Repositório RCAAP

This paper is situated on a Geography area titled Geopolitics. Having South America as its spatial profile, the discussion here is about the dynamics of conflict and integration in this territory that is the subject of several studies in various fields of science. This research, however, sought to focus on the threshold of this dynamic, which we consider to be the defense cooperation. Because it is a matter of military order, the defense engages directly with the conflicts of the South American subcontinent, responsible for various actions perpetrated conflict between the countries of this region in the past two centuries. Already cooperation effectively deals with the integration, which is presented to South America as one of its most important challenges, with numerous attempts in the history of their countries. Within the framework of this complex region, issues of regional defense had little insertion in integration projects intended, being overwhelmed by economic issues that have not reached the ultimate goal of regional integration, while the rivalry was responsible for the involvement of these countries in strife recurring. We understand here that the defense would be a key component to link South America, providing the security necessary for the development of continental integration. Thus the study of defense cooperation in South America aims to elucidate the importance of this integration mechanism just discussed, bringing in a historical research about the relevance of military issues in development cooperation in South America, linking projects integration of regional conflict and foreign influence, also presenting an overview of the distribution of military bases in the region and its importance to the recent integrationist projects.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The research is a result of the questions made around the implicit symbols in the image of the medium Chico Xavier, starting in the places used and appropriated for him in the spread of Christian Spiritism in Uberaba/MG. It has as objetive to define the contents in the created places for this kind of religion involving the person of the medium that consists in understanding the processes of sacred places, even after his death. The central topic of this research is the figure of myth. It takes as fundamental focus of analysis some writers of places and we change the same anallysis of social and sacred places, procedure shared with different social sciences. After analysing the structures, the forms and the contents of the analysis of place, we emphasize the processes of social organization until we reach the real position of the people who continue the work of myth and the organizations, there is, the appropriate place, like: the house, the museum, the book shop, the spiritual center, the assistential group and even the mausoleum. Thus, is was possible to decode the places from the uses and appropriations established by the medium and his public demostrating the social practices in the structure of Spiritism. However, it is evident the image of myth, we try to analyse the legacy of the medium and in his followers, besides the forms of appropriations of these places and of the spread of his teaching.

The cultural heritage preservation (material or immaterial) has become an important and relevant subject since some years ago. Supported by public polices, there is today a real concern about revitalizing of the areas where are located the architectural buildings in degraded condition. The revitalization and preservation of these areas aim its humanization and our history valorization. This research aimed to raise some questions on the need of preserving the cultural heritage of Distritos de Martinésia, Cruzeiro dos Peixotos and Miraporanga and to propose solutions that will contribute for the quality of live enhancement of these communities. We believe that County Guidance Plan can be an important tool for the preservation of this heritage. So, our research is based on the possibilities that the Plan offers for the cultural and architectural heritage preservation that is being damaged due to authorities negligence and carelessness. This work is based on papers reading and bibliographic researches that combined with fieldwork and interviews that showed the communities feelings about the places and how they valorize the architectural buildings and its history. These assets preservation and the supported development proposal for that region take place with the effective local community participation in joint decision with public and private sectors. In this manner will be possible to construct a place where the communities can be benefited by the revitalization projects for the regions.

The present Master dissertation analyzes the elites paper in the economic and political development of Uberaba city and the consequences in the production of the geographic space. This research occupy the period that extends of 1910 to 1960. We work with boarding theoretician and methodological of historical Geography and we seek to understand the relations of economic, social, cultural and politics production in Uberaba, constructing an analysis of the elites in their diversity and analyzing the power of these groups in different dimensions. The knowledge of the historic aspects of some social groups helps to explain the geographic transformations occurred in that space, and hinders the construction of models that do not correspond with the reality. In this perspective, we think that is essential to understand the (re)construction of the hegemonic power of these elites, as well as their values and strategies. In this research, in Uberaba (1910-1960), while maintenance instrument of the power in the economic relations, we evidenced that the political elaborated social nets that had formed a resistant society to the process of capitalist development.

The transport is a essential factor on territory s development and ordination it can be on local or regional level, because it is responsible for people circulation and load, performing strategically part for special-relations and economics, developing with on height ore low intensity on geography places consequences. On this view, the fluvial transport came, and has acquiring of progressive effectual mobility, safety and practicable. Between the existent motility economics, the fluvial, is the cheapest and can attend the needs of loads and people transportation on a integral way, in case it has economic, adjust and structure to its traffic. Nevertheless, the history of the country s occupation on has determinate that the same was not priority and today, even having higher coast in every ways, the road transportation prevail as modality that attract praticaly all public invest, resolting the most used on this way, loses the opportunity to promote the circulation of people and load on a higher economic way, safer and more democratic. On Amazônia region, this problematic is considerly intense once that the same is composed on the magor part of it s territorial space of navigate rivers of big volume of water. The fluvial transportation is used on a intense way by it s population on commercial and domestic ambit. Even before this reality, the fluvial transportation it s not priority as one of the mains sources of socialeconomics invest, once that those are part of majority amazon s daily. This master teses has the purpose to now, study and comprehend the fluvial transport of amazonia region, on metropolitan area. Capital of Pará, Belém as were as others municipality on this locals, the navigation is used on intense ways and very important to it s regional and national. For to understand this reality, this ressurch propose to know the inter fluvial way, and with that the accident accord on fluvial travel with small boats, specially the scalpelment through axle- motor boats. The kind of accident, although tragic, is comun on amazon s region, and mainly with depend intimately of this modality to exercise practically all daily activities according with given quantity and study development, makes important to show the aspect that important to show the aspect that characterize the fact, turning evident reality performed and it s consequences, through out the conclusions and opening perspective for more proper situation.

