Repositório RCAAP

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

A democratic education with quality is a major component for the construction of a fairer and more egalitarian society. Historically, Brazil has not been able to promote access and permanence of an important portion of the population in school, mainly the one of smaller purchasing power. Figures of school censuses demonstrate that, in recent years, a relatively big return of youths and adults has happened to the schools. This research is inserted in this context of educational division. Our objective was to know and understand the development of the teaching process and Geography learning, and propose appropriate methodologies for the teaching of Geography in Youths and Adults Education of the elementary level. For that a bibliographical research on the subject of Adult Youths Education was carried out in Brazil, focusing on the Freirean pedagogy and the teaching/learning process of school Geography. Two groups of the evening period of a city school at Uberlândia-MG, 2007 were researched, being one of the 6th grade (3rd cycle), and another of the 8th grade (4th cycle). It was verified, among other results of this research: the incapacity and historical inefficiency of the educational public policies in promoting access and permanence of the students in school; that teaching should be ruled, according to Freirean pedagogy, to the student's reality, seeking autonomy promotion, awareness, and, consequently, citizenship; that teachers continuing studies, including Geography should contemplate the particularities and necessities of this kind of teaching; that the teaching practice of the Geography teacher should consider the social subject condition of this learner, by means of a teaching methodology which is differentiated and appropriate, emphasizing the students' previous and real knowledge, accomplishing connections between the geographical content taught in the school and the acquired knowledge by their life experiences. Finally, we conclude that the use of videos (films, documentaries), as a didactic tool is an alternative for the construction of the geographical knowledge in the classroom, mainly in what it regards the shortage of time for study, didactic material, and learning difficulties inherent to the student.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This study intends to comprehend many legal controversies, environmental and economical, that involve the legal reserve institute of rural properties that lack native vegetation, mainly the legal reserve set in condominium, with RPPN, according to the legislation of Minas Gerais state. In Minas Gerais, cornerstone of this study, law n. 14.309/2002 (state Forest Code) while determines the institution of legal reserve in 20% of the rural property, in its article 17, brings specific hypothesis of compensation to properties that lack native vegetation. Among these alternatives, we point out the one described in incise VI, which allows the owners the acquisition of non contiguous properties (even in another basin) in condominium, which area is equivalent to the total sum of the legal reserve of all the co-owners with the institution of the Natural Property Private Reserve (RPPN). This hypothesis of compensation will be the main object of this study, which has been developed using the techniques of documental and bibliographic research, and also the intensive direct field observation and interviews. Besides the controversy that surrounds the debate regarding the determination or not to institute legal reserve in properties that lack native vegetation, with antagonist opinions about the legal interpretation, there is one about the constitutionality of this rule mentioned, considering that Minas Gerais state has concurrent jurisdiction to rule. This study will also point out the environmental impact caused by this compensatory alternative brought by the Minas Gerais law, its positive and negative aspects. It will also be presented economical data regarding the adoption of the compensatory legal reserve and its impact in the financial lives of the rural property owners and of the cities involved, under the analyses of economical activity reduction and environmental ICMS payment.

This study attempts to understand the importance of Catalão GO and its condition as a medium sized city. So, it gets together both perspectives: scientific community`s analysis on the issue of Brazilian medium sized cities and scholar`s opinion on this theme. For the last, this study goes deep on the history review of the city and applies to it a methodology elaborated by a team of researchers on medium sized cities (Medium Sized Cities Network ReCiMe). Economic dimension is a privileged side according to the methodology chosen because it sheds light to the comprehension of the role played by the economic agents in the intraurban space in Catalão city. In addition, this study identifies elements which help to clarify the idea of medium sized city based on the economic agents observed in the social and spatial environment of the research area. During my writing a literature review was set on both the medium sized cities and also on the economical development in Catalão from the 1970`s on. The next step brings data collection, systematization and analysis, together with interviews applied to citizen in Catalão. The third biggest GDP and the first HDI in Goiás, among other features, places Catalão as a clear medium sized city with regional and extra regional importance according to the methodology applied to this research.

This dissertation has as object of study the Camilo Torres Brigade. The Objective of our work was to analyze the organization of the Landless Rural Laborers' fight beginning from the Camilo Torres Brigade in the North of Minas Gerais State. The work has as reference the authors who discuss the Agrarian issue in Brazil and the conflicts between Brazil s Landless Rural Laborers' Movement (MST) and large estate owners, which provides a deep study on the subject here presented. A qualitative-quantitative methodology was used guided by half-structured interviews with the settlers/campers of the Sanharó Farm, the general coordinator of the Landless Rural Laborers' Movement (MST) and the agent of the Pastoral Land Commission (Catholic Church). Cartographic material, newspapers and photographs were also used. The research result shows that the fight for the land property in the North of Minas Gerais, considered from the Camilo Torres Brigade on, is a conquest of the Landless Rural Workers Movement. The results also indicate that the Brigade is a new strategy of fight for the spatialization ant territoriality of land in the North of Minas Gerais. It can be concluded that the Landless Workers Movement MST in the North of Minas Gerais, has played a major role on the fight for land and the recovery of citizenship of the excluded workers of the capitalist agriculture modernization process. The social use of land by the Landless Rural Workers Movement in the Sanharó Farm is reference for other settlements of the Camilo Torres Brigade in the North of Minas Gerais.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Por el estudio elaborado en el intervalo de interacción entre la Geografía y la Antropología, nuestra investigación se ha sostenido en una cuestión central: La Economía Solidaria (ES); efectivamente, un analisis de la Socioeconomía Solidaria y la formación de sus agentes. Bajo corolario de horizontes interdisciplinarios, juntando conocimientos cientificos sumados a conocimientos empíricos de la practica popular, nuestra disertación se ha empezado tras una reflexión teórica fundamentada en la dimensión del pensamiento conceptual del autor Milton Santos, pensador de un otro mundo posible a servicio de una reordenación humanitaria en las premisas de la Globalización. La temática de nuestra prospección reboza un saberhacer y un hacersaber como enfrentamiento a las políticas hegemónicas y practicas económicas vigentes de la Economia de Mercado. La experiencia elegida, ha envuelto un agrupamiento solidario - Chico Fulô y cuatro de sus subgrupos practicantes en pequeña escala de la ES, con un fuerte indicador de sustenibilidad por extrativismo de la naturaleza dentro del gran ecosistema Cerrado Alli localizase los 4 sitios ciudadanos, en el districto Buritizeiro - Noroeste del Estado (Provincia) de Minas Geraes, en comunidades emplazadas en las cercanías del gran Rio São Francisco. Constituyen practicas experimentales de agrupamiento popular con apoyo y asesoramiento del Graal - Organización-No-Gubernamental integrada en distintas regiones de Brasil direccionando apoyo a mujeres de condiciones humildes. Reemplazamos pues, experiências de ES, escojidas bajo uma apresentacion de caracter geohistorico respecto a el origen, a las premisas y a la actualidad de la Economia Solidária. Proseguimos entonces, por una apresentacion de las tendencias actuales en Educacion direccionadas a la formacion de las personas, enfoque essencial (principal) de nuestro estúdio. Entre teoria, história y la descricion qualitativa y quantitativa de prácticas peculiares de la ES, emprendemos la busca de elementos destinados al respaldo de las propuestas de gestion e construccion colectiva de esos proyetos con tres princípios o pilares siguientes: La solidariedade, en direccion a una otra economia ; asociada a nueva estructura de relacion del poder y de sociabilidad; La sustentabilidad, en direccion a nuevas formas de relacionamientos sociedad/médioambiente, en procesos de socializacion de la naturaleza a través del trabajo; La criatividade social, en direccion a los procesos participativos de la inventiva de nuevas y humanitarias formas de gestion de la vida y de la própia sociedad, a partir de la expansion de redes de prácticas sociales emancipatorias, solidárias y sostenibles, desde la labor y experimentacion concretas en el ambito local).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The general objective of this research is conducting the survey and mapping the physical environment and evaluate the deforestation in the municipality of Cacoal, in the state of Rondônia, Brazil, using geoprocessing techniques. This objective was achieved through the elaboration of thematic maps of the studied area, among them, the maps of human use and vegetation cover of the years 1986, 1999, 2005 and 2007. So this research could be accomplished it was necessary the use of modern and relevant materials and efficient computational techniques available, like the planaltimetric letters of Cacoal and Presidente Médice compiled by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), on the scale of 1:250.000, the geomorphological and soil maps, prepared by RadamBrasil Project, Ministry of Mines and Energy, besides the satellite images of the years 1986, 1999, 2005 and 2007.The obtained results show the elaboration of hypsometric maps, slope of terrain, geology, drainage, sub-basins, road network and soil maps, these mappings could make it easier dimensioning the physical size of the studied municipality. The mapping of human use and natural vegetation covering of the years 1986, 1999, 2005 and 2007 was important for the analysis of deforestation in Cacoal, showing that during the 20 years of colonization, the Indian reservation hasn t changed in its area of forest for agricultural purposes, maintaining 25.60% of the total area of the municipality with native forest. The human use was what grew the most during the colonization of the region, therefore, the area of natural vegetation was the most reduced one because in 1986 42.65% of the area was occupied by natural vegetation and 31.31% by men.In 1999, the natural vegetation area fell to 22.49% and the human use area increased to 51.21%. In 2005, the value of natural vegetation occupied area was about 15.95% and the human use area was about 57.75%, therefore, the natural vegetation decreased about 26.70% of its area, while the human use has increased 26.44%. The area of urban influence also increased in the first 12 years, going from 0.24% to 0.52% and these remained in the 8 following years. With this research it s possible to conclude that the mapping of the physical environment and analysis of the deforestation, the municipality has been deforested since the 1980 s and that if the government fails to take measures to make the local population aware of this fact, soon the areas of natural vegetation will no longer exist in the city, which causes serious environmental impacts. This fact commits not only the physical structure of the municipality, but also the people settled there, because they make their living from the land.

This present work aims to analyze the numbers of prevailing and detection of leprosy that make Minas Gerais an area of reproduction of this disease, in areas with notorious economic development such as Uberlandia. It was necessary to review the social construction and the stigmas created around leprosy with an historical perspective, as well as the social production and reproduction of it in Minas Gerais, specifically in Uberlandia, whilst as a public health issue, identifying the impasses and perspectives for the elimination of the disease. It was adopted the following methodological approach: data gathering from the Health Bureau of Uberlandia, Health Bureau of Minas Gerais, DATASUS database and OPS (Pan-American Health Organization); large research on documents related to the Policy of Extermination of Leprosy in Brasil/Minas Gerais/Uberlândia, as well as the history of leprosy, moving back to biblical references. For the consolidation of information in the local context (Uberlândia), interviews were made with the coordinator of the Leprosy Elimination Program of Uberlandia, with the Social Assistant of the Lagoinha neighborhood Basic Health Unit and people of the same neighborhood, always searching for the connection between space construction and the disease perception. The execution of the research provided the conviction that dealing with such a wide subject, which considers not only statistical features, but also people s life and public policies, cannot be delimited by easily manipulated concepts and definitions, when referring to privileged places nationally speaking, the state of Minas Gerais and the city of Uberlândia, where contradictions and poverty situations live with wide offer of good health-care services, if compared to the whole national context. This way, the contribution of this work consists on providing a moment of reflection about the socialspatial, historical and political questions that involve leprosy.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Ribeirão Cachoreira de Cima s watershed is located in the municipality Itapagipe, west mesoregion portion of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba (Minas Gerais) and presents a system of fundamental importance for the municipality because it s responsible for the water supply to the urban population and for taking part of the county's dairy herd, which has in its production of milk and derivatives one of its main economic activities. The developed research aimed to complete the precipitation monitoring and the environmental and integrated evaluation of the basin, covering not only the environmental preservation issue and, also, the alliance between preservation and socioeconomic development, trying to promote sustainable development of the studied area and ensuring the water maintenance regime of the basin. The necessity of conducting an environmental evaluation is justified by the fact that the system has significant physical and environmental diversity, showing areas of residual relief, very sandy soil and high vulnerability areas with natural and physical-environmental ideas for the development of several farming activities in an area of relatively small portion of about 210 km ². The integration of these elements, combined with different types of land use, most of times inadequate, leads the system to a state of alert for the production of water use and availability of this resource in adequate quantity and quality to support all the activities developed in a medium/long period of time. According to these information, it is also justified the rainfall monitoring made, which can optimize the rainwater use and reduce its negative impacts on the system. From the results of the environmental and integrated evaluation and the rainfall monitoring, we intend to propose actions the aim recovering the environmental quality of the Ribeirão Cachoreira de Cima s basin, providing better management, handling and conservation of the natural resources.

The object of this study is to present the results of research on the transformations in the agrarian space of Caldas Novas, Goiás, beginning in 1970, as well as the socio-economic implications and the elements of alteration of this space. Use was made of bibliographic research covering the themes related to the development of farming and cattle ranching in the Mid-West region and in the State of Goiás since 1970, drawing from books, magazines, newspaper articles, periodicals and information available on the Internet. The field research showed changes in the agricultural environment of Caldas Novas with an assimilation of new production techniques evidenced in properties undergoing an adaptation in land usage, going from rudimentary open range cattle ranching to seasonal soybean and corn farming regimes. At the same time the county undergoes a process of incorporation and usage of agricultural equipment, insecticides and fertilizers because the local soils require chemical corrections and adaptations for the practice of modern agriculture. Many still do not make use of modern technology for financial reasons or for not knowing of the advantages of increased productivity. Finally, it can be affirmed that there is a concentration of crops in one region of the county (flat lands) where there is a greater modernization in agriculture and even in cattle ranching. It is in the hilly lands that the more backward and rudimentary ranching prevails. The growth in agriculture and ranching complements the touristic aspect of the county, which developed after the founding of Brasília in the 1960 s, and whose hidrothermal potential is greatly exploited as the main source of the county s economy.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This study approaches the necessity of an Environmental Education in our days, given the socio-environmental problems that affect life quality in the Planet. We have seen in recent years a lot of works said to be on Environmental Education, that are developed in schools, companies, non-governmental organizations and other entities. However, we have not verified changes of behaviors in relation to the environment. As a teacher of the elementary school where children experience some of their habit formation , I decided to make a research on how Environmental Education is practiced in that teaching segment. The choice presents one private school of confessional administration , and one public school. They are very different one from another in what regards people social, cultural and economical conditions, as well as the geographical localization of the schools in the city of Patos de Minas MG. The fact of choosing a public and a private school is due to the belief and culture of the population which, in general, consider that the teaching in a private school is better then the teaching of a public school, especially in Patos de Minas. Starting with the social representations of the involved subjects we tried to make a comparison to verify their contribution on the formation of important concepts from the Environmental Education point of view. The research was developed from October, 2003 to November, 2004 with a quanti-qualitative approach. The obtained data were classified observing the social representations of the researched subjects. The categories used in the analysis of the social representations of the Environment were the Naturalistic, the Anthropocentric and the Globalizing ones, while the categories used in the ocial representations of the Environmental Education were the Traditional, the Corrective and the Integrative ones. We verified that the practice of the Environmental Education in the researched schools have been developed from a traditional and corrective vision and, a lot of times, we could identify the prevailing idea that the environmental issue should only be worked by some disciplines or even out of the classroom. We consider that vision as being a reductional one, once it was verified that both the teachers and the students still don't understand the Environment as being a complex interaction of the social, political, economical and cultural configurations, because the social representations that they have of the Environment are framed by the naturalistic and anthropocentric categories. Besides that, it seems to us that the teachers don't understand very well the necessity of developing strategies that culminate in an efficient practice for the critical citizens' formation that can be able to accomplish their social roles in the Environment. This work won't have been in vain if it can somehow indicate a reflection and also alternative ways to the political-pedagogical practice of the Environmental Education, with subjects that are able to act, articulate and organize themselves in the society they live, participating with responsibility in the construction of their environment and in the solution of their own problems.

This research has the objective to contribute to an effective improvement of the quality in teaching Geography by means of discussions and considerations on the teaching practice. Using cartographical language, we present possible ways for a significant teaching practice which is indispensable for the students understanding in the different domains that are socially built. Starting with an analysis of works referring to the Geography teaching as well as its cartographical language, we did a research in 2003 involving teachers of the 5th grade of the elementary public school in Uberlândia-MG. Our aims were to investigate the methodological procedures that those teachers make use to teach Geography and, to question if Cartography is used as a tool to help students do read, interpret and analyze the geographical space. The analysis of the collected data confirmed that the current didactic approaches still follow traditional patterns of teaching, and that the cartographical work developed by the teachers is ruled by the use of maps already made up. Besides, Cartography continues being treated by the teachers as a content which is dissociated of the geographical concepts. We also tried to explore the knowledge and procedures of the teachers in relation to the cartographic language by means of some activities. Most of the answers indicate that there are a of difficulties even with simple contents such as geographical locations, understanding and scale use, projection, construction and reading of topographical profile. The results also helped to guide the development of some methodological procedures that were worked with the teachers. With the conviction that the teaching of Geography allows by means of maps to accomplish comparative studies and to understand the different landscapes and spaces that are socially produced and also, that the interactive activities contribute more efficiently so that reasoning prevails on memory, we hope to alert teachers for the importance of the construction and reading of maps in the process of teaching-learning Geography.