribeirão Brumado occupying 22% of the area; the category of geology predominant ´r Granada Gnaisse, Anfibolito, Quartzite in 45% of the total; how much to the relief of the city 37% little dissected presents the index; e altitude enters 700 800m, the dominant characteristic of declivity it is soft waved with interval of 3 8% in 47% of the total of the area; the types of predominant ground are the Cambissolos and Red Latossolo and occurring respectively, in 40% and 36% of the city. With the use of the images the following categories of use of the land had been identified (Ciliar Bush, Cerradão, Savana, Dirty Field, Clean Field, agriculture, pasture, reforestation, area of urban influence e, water bodies). The secular analysis of the use of the land proved that the pasture is the predominant category in these 30 years, occupying 47% of the city on average, and the natural vegetation had a significant reduction, mainly the dirty field in 55% of its area. How much to the map of recommended use, it was verified that 55% of the area recommended for agriculture and indicated 61% for the exotic reforestation are being busy with pasture. The geoprocessing techniques had facilitated the work of mapping of the city, the generated data make possible the identification of the ambient fragilities and suggestions to improve the use of the way land to guarantee its sustentability.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This paper presents a research conducted by bacteriological analyses of the water sample collected from shallow wells or tanks in the Sector Mansões das Águas Quentes, in the city of Caldas Novas, GO. The choice of location was given because the sector does not provide service of treated water or sewage network collector, which leads the residents of that sector to use shallow wells or tanks, for their water supply, and pits for the deposit of their dejection, which in most cases, pits type sink. Another fact that favored the choice of location for the study was the proximity of the sector with the deposit of municipal solid waste, where the waste is deposited without virtually any type of treatment. The samples were collected and analyzed to verify the presence of coliform bacteria in the group and also to verify the presence of Escherichia coli, bacteria indicator of the presence of fecal contamination, using the technique of multiple tubes, with a total of 97,5% of the samples showed up positive for this type of bacteria, which indicates fecal contamination in the vast majority of the samples. The work thus demonstrated that the residents of where the samples were collected using a low quality of water, considered unfit for human consumption according to Resolution No. 518 of 25 March 2004 of the Ministry of Health, which may endanger the health of residents due to problems related to the intake of species of bacteria Escherichia coli, causing a number of intestinal diseases. The work also demonstrated the need for the use of some type of basic treatment of water used for consumption by residents of the sector studied, and demonstrate the results obtained by the need to be made improvements with regard to the sanitation sector by power municipal government of Caldas Novas, as the installation of networks of treated water and sewage collector in any industry studied.

Th is d issertat ion shows the importance of the ra i lways as cata lyt ic in the construct ion and occupat ion of the geographica l space. They appeared in England and of there they dispersed all over the world, ac companying the deve lopment of the industry and the urbanizat ion. In Bra z i l, the ra i lways was fundamental for the transport of the main product , the coffee, of the end of the century XIX to the first decades of the century XX, became responsible a lso for tying the coast to the inter ior of the country, besides the Tr iângu lo Mine iro (Min ing Tr iangle) , through the implantat ion of severa l ra i l companies. The reduced investments in the recast , in the conservat ion and in the acquisit ion of ro l l ing mater ia l , they took the rai l sect ion to the stagnat ion. To minimize that s ituat ion, in the decade of 1990, they happened the privat izat ions and the concessions. In the Tr iângulo Mine iro (Mining Tr iangle) the dea lersh ip is Fe rrovia Centro- At lânt ica (FCA), that it renders services of transport of loads, becoming of that sorts out an important logist ic support for area .

