Repositório RCAAP

This study discusses the biological gender difference in learning. The differences are perceived both in childhood, growth and development, and in the behavior of boys and girls. To ascertain whether boys and girls have the same performance in reading, writing, arithmetic, attention and spatial localization, 61 students participated in this study, with 9 and 10 years of age, 33 girls and 28 boys enrolled in the 4th. Year of elementary education in a private school in the central region of São Paulo. In weekly meetings, the students performed the following tests: Test of writing under dictation (PED-VR), Test of attention by cancellation (TAC), Contrastive test of auditory comprehension and reading (TCCAL), Test of Arithmetic (PA) and a Virtual maze game called Maze King (MK). The gross scores of all tests were analyzed and the results found showed no difference in the performance of boys and girls. Although the girls were relatively better in the averages of each test, in the comparison between boys and girls, it was concluded that there was homogeneity between the groups. Therefore, there was no difference in performance between the biological sexes in the skills tested in this study

This work is based on a primary idea: the need of establishing in Brazil a new prison technique able to operate the transformation of the prisioners in the way to change their criminal inclination, neutralizing their risks, becoming friendly, excluded of their originary world. It is the work's purpose show that the actual disciplinary system applied inside of the brazilians prisons centralized their technique only in repressive effects, not giving importance to the recovery of the prisioner. The desertion of the prisional system by the State responsability, supported the formation of criminal factions. The challenge is substitute a power that expresses itself toward the shine of the unused, for a power that looks for discipline, in the way that society represented for the State, occupy the place of ideal between the prisioner.

The objective of this work is to measure the financial effect reflected in the behavior of certain companies’ shares listed in the Brazilian capital market and audited by Big Four audit firms after public sanctions issued by PCAOB in the period from 2002 to 2017. To achieve this goal, the research methodology applied was the event study, with a quantitative approach, based on historical closing prices of shares extracted by the Economática software. The practical implications of this study are related to the evidence provided of how the Brazilian capital market performs the reading of facts that involve the integrity and reputation of an independent audit firm. This research differs from the others already published within the scope of the PCAOB, since it relates the reaction of the Brazilian financial market in the pricing of shares after events that put in doubt the quality of the independent service carried out by a Big Four audit firm. The results presented by this study corroborate the semi-efficient hypothesis of the Brazilian market, since it was possible to observe that the company mentioned in the sanction issued by PCAOB and the companies listed in the IBOVESPA index and that are audited by BigFour audit firms, suffered abnormal returns following the publication of PCAOB censures in at least one of the periods analyzed for the events under study.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

This dissertation focuses on the study of freedom suits filed by slaves against their masters, both in Brazil and in the United States of the 19th century, which allows the analysis of the influence of freedom suits in the social and political context of slavery as a whole. Using the ideas sustained by Edward Palmer Thompson, the idea is to comprehend the role of law within the slavery of African-Americans. Utilizing the method of comparative studies, the paper will demonstrate the differences between suits filed in Brazil and the United States, to reflect upon the actions taken by lawyers in both countries, as well as a general perspective of their societies. Through this analysis, this study intends on focusing on the influence of important judicial rulings in the creation of a fair and just society in regards to racial inequalities. The dissertation also analyzes the mechanisms that allowed the conformation of the capitalist system and the employment of slave work, as well as the consequences of such.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This research aims to observe how the social face of mobility is materialized in objects and actions in the city at different scales and levels of historicity in order to understand how these various layers compete to embody a fragmented, efficient and qualified urban structure only for few privileged and for the reproduction of increasingly concentrated capital. The text presents a historical narrative of mobility in São Paulo between 1968 and 2015 considered in a humanized and political perspective, from the standpoint of representations, imaginary and practices. Materiality and actions related to mobility in the urban space are investigated in order to highlight its strategic connection to the mode of production, expressing social structure and collective imaginary both based on the idea of class flexibility and the possibility of social ascension through competition and individual effort. The study is intended to verify, as well, how the mobility shows the action of the globalized power in the territory and its local experience with specific tactics, from the observation of actions concretized in the city that control flows and actions and induce practices, composing imaginaries that are the expression of a segregating and excluding social structure, based in Brazil on a slave and estamental root. Thereby, on a near scale, the region of Butantã is investigated, as it presents big social contradictions that can be verified in the whole city and many questions related to mobility to be locally solved, counting on great mobilization relative to the subject. The field study focuses on informal workers engaged in local crossings driven by existing traffic nodes. Coming from the metropolitan region, they travel for long periods to ensure their survival in a context focused on productivity, the market and consumption to the detriment of real citizenship.

The self-image is a common practice in the history of visual arts, is a search that has always been fascinating to humans. Photograph, a language that does not end, is technique of communication and expression, space for imagination and meaning in materialized picutre. Photography is an image mediation technology, support either for appearance as existence. Photography has an important role in the relationship between self-image with humans. Kept forever fixed on paper and stored in memory, the self-portrait is part of people's lives. The research is located in reflection and critical production on self-portrait as surface for selfrepresentation and invention of subjectivity space. To think the relationship experience with self-image is to have the clarity of the self-portrait as a light and shape manufacture, a reflection of our pose, that makes up the self-image production process. The objective of this work is through images and texts, address the self-portrait in its multiple and double configuration, investigating the limits of contemporary existence concepts. There is a visual essay done as a reflection and action of this research, in which the artist-researcher himself stands in self-portrait production process and development of an artistic work. Work to rebuild the world. My world: the world on photography. Be photographe, shed light on the reality, looking at the picture revealing the time required to the image be formed. The selfportrait towards our own being is a method in order to self-knowledge, self-recognition that one can not live only for themselves, bonded in the mirrored image, it is a working of autorretratamento , language production and action of thought. Facing a society that has so much to see, became blind, photograph as that which reveals, is a reappropriation way for our image, invention of significance through self-reflexive gesture: auto-re-tratamento . It was observed that the art of self-portrait fulfilling one of the image functions, is a place of writing that allows the world find its interpretation, move back into yourself and be elaborated. The photograph, which no longer is a machine but becoming a well delicate organ, goes toward others as it reveals and takes the subject beyond itself. The self-portrait as a self-creation and expression for being, is a language with the aim of seeing. The self-image goes beyond our desire for own image. The self-portrait is knowledge production towards our existence, space to be and invent, act and have our reflection. We produce images to see, we need to see more.

The reading learning depends on precursor skills such as phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming. Rapid automatic naming of evidence are tied to reading fluency. The aim of the study were to verify evidence of validity based on external criteria from the development trends based on the age criterion of the Rapid Automatic Naming Test (RAN) in a sample of children from the school elementary; correlating the test with attention tasks, bucofacial articulation, phonological awareness and reading and writing in Portuguese; verify the predictive effect of NAR and analysis test precision aspects through test-retest analysis. The study included 494 children 3-9 years of age in the states of São Paulo and Maranhão. Reading and writing test were applied; phonological awareness; articulatory precision; attention and intelligence. To check evidence of instrument validity, variance analyzes were conducted with age, gender and type of school as independent variables. There was no gender difference. Multivariate ANOVA revealed that RAN develops with age, with both speed and number of errors decreases with age. In addition, ANOVA repeated measures revealed that naming colors and objects presents naming speed greater than naming letters and numbers. This data shows that the semantic set depends on longer appointment than the phonological set. Also, correlations between the tests and NAR correlated with all tests were performed. Linear regression analysis showed that NAR has predictive power for both preschool and for the elementary school I also found higher predictive effect of NAR with regard to accuracy of data and precision in reading and writing than in relation to speed. Furthermore, the NAR test was reliable.

This thesis covered the influence of human rights in relation to the international treaties merged in the Brazilian law. For this to be achieved, the evolution of human rights was highlighted, as well as its importance and reflection in the national and international setting. In the Brazilian law, human rights are fundamental in a society that is considered impartial and is characterized by solidarity, being strictly defended by the Federal Constitution of 1988. In the international setting, this situation was not different. The human rights have been proved to be a powerful shaping instrument of the sovereign States, setting the limits and boundaries to be followed as the way of elevating the human being as the heart of the international legal system. Facing the importance and relevance of the international treaties, the conventional phenomenon and its integration in the domestic law have been studied. Therefore, the main concern of this project was to make evident the reflex of the defense of human rights in the analysis of relations between the international and domestic legal systems, emphasizing the existence of antimonies between them and also their solutions, especially those regarding the existing conflict between Brazil s Federal Republic Constitution of 1988 and the Pact San Jose of Costa Rica, concentrating on the possibility of civil arrest caused by indebtedness. This treaty was rightly validated in Brazil and it examines the human rights issue. Through a bibliographical research on this normative conflict, criteria were obtained in order to be used as a solution for the antinomy between the national law and the international treaty. The Constitution of 1988 acknowledges the hypothesis of civil arrest for the unfaithful trustee. However, the Pact of San Jose of Costa Rica does not grant it. The analysis of this conflict is highlighted by its solution achieved by specific criteria related to human rights, since the Pact of San Jose of Costa Rica is an international treaty that considers these rights, and that it has a distinctive judicial hierarchy granted by the Federal Constitution itself. The results and conclusions show that the procedure that favors the individual is the one that prevails, being this the international treaty, since it has been granted a constitutional hierarchy. However, this positioning deals with a divergence in its doctrine and legal system.

Over the last three decades, the soap opera became a landmark in the history of television and culture of our country. It was not by unanimity, but the soap opera is so inserted in the context of our way of living that it is impossible not to be seen today as a reference to the art of acting in Brazil. And by both the artistic value of our actors/actresses and the high quality presented in every production, it is recognized worldwide as an authentic Brazilian product, disclosing many of our habits and showing our competence for doing television. Our intention with this work is to demonstrate that the narrative of a soap opera chapter resembles the structure of a tale. The tale and the soap opera have a sealed commitment with the reader: the story s. And the way of telling the story, everyone does it in their own way. The tale has a unity of action and the fascination of telling and catching moments of our lives, while the soap opera is a habit and it frequently helps to ease the routine of the viewer. This world is more and more demanding in efficiency and competition and we hope that this work can motivate other people in their creativity of expressions, transformations and re-creations, valorizing the man who valorizes himself through his work and his creative communication.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Intellectual property rights have been object of expansion in recent decades, when they began to be recognized on things and innovations hitherto immune to private appropriation, like living organisms, business methods and even the human genome. We live, as well, a second "enclosure movement" of the property, led by high-tech industry rooted in developed countries and aims to ensure the highest possible financial return on their investments in R&D. The extension of these rights creates situations of abuse that, besides diverting their purpose, cause damage to other principles applicable to the market, such as free competition and free enterprise. International treaties play an important role in this reality, with the TRIPS Agreement as the main one and that, despite his attempt to prevent such abuses, turns out to be too open in their terms and indirectly empower them and give them legal lair.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Localizado na zona leste de São Paulo, o Bairro do Brás teve seus primeiros registros no início do século XVIII, inserido em um contexto geográfico isolado pela serra do mar, o Bairro não se desenvolve até o século XIX. Caracterizado por ser um bairro rural, fica às margens do pequeno núcleo urbano localizado no centro. Com o aquecimento do mercado devido a agricultura e sua exportação, a partir de 1867, o bairro começa a receber as primeiras obras relacionadas à linha férrea, estabelecendo ao longo da orla ferroviária, armazéns, galpões e indústrias que utilizavam a ferrovia distribuindo a sua produção para o mercado de todo o país. (TORRES, 1969). Ao mesmo tempo que a inserção das linhas proporciona progresso do bairro, é possível dizer que a ferrovia se estabelece como obstáculo de transposição, principalmente quando os limites urbanos da cidade começam a crescer, juntamente com sua ascendente população. Historicamente o bairro possui diversas trajetórias de resoluções para o problema da transposição, sendo protagonista a questão das “Porteiras do Brás”, que marca seu desenvolvimento urbano e sua ocupação por mais de cem anos. Atualmente a situação da transposição ainda é delicada e compromete a ocupação e a caminhada do pedestre, que hoje dada as circunstâncias de uso do solo comercial, é protagonista. Embora milhares de pessoas circulem pelo bairro todos os dias, não há ali uma infraestrutura eficiente para suprir a demanda de travessia, fragmentando o território. A qualidade do espaço público é também comprometida quando se instaura os viadutos e os muros, criando zonas de fronteira, caracterizadas por ruas sem saída, ora apresentando a passagem de uma porção do bairro à outra como um obstáculo.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

No nosso artigo vamos abordar o tema de metodologia ágil, provando que é possível ter equipes geograficamente distribuídas trabalhando em conjunto em um projeto. Nossa intenção é apresentar a possibilidade de encontrar fortes talentos, agregando valor a equipe, mesmo trabalhando em locais distintos, mostrando que o desafio da distância e fuso horário não é um impeditivo para concluir com louvor a entrega de um projeto. Em 2001, em uma cúpula de 17 líderes de pensamento de metodologias de programação, ela foi definida em quatro valores principais capturados no Manifesto Ágil. O primeiro valor afirma: "Indivíduos e interações sobre processos e ferramentas". Nos anos anteriores à adoção do Agile, havia uma crença comum de que isso exigia que as equipes trabalhassem próximas umas das outras. Esse pensamento impediu as empresas de usar o Agile, pensando que não é possível que os funcionários trabalhem juntos em mais de um local e fuso horário.Atualmente, a maioria das empresas distribui equipes que trabalham em projetos o tempo todo.O objetivo deste estudo é abordar e fundamentar a hipótese sobre fatores importantes a serem usados na implementação de métodos de design ágil em equipes distribuídas globalmente.