Far from losing its importance in the times of globalization and electronic communication, the city has confirmed its central position in all dimensions of the social totality. Even in non-urban areas, one can see the influence of decisions taken inside the cities, especially in those that concentrate multinational companies headquarters. Thus, with the constant growing of the urbanization throughout the planet, the struggle for appropriate urban centers is indispensable for a satisfactory existence of the human being. Hence, this work tries to bring forward a general picture of the Contemporary Urbanization and the role that cities have being playing within the Informational Society, in order to offer to those who work with urban phenomena some basis to act satisfactorily in the present context. From a characterization of the main features of the Contemporary Urbanization, we pursuit showing the recent path of the west urbanization, emphasizing which processes and phenomena are unique to contemporary cities. We do this in order to achieve a correct perception of the present urban reality especially, the brazilian one.

The elements that bring out the agrarian question in Brazil at the threshold of a century show that there are conflicts between two social kinds, economic and political, that reproduce historically in the field, following the capitalist uneven logic contradictory development: they are known at the moment by the agribusiness (capitalist agriculture) and peasantry/family farming. This research aimed to understand the political dimension of conflicts and territorial disputes between these two development models, especially the spaces, territories and social actors present in the civil society and the state. The methodological approach used consisted of a bibliographic study, documentary research (press reports, documents of civil society organizations, state bodies and other materials); direct observation of political practices and speeches in public arena; and semi-structured interviews. It was noticed, therefore, the diversity of social actors who protagonist the agrarian question in this decade in the spheres of civil society and State, as well as features of their presence and performance in the national political sphere. The executive and legislative federal powers were recognized as rich institutional spaces for an analysis of political struggle between agribusiness and peasantry/family farming, in which we highlight instances and actors/partners closer to the agricultural demands (among them, the rural caucus and Núcleo Agrário do Partido dos Trabalhadores). In the midst of these conflicts, the political action of rural social movements against the agribusiness development model, such as those linked to the Via Campesina in Brazil - among whom the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem-Terra get relief it also appears as an important element of analysis, the demarcation lines on the agrarian question from the perspective of the disputed territories.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The region of the upper course of Dourados river (left tributary of the Paranaíba river ) has an area of about 194 sq km in the north central portion of the city of Patrocínio / MG . Stand out agricultural activities with emphasis on coffee growing, temporary agriculture and livestock. The basin is the source of capturing water for the city of Patrocínio. Human activities generate impacts that may contribute to impaired quality/quantity of water availability. Arises, therefore, the need to consider the availability and water potential of this area, starting from the environmental analysis, so were done fieldwork correlated to imagery satellite Landsat and BlackBrigde with the aim of understanding the evolution of human occupation of the area from 1985 to 2010. Climato-hydrological studies (1980-2010) were also performed. This way, were known, the rates of precipitation, the consecutive days without rain, climatic water balance (according to Thornthwaite & Mather), the dry spells and the duration of dry seasons. Still, were obtained data from the extreme flows (minimum and maximum) and analyzed the use and availability of the water as informed by the Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas ( IGAM ) and the estimated growth of water consumption by the city of Patrocínio (MG) . The results show that the area has been systematically occupied by agricultural activities and increasing urban sprawl. Thus, are significant the changes in superficial runoff and infiltration processes, as well as, the impacts of improper waste disposal and river courses exposure to the anthropic impacts. The climatic and hydrological analysis, from descriptive statistics, return period graphics, tabulating of historical series, checking the significant days without rain and extreme and specific capacity, allowed observing the relationship between the dry and rainy seasons with flow rates. The association expressed by the water balance, shows that in the dry season, or in its extension may have the necessity of irrigation systems for some types of agriculture as seen in the case of horticulture. The use of water resources within the basin pushes its availability that is also being compromised by reducing the flow of some courses. Soon Patrocínio s growth may face problems related to water supply. The associated results reveal the need of a plan manager who understands the basin as a producer of water and seek partnership with involvers , guiding them to a rational behavior toward water resources.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The globalisation of the capital na trading prometed a quick strengthening of the big networks active in the Market, making it more and more competitive and exclusionary. Compete with these networks in a balanced way, is a big challenge for the small and big businessmen. With the purpose to establish an equity between the small and the medium companies, in relation to the big networks, new trade techniques are presented, and new strategies are implemented in order to achieve the market and the consumers. It s in this context that appears the associativism between the small and medium companies that seek to strengthen to face the challenges imposed by the growth of the commercial networks. Not differently from other segments, the pharmaceutical commerce also adheres new practices as the associativism, seeking, through the joint action, higher competitiveness. Through this strategy, the networks have the power to negotiate deadlines, purchases and marketing actions, such as, the ones that give higher competitiveness. Aiming to study the changes that have occurred to the pharmaceutical commerce, this work has as the main objective to analyze the main commercial and local strategies used by the associativists netwoks that act in the Triângulo Mineiro Mesoregion and Alto Paranaíba, with an emphasis to the associations that are being formed with the aim to strengthen the small and medium companies that act in the local pharmaceutical branch. The small and medium bisinnessmen face many difficulties, mainly when the competitiveness becomes the differential able to gain the consumers and make them allied to the process of growth and expansion of the market. To adapt to a market more and more demanding, with a new economic and commercial form, imposed by the globalization of the capital, becomes the big challenge for many companies. To face the difficulties, it s necessary to find new and effective strategies that establish combinations such as, the multiples alliances that provide the growth of small and medium companies that act in the same commercial branch, as it is the study aim of this research. The small and medium businessmen face many difficulties such as, qualified labour, the inaccessibility to innovative products due to the high prices, the innovative products due to the high prices, the informal competition, the excessive bureaucracy to get access to credit and even, the lack of experience in administrating his own business. The associativism can be considered a good strategy, since it has provided the companies, overcome part of these difficulties, promoting the improvement of their logistic activities, bigger facilities to access credits, advice in the business management and the extension of the profits. Providing therefore, an alternative way to the small and medium businessman that face the retailer concentration dominated by the big networks. Through the formation of the associativist netwoks, there is a chance that the small and medium companies become quicker, more flexible, and more competitive.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Order to understand the way in which it sued the construction of national identity and the Brazilian territorial formation in the context of the eighteenth-century Minas Gerais, we ve tried doing it in the light of the literary works of poets conspiracy. So, we chose Villa Rica from Claudio Manuel da Costa; Cartas chilenas from Tomas Antonio Gonzaga and Canto Genetlíaco from Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto. Working in the intersection between geography and literature, we seek to combine the artistic expressions of the agents who actually participated in the Minas Conspiracy to storms that formed the society of the eighteenth century mining and spatial components. In this sense, the poetry of the conspiracy was essential to analyze the condition of the mining captaincy just as it was presented. Some elements have been invaluable in assisting us in this analysis, such as understanding the concept of sertão for that locale and period as well as their occupation and isolation condition, the development and decay of the gold cycle and the relationships established between Minas Gerais and the captaincies of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in order to subsequently compose together a single independent nation of Portugal . Understand also the colonial relations between Brazil and Portugal was vital to assess the reasons that the mining elite to unite around a movement that, fortified by dissatisfaction with the Portuguese managed under the colony, had the intention of transforming the Minas Gerais and perhaps São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, in an independent territory. In addition to the political and economic issues that motivated the movement die conspirator, there were still those of an ideological character, which were essential to characterize the motions involved. This time, we turn our gaze to the acquired inspiration from Enlightenment ideological current that valued clarity and rationality and that was widely studied and used by poets conspiracy. Coupled with the Enlightenment was also the Arcadian literary current that enabled the conspirators poets express their ideas. Therefore, we tried to consider all those aspects involving expressive subjects ( GOLDMANN, 1979 ) around the same ideal in order to reveal not only the worldview ( GOLDMANN, 1979) reflected in literary works, but also the reality of Minas Gerais of the eighteenth-century, expressed in literary texts.

This study was carried out to characterize and define the degree of environmental vulnerability, caused by urban sprawl in the watershed of the stream Guaribas in Uberlândia - MG. At first, we identify the physical attributes of the basin, through analysis of satellite images and field visits, as well as defining the dynamics of the use and occupation of land, to enable the assessment of whether the use of compliance with the environment and the type of relief, soils and rock materials found within the basin area legislation. The basin covers part of the urban and rural area of Uberlândia - MG. The analysis of land use in the years 1979, 1997, 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013 indicated that the natural vegetation lost ground initially for agriculture and later agriculture has lost ground for grazing, and this is the type of use and predominant occupation within the limits of the basin today. With regard to urban sprawl , we found that since 1979 , some areas of the basin , were already being prepared for such use; in 1997 the urban occupation became the third type of use and occupation of most identified soil within the basin area and the second , from 2007. Environmental vulnerability maps indicated that, overall, the basin of the stream of howlers, with its distinctive natural features, has a predisposition to relatively high levels of vulnerability, which were intensified by human presence near the stream.