This work aims to evaluate in time and space the quality of the lake water of the Miranda hydroelectric power plant by means of physicochemical and bacteriologic analyses. The collections of samples were made in two distinct seasons of the year : dry and rainy in the years of 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. Results of the analyses indicated considerable variations in the biochemical demand of oxygen, of the chemical demand of oxygen, of the dissolved oxygen, of oils and grease, of total dissolved solid, of the transparency, of the turbidness and of the bacteria presence of the coliform group. The values of the samples were interpreted in function of the limits of acceptance established by the Resolut ion 357 of CONAMA (2005). To help in the understanding of the results of the physicochemical and bacteriologic analyses, the area of study was mapped in what concerns the usage and occupation of the lands. This mapping identif ied the presence of 70,55% of antropic usage, 26,77% of natural vegetation cover and 2,68% occupied by water bodies. The map with dist ribution of the Water Quality Indices (WQI) points out that the major varies f rom great (79< WQI<100) to regular (36< WQI<51). The evaluation of physical, chemical and biological variations of the water of Miranda Lake allied to techniques of geoprocessing, allowed a better knowledge of the envi ronmental condi tions of the study area, and the results obtained can be used as sources of primary data to promote the planning and local and regional envi ronmental gestalt.

This study intends to explain and investigate the fulfillment of the legal competences in the Brazilian Traffic Code, as to the imposition, to cities, the management of the traffic itself through the execution of the process of municipalization, moved to end with its inclusion in the National Traffic System. Our starting point is the study of the beginning of the conflicts because of the circulation in the cities and the necessity of the implantation of techniques to the territory management, searching the teaching of Milton Santos. It s analyzed, how the evolution of the traffic laws and rules in Brazil was historically, including those that impose the municipalization, and what is the National Traffic System and Politics as well. Based on these theoric principles, it is seen that the cities not only have legal obligations, but also institutional, financial and technical: these legal obligations resulting from the requirements of the article 33 of the Federal Constitution and the BTC itself; these institutional obligations consist of the realization of the integration procedure NTS, the creation of the traffic management organs and the celebration of partnerships; these financial obligations consist of receiving and giving traffic fines; these technical obligations are connected to the formation of the technical workers and the implementation of instruments directed to the improvement of the circulation spaces through the professional work of several different areas of knowledge. Considering these municipal responsibilities, it was analyzed the statistics data of municipalization, giving to the official traffic organs and it was concluded that only few managers are worried about the municipalization of the local traffic assuming the control. It is because the bureaucracy in the process of municipalization and the lack of resources in the City Halls. There are also difficulties because of the capacity of the agents, educative action implementation, the correct use of the resources and the lack of technical action. The burden imposed to the city managers proves that there are great benefits when the city itself assumes the management of its own traffic, giving the solution to the conflicts in the circulation spaces, better traffic flow ness and life quality to its inhabitants.

This research aimed to characterize the central criminality involving young people (15-24 years old) in the Uberlândia city, giving priority to social and spatial relations. It was identified the young offender profile in determined institution of promoting social and educational measures. The methodological procedures of the research covered: the survey and development of bibliographic references about theoretical concepts on social exclusion, violence with emphasis on urban crime perpetrated by young people, and public policies to prevent violence, the survey data from the COPOM on the violence indices at Uberlândia in 2006, highlighting the murders involving young people, the survey data in the Center for Health Information on deaths in 2006 by age, the survey; spatialization and analysis of some socioeconomic indicators of Uberlândia from Population Census of 2000 (IBGE); collection of reports on urban violence involving young people published in The Journal Correio de Uberlândia in months between January and December 2006; survey data in institutions for prevention of crime, such as the Superintendency of the Crime Prevention and CISAU -- Centre for Adolescent Social Integration of Uberlândia, now called Centre Social and educational of Uberlândia, and removal and analysis of some public policies for prevention of violence involving young people, formulated and implemented in other cities of the country. It was noted that in local neighbourhoods has been greater share of crimes involving young people, but it also occurs in other central districts of the city. Thus, we consider that the young is target of crime in urban social and economic context in which we live and it is for the state plan public policies aimed at education and prevention measures and combat urban violence so that it does not become author and victim of homicide reported in the media.